Questioning methods and coping skills in poetry appreciation

Give you a little more summary.

Poetry appreciation skills

There are three levels of expression skills: rhetoric method, expression method (expression method, literary expression method) and text structure.

Topic type: What kind of expression is used in this poem?

Variant: What kind of artistic technique (skill) is used in this poem? How do poets express their feelings? Or ask specific questions about one aspect.

Key points: analytical expression skills are to analyze the way poets express their thoughts and feelings. First of all, we should distinguish the requirements of appreciation, that is, we should ask questions from the perspective of rhetoric, expression, text structure or both.

(1) Need to point out exactly what expression or skill is used. Secondly, it is the specific appreciation of related expression skills.

(2) Talk about the content of this technique and its specific application in poetry.

(3) Talk about the reasons why the author adopts this technique. Explain again

(4) How does this technique express the poet's feelings and convey his theme? Advantages of using this technology. The language expression in the process of appreciation must be a smooth and beautiful appreciation that combines the interpretation of poetic artistic conception with the appreciation of formal skills.

Problem solving format:

Appreciating rhetorical methods: revealing skills+analyzing and expressing functions (sentence meaning+text meaning+theme emotion)

Appreciate expression: how to say (describe)+what to say (describe)+what to express.

Appreciate the expression technique: technique+expression function (sentence meaning+text meaning+theme emotion)

Common mistakes: When answering such questions, a common mistake is to elaborate the rhetorical devices of a certain part of the poem. This is not right. However, when expounding a specific poem, we can talk about the use of rhetorical devices.

Example 1. Read [Tang]' s Ascending the Mountain in Nine Days in the Middle of Shu, and analyze the artistic features of this poem.

On September 9, at Wangxiangtai, he sat in a farewell cup.

Human feelings hate south suffering. Is Hongyan from the north?

[Note] ① That: Why, why.

Answering, guiding and analyzing the artistic characteristics or expressive skills of poetry generally starts from these aspects to see what characteristics the language has (easy to understand; Elegant and solemn; Tragic; Fresh and simple; Euphemism and vividness; Satire, humor, etc. ). See if there are any brave words. See if there are any special expressions and structural features. With these outlines, you can check the poems one by one. Linguistically, the spoken word "Na" appeared, and this poem is simple and friendly in the form of approximate daily spoken language. Rhetorically, three or four sentences are compared, and the last sentence is also rhetorical. In terms of expression, the third sentence is straightforward and the fourth sentence is euphemistic and chic. After such analysis and screening, we can basically grasp the artistic characteristics of this poem, and there is a way to answer it. Say what you say before you answer. You must be clear-headed and clear-headed. If the idea is not very clear, it is best to use a point method and say it in turn. It is also necessary to analyze it in combination with poetry, so that it is justified.

A reference answer This poem uses everyday spoken language, such as "He is sitting in a foreign land" and "That cluster", which is simple and cordial. In terms of techniques, the three sentences of "human feelings are tired of suffering in the south" directly express the pain in the chest, thinking about their loved ones alone in the south and not returning to the north, while the fourth sentence uses the rhetorical question of "Where did Hongyan come from?" In sharp contrast to the previous sentence, the seemingly "unreasonable question" makes the poet's homesickness feel particularly real and moving.

Example 2: Li Bai's Song of the Plug

The mountains in May are still full of snow, only cold, and the grass can't see the grass. Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality.

The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night. I hope that the sword hanging around my waist can quickly pacify the border and serve my country.

Note: folding willow: that is, "folding willow", the name of ancient music, is mostly a word that hurts spring and leaves sorrow. Loulan: A king of Loulan in the Western Han Dynasty sent people to stop and kill Ambassador China many times, and was later killed by General Huo Guang.

Q: Talk about the beauty of the expressive skills of this poem. (4 points)

A: The forehead is combined with the code, and the contrast technique is also used. "The flute smells the broken willow" and hearing someone play the tune of "Broken Willow" naturally reminds people of the spring scenery in their hometown and their loved ones, but there is no spring scenery in front of them, so distant relatives can't meet each other; It is under such circumstances that soldiers actively participate in the war and kill the enemy bravely. The concise words of the forehead couplet strongly show the loyalty and courage of the soldiers to the country. (To be in the same strain as the original poem, there are opinions and analysis. )

1, rhetorical method:

Metaphor-comparing one thing or situation with another. It has the function of highlighting the characteristics of things and visualizing abstract things, which is more vivid and touching.

Analogy-people are called anthropomorphic things, or crops are called simulacra. Contrast has the function of prompting readers to associate and making the people, things and things described more vivid and vivid.

Ask questions-ask questions first, and then express your opinions. The introduction of the question led to the whole article, with the question in the middle, connecting the preceding with the following, and the question at the end, which deepened the theme and made people memorable.

Rhetorical questions-express clear meaning in the form of questions. Used to strengthen tone and express strong feelings.

Metonymy-borrowing something related, not what you want to express. Metonymy can use parts to represent the whole, concrete to replace abstraction, and features to replace people. The use of metonymy makes the language concise and implicit.

Duality-using a pair of sentences or phrases with the same structure and the same number of words to express two opposite or similar meanings. Formally, the language is concise, neat and symmetrical; From the content point of view, the meaning is more concentrated and implicit.

Exaggeration-an enlarged or reduced description of the image, characteristics, function and degree of things. It has the function of expressing things more prominently and vividly.

Allusions-Allusions are a common expression in ancient poetry, which can play the role of suggestion, refinement, euphemism and association. It can not only refine the language of poetry, but also increase the richness of content, increase the vividness and implication of expression, receive concise and interesting effects, enhance the expressive force and appeal of works, enhance the meaning of works, and also have a certain impact on reading. There are several ways to use allusions in ancient poetry: ① point out the sentences of predecessors; (2) reference fairy tales; ③ Use historical stories.

Huadian (Application)-Re-processing and re-creating the previous written works and the language created orally by the masses, giving them new content and artistic conception. It can be divided into three types: word articulation, content sublimation and artistic conception development.

Intertextuality-"Intertextuality" means that the words used in adjacent sentences of ancient poetry complement each other and combine to express a complete meaning. It is a special rhetorical device in ancient Chinese. There are generally two forms of expression in the use of ancient poetry: a. In order to avoid monotonous repetition of words, synonyms are used alternately in writing. This intertextuality is characterized by the mutual explanation of words in the same or basically the same phrases or sentences. In this way, we can infer another unknown word meaning from the known word meaning. B is out of the constraints of words and rules or the need of expression art, so it is necessary to express rich content with concise words and implicit and concise sentences, so only one of them appears in the context, and the other is omitted, that is, "two things are one side, and the text is saved", so as to achieve the effect of simplifying the complex. When understanding this intertextuality, we must combine the words preserved in the context to make them complement each other and set each other off to show the original intention, so it is customarily called intertextuality.

Repetition-overlapping, reduplication, reduplication: There are only two functions: enhancing the sense of rhythm or emphasis of language and making it more vivid. The expression of thoughts and feelings is more dense and tortuous, and the syllables are beautiful, which enhances the musical beauty and rhetorical beauty of the language.

Parallelism-Say several sentences or phrases with closely related contents, the same or similar structure and the same tone in succession.

Pun-In some poems, especially in folk songs, the author often uses argot and pun to express a euphemistic and implicit emotion.

Jin Lie —— The so-called Jin Lie is a rhetorical device in which all nouns or noun phrases are skillfully arranged together through selection and combination to form a vivid and sensible image, so as to set off the atmosphere, create artistic conception and express emotions. The artistic effects that can be achieved by using this rhetoric are as follows: ① simplicity and beauty. Poetry sometimes deliberately leaves incomplete elements, thus achieving concise results. Jane is far from beautiful. The so-called simplicity refers to the selection of general things, which are skillfully handled by the writer and condensed into rich and profound ideological content and emotions. 3 implicit beauty. Implicit means not to say the meaning directly and completely, but to say it euphemistically, thus receiving good expression effect.

2. Expression skills:

(1) Performance: narration, discussion, description and lyricism.

The imagery and lyricism of poetry should be expressed through various artistic techniques, and some common artistic techniques should be known. Poetry mainly uses narration, description, discussion and lyric, among which description and lyric are the key points.

The relationship between emotion and scenery: the poet writes poems to express his thoughts and feelings. In order to achieve this goal, he needs to write scenes-natural or surrounding scenery, to arouse feelings and convey feelings to readers. The handling of feelings and scenes is very important. If handled properly, he will arouse the feelings of readers and let them sing with him. Such a poem is well written and touching.

Lyrics can be divided into direct lyricism and indirect lyricism.

Express one's mind directly-express one's mind directly means that a poet exposes his heart in his poems and expresses his passion, joy or sadness unabashedly. This way is more intuitive.

Indirect lyric-poets often express their thoughts and feelings euphemistically with the help of various rhetorical arts. Divided into borrowing scenery to express feelings, supporting things to express feelings, and blending scenes.

Lyric by borrowing scenery: When a poet has a feeling about a scene or an objective thing, he puts his feelings and thoughts to be expressed in this scene and expresses them by describing this scene and this thing. This lyric way is called borrowing scenery to express emotion or borrowing things to express emotion.

Scenery blending: This way integrates feelings into specific natural scenery or life scenes, and expresses feelings by describing these natural scenery or scenes, which is an indirect and implicit lyric way. Scenery blending includes three forms, one is the emotion in the scene, the other is the emotion in the scene, and the third is the emotion in the scene. In China's ancient poems, pines, bamboos, Meilan, rock streams, ancient desert roads, sunset at the border, jathyapple breeze, drizzling grass, banana residue, phoenix tree drizzle, duckweed, swan goose crane, roadside kiosks, etc., are often used by poets to express their feelings. These scenes are no longer purely natural things, but carry and convey people's extremely rich and complicated thoughts and feelings.

Pay attention to the relationship between happy scenery and sad scenery: as long as there are landscape words in poetry, they must be related to the author's emotions, that is, all landscape words are emotional words. The key to the appreciation of scene blending lies in what is emotion, which actually requires us to taste what is scene-sad scene, happy scene and sad scene? In general, it is the happy scene of Syaraku's feelings, and the sad scene expresses sadness, but there are also ways to write the sad scene with the happy scene, or write the sad scene with Syaraku's feelings. Writing mourning with music scenes or writing mourning with Syaraku can double the effect of mourning.

The difference between expressing feelings with objects and scenery: expressing feelings with scenery is to express feelings through the description of scenery. Poets express implicit feelings in their poems, so they have joys and sorrows, but we will never regard this feeling as an idea. The "feeling" of borrowing scenery to express emotion refers to feelings such as love, hate, praise, joy and sadness. More importantly, the poet should express his heart, attitude and understanding of life through what he describes. Expressing one's will with the help of the characteristics of things can refer to feelings, ambitions, sentiments, hobbies, wishes, demands and so on.

Description skills: contrast and contrast, dynamic and static combination, virtual and real combination, point and surface combination, light and shade combination, positive and negative combination, sound and emotion combination, rough drawing, meticulous painting and so on.

Rendering and contrast-Rendering and contrast are both techniques of Chinese painting. Rendering refers to a technique of drawing a picture with ink or light color where it needs to be emphasized to show the image of yin and yang, thus enhancing the artistic effect. Poetry refers to the active description of the environment and scenery in many aspects to highlight the image. Contrast is to use ink or color to render and set off the outline of the object image, so that the object image is obviously prominent. Used in poetry creation, refers to deliberately describing from the side, as a foil, so that what is needed is obviously prominent. In other words, don't say the original intention, just say other things related to it, so as to achieve the purpose of highlighting the original intention. The same thing can be rendered from the front or set off from the side.

Contrast and contrast-contrast is the use of similar or opposite conditions between things, with some things as a foil, highlighting the expression of things to be expressed. It can make the things that are set off more prominent and vivid. Divided into positive lining and negative lining. Positive contrast is to use the similar conditions of things to highlight the subject. Contrast means that the subject is opposite to the lining, and the lining sets off the subject from the opposite side as the background. Contrast is to compare two different things or two different aspects of a thing, so that the good looks better and the bad looks worse. In contrast, it reveals contradictions, sharp and strong, and has shocking power.

The combination of reality and fiction-definition: in poetry appreciation, emptiness and reality are relative, if there is something, it is true, and if there is nothing, it is empty; Evidence is truth, and false support is empty; Objective is true, subjective is virtual; Concrete is real, hermit is empty; Actions are true, but words are empty; The present is true and the future is empty; The known is true, the unknown is false, and so on. In the traditional techniques of Chinese painting, emptiness refers to the part with sparse strokes or blank parts in the picture. It gives people room for imagination and endless aftertaste. Poetry and painting are the same, and poetry draws on this method of Chinese painting. The emptiness of poetry means that you can't touch it intuitively, but you can appreciate the ethereal images and ethereal realms between the lines. Specifically, the "emptiness" in poetry includes the following three categories: the world of immortals and ghosts and dreams. Poets often use this nothingness to contrast reality. This is the so-called representation of reality with virtual images. Second, the realm of the dead. This kind of virtual scene is a scene that the author has experienced or happened in history, and now it is out of sight. Imagine the future. This virtual environment has not happened yet, and its feeling will continue to extend into the future. Therefore, writing funeral music will double its funeral music; Syaraku will have more fun. "Reality" refers to the real images, facts and reality existing in the objective world. Simply put, the "virtual" method is actually the way the author imagines association. Judging from the works we have seen, there are mainly two kinds: one is dreaming and the other is dreaming. And what's in front of you is real. "The combination of the virtual and the real" refers to the mutual connection, mutual penetration and mutual transformation between the virtual and the real, so as to reach the realm of the coexistence of the virtual and the real, thus greatly enriching the images in the poem, opening up the artistic conception in the poem, providing readers with a broad aesthetic space and enriching people's aesthetic taste. The relationship between virtual scene and real scene sometimes forms a sharp contrast, thus highlighting the center; Sometimes the two complement each other to form a rendering contrast, thus highlighting the center.

Dynamic and static combination-In ancient Chinese poetry, poets pay special attention to dynamic description in order to create artistic conception. Dynamic and static combination is a commonly used method of scenery description. In the use of this technique, it is unique, with "every word is the best" and "the realm is the best". As a combination of dynamic and static scenery, it often depicts the dynamic and static in an artistic conception, and it is mainly static, with the dynamic setting static (the "dynamic" here includes dynamic and sound, such as "the sound of bamboo in the Qing Dynasty, the sound of lotus leaves in front of fishing boats", "noisy" is sound, and "dynamic" is dynamic), forming a harmonious unity of artistic conception and image. Therefore, the combination of dynamic and static scenery writing techniques can not be completely separated from the foil

Positive combination-a positive and direct description of the object of description is a positive description; Describe the things around the object to make it more vivid and prominent. The way of profile description leaves more imagination space for readers.

Combination of point and surface-everything is interrelated, not isolated, and the scenery described is the same. They are always inextricably linked with the surrounding scenery. Therefore, when we write about landscapes, we should not write about the subject in isolation and stillness, but also write about the relationship around the subject, combining point with surface, so as to make the subject image fuller and more distinctive. It is often pointed out that it has a comprehensive function.

Detail description-China's classical poems are generally short and pithy, and don't have too much detail description like narrative works. However, even a short chapter, even a lyrical sketch, can not ignore the description of details. This requires special attention. Real and vivid details in literary works can also achieve the effect of "seeing the micro-knowledge".

Observe the change of angle-description should be hierarchical-from far to near or from bottom to top. Looking at the same scene, the observer's position is different and the angle is different. Looking down, looking up, looking far away and looking closely, the visual image will be varied and varied. Describing from different angles will make readers have a more comprehensive understanding of the scenery described and get a more perfect feeling.

Gongbi painting is one of the traditional techniques in China's painting, which is roughly similar to sketch or sketch in western painting. Its characteristic is to outline the picture with simple ink lines, freehand brushwork, no contrast and no color. This painting method is introduced into poetry creation, that is, without adjectives and modifiers, it is carefully carved and rendered layer by layer, not to mention melody or foil, but by grasping the object of description, using accurate and powerful brushstrokes, simple and concise language and plain words, it neatly outlines the shape, light and shade (sound) of things and shows the author's feelings about things. Meticulous brushwork, originally a brushwork of painting, later refers to the meticulous and colorful depiction.

Less is more, and small is bigger-less is more, which should have the following characteristics: generality: the * * * and inevitability of the expressed things can stimulate readers' association. Concreteness: refers to the individuality and contingency of the expressed things, which are embodied in sensibility and can limit readers' association. To see the big from the small is to see the whole from the local and the infinite from the limited. With the help of people's life experience, through the typical and symbolic, to achieve the artistic effect of seeing the big from the small. In ancient poetry, the artistic interest of seeing the scenery from the window is often shown, and the infinite and the limited are linked together, so "small things are big" is full of interest. Similarly, watching the sun in the bamboo, reflecting the scenery in the mirror and reflecting the scenery in the water also have this artistic effect. Features: A poem that captures a small scene with typical characteristics can arouse a big realm in the reader's mind, which is called "expressing feelings with a small scene". Second, writing about social life also uses typical life details to express important social content, which is especially suitable for quatrains.

There is a picture in the poem-that is, in the poem describing the scenery, a painting is described with meticulous brushwork to express an artistic conception. Su Dongpo praised Wang Wei's poetry as "painting in poetry", which is very pertinent. Wang Wei's pastoral poems always outline a picture, revealing an ethereal and implicit meaning.

Literary expression methods: Fu, Bi and Xing; Restrain change, elaborate description, symbolic association, etc.

Metaphor is a rhetorical device that compares one thing with another that is different in nature. Used in poetry is also called Bi Xing. This technique is often used in poetry to achieve the artistic effect of vivid image and turning reality into emptiness. Metaphor makes descriptions virtual, images more vivid and emotions more intense. If this concrete image runs through the whole story, it is a symbol.

Generally speaking, the answer to the question of image appreciation consists of three parts:

(1) Summarize the image features;

(2) Analyze the basic characteristics of the image (pay attention to the expression skills);

(3) Point out the meaning of image (pay attention to emotion).

Important words commonly used in appreciating words

Don't admire powerful people, be bold and unrestrained, be arrogant and uninhibited, care about the country and people, care about mountains and rivers, retire from the countryside, have no talent, be ambitious, be generous and cynical, be determined to serve the country, have no door, make contributions, bid farewell to friends, miss home, join the frontier, oppose conquest, love and hate, pity farmers, love mountains and rivers, and lament the past and present.

Steps to answer the word refining question

(1) Find and appreciate the refined words in the poem:

1. Appreciate concise verbs. Appreciate concise adjectives

(2) How to express the language (the steps are as follows)

First of all, put this word in the sentence and make a concrete explanation.

Second, see if this word or phrase constitutes a grammatical phenomenon, whether it uses any rhetorical techniques and other expression techniques, and then add some descriptive terms, such as conciseness and vividness.

Third, what role does the answer play (artistic conception, feelings).

Analysis of artistic conception types

Q: What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?

Question variant: ① What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express? ② Appreciate a poem or word from the perspective of "emotion" and "scenery".

The general answer to the analysis of artistic conception

(1) A picture that describes a poem (combined with artistic techniques). Grasp the main image (image) in poetry and reproduce the picture in your own language. When describing, one should be faithful to the original poem, the other should be recreated with one's own association and imagination, and the language should be beautiful.

② Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, vigorous and magnificent, bleak and desolate, etc. , and should pay attention to accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery.

③ Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings and the significance of creating an atmosphere. What is included and why. For example, it is not enough to just answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but to specifically answer why it is "sentimental".

Expressing skill-based problems

Appreciating the expressive techniques of poetry is to analyze what expressive techniques are used in the works, what role these expressive techniques play in the works, and what contents and emotions are expressed.

Answer mode: analytical skill type

Q: What kind of expression is used in this poem?

Question variant (1) Please analyze the expressive technique (or artistic technique, or technique) of this poem. (2) How do poets express their feelings? What's the effect?

Solution analysis: Expression technique is a method used by poets to express their feelings. To answer questions accurately, you must be familiar with some common expression skills.

Answer steps:

(1) Accurately point out the technology used.

(2) Explain where this technique is used in combination with poetry.

(3) What is the function of this technique and what kind of feelings the poet conveys.

A word (or a sentence) affects the whole body.

Q: One word is the key to the whole poem (or "word" or "poetic eye"). Why?

Question variant: which word (sentence) is the key to understand the whole poem (or "word" or "poetic eye")?

Note: when answering the question of "question variant", don't just answer which word and retreat hastily. You should answer "Why" like "questioning method".

Solution analysis: Ancient poetry is very particular about conception, and often a word or a word constitutes the clue or emotional tone of the whole poem. Grasping this word proposition can often test the examinee's grasp of the whole poem.

Pay attention to the solution analysis: cut-in analysis generally focuses on two points: ① If you ask which sentence is a master poem from the content or structure, you will generally focus on the one that can lead to the whole poem from the content or the one that can connect the front and back structures, as shown in the second step of the following answer example; (2) When asking which word, we should generally grasp the verbs or adjectives that can reflect or express the poet's feelings to understand and analyze, such as:

Joy, pity, sadness, pain, anger, sorrow, anger, resentment, sigh, smile, joy, sorrow, joy, cold, leisure, etc. , or words that reflect cool and hot colors (such as dark and gray)

Steps to answer questions: ① the role of words in highlighting the main idea. ② Consider the role of words in the whole poem structure.

Different views

Question: Some people think so, others think so. What do you think?

Question variant: Some people think that a word is used well, while others think that a word is not used well. what do you think?

Answer analysis: according to the original poem, we must find reasons from the original poem.

Answer steps: find the key points in the original poem sentence and answer them in the form of translation.

Comparative appreciation type

Questioning method: The two poems are compared in content, theme and method; There are also comparisons with the verses in the learned texts.

Question variant: say the same or different views. Some refer to atmosphere and feelings, while others refer to style and methods.

Solution analysis: according to the original poem answer, find the reason from the original poem.

Answer steps: To answer the same question, you should find out the original sentences or keywords (sometimes you can explain sentences or words) that have the same points from the poems and tell their similarities and differences. The key is to grasp the relevant sentences or words that can reflect or explain the differences, and let the words in the original sentence speak, reflect or explain the differences.

Although the forms of questioning in poetry appreciation are ever-changing, there are the following types in summary:

(1) poetic understanding. Question: What is the moral of the word "so-and-so"? Or what does it show? Combine the whole poem and talk about your understanding of the first couplet. For example, Tianjin Volume 2004 16: Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. Tang Li Bai's "Listening to the Monks Playing the Piano in Shu": "Monks in Shu carry the violin case and go down to Emei Mountain in the west. When I hear the sound of Matsutani, I wave my hand at will. I heard him in the clear stream, I heard him in the cold bell. I don't think there has been any change, although the mountains have darkened and cloudy autumn has piled up the sky. " (1) In the second couplet of this poem, what do "wave a hand" and "ten thousand" mean respectively? (2) combined with the whole poem, talk about your views on the fourth part, "Although the mountains are dark, I have no feelings, and autumn clouds are piling up the sky". Understand. The focus of this kind of question is how to interpret the text correctly, and the organization of the answer should start from reading poetry. "A Wave" describes the posture, movements and skills of Shu monks playing the piano. Wan wrote the musical effect of piano sound. "I can't feel the change, although the mountains are getting dark and the sky is overcast in autumn." At the end of the song, the writer writes about the scenery, the state of being immersed in the piano sound, and describes the charm of the piano sound from the side.

(2) Language features. Q: What are the linguistic features of this poem? Please analyze the language style of this poem, or talk about the language art of this poem. Common words that can be used to answer this kind of questions are: fresh and natural, plain and interesting, implicit and implied, simple and lively, concise and vivid, graceful and restrained, bold and unrestrained, colloquial, and fond of using allusions. With this knowledge, students can answer questions easily. Such as "Spring Complaint": "Drive the oriole away, and all the fun comes from the tree. When she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp, they woke her up. " Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem. Answer steps: ① use one or two words to accurately point out the language characteristics; (2) Analyze this feature with relevant sentences in the poem; (3) Point out how the author's feelings are expressed. The language features of this poem are fresh, natural and colloquial. Yellow is a children's voice, which shows the innocence of women; "When she dreamed that she went to meet him in a military camp in western Liaoning, they woke her up." In common language, it was explained that the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband. This is a natural expression of a woman's longing for her husband.

(3) Artistic conception analysis. Q: What kind of picture does this poem depict? What kind of artistic conception (atmosphere) has been created? What kind of feelings did the poet express? Answering such questions can generally be started from three aspects: ① Describe the picture displayed in a poem in your own language, be loyal to the original poem, have your own association and imagination, and strive for the beauty of language; (2) Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery, whether it is fresh and elegant, quiet and beautiful, lonely and desolate, bleak and desolate, or magnificent. And the words should accurately reflect the characteristics and emotional appeal of the scenery. ③ According to the situation and atmosphere of the poem, analyze the author's thoughts and feelings, whether they are happy, excited, painful and sad, or lonely and disappointed.

For example, Sikong Shu's "Jiangcun is a thing": "When the fisherman returns, Jiangcun will feel at the moon. Even if it is blown away by the wind overnight, it will only be near the shallow waters of Lu Hua. " What kind of artistic conception does this poem write through the description of what things? ② Where is the "poetic eye" of this poem? What are the functions of the two related words "even if" and "only in" in the last two sentences? Please make a brief analysis according to the content of this poem. This poem is about the personal situation of Jiangcun, but the poet did not write about the scenery of Jiangcun, but reflected a side of Jiangcun's life through a small action and psychological activity of fishermen on the river, and wrote a true and sweet artistic conception. The key to this poem lies in "not tying the boat", and the following poems are born from these three words. The last two sentences of the poem answer the reason of "not taking a boat". By releasing and collecting the words "even if" and "only in", the meaning goes further, not to mention that it may not be windy at night. Even if there is, ships without cables will be blown to shallow water full of reeds at most. Here, the poet did not describe the quiet natural environment, however, the fishermen's leisurely life interest and the quiet and beautiful scenery of Jiangcun are vividly on the paper.

(4) Skill mastery. Q: What kind of expression is used in this poem? How do poets express their feelings and what is their function? Or please analyze the expressive skills of this poem? There are three main steps to answer this kind of question: ① clearly point out what kind of technique is used; (2) Elaborate in detail with poems; (3) Point out how this technique can effectively convey the poet's feelings. Follow these three steps, and there will be no big loopholes. For example, question 12 in Volume 2 of Chinese in 2005: Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question. Li Hua's Improvisation in Spring: "Grass grows under Yiyang City, and water is built and traffic goes west. There are no flowers in the fragrant trees, and birds crow all the way to the spring mountain. " (1) What rhetorical devices are used in three or four sentences of this poem, please specify? When it comes to poetry creation, the ancients once said, "Poetry is not only sentimental, but also beautiful." Please appreciate this poem from the perspectives of "scenery" and "emotion". A: ① Duality. Fang Shu vs. Murayama, Flowers vs. Birds, Falling vs. Crying. This poem describes what the author saw and heard during his "spring outing": grass and water, trees and mountains, flowers and birds. Every painting has its own characteristics, but poetry is not a simple description of scenery, but a mixture of emotion and scenery. The scenery of "flowers falling from the sky" and "birds crowing in the air" in the poem shows the tranquility in the mountains, which reveals a trace of sadness and desolation.

Of course, neither poetry understanding, language feature analysis nor skill mastery are isolated. Whether you ask questions individually or comprehensively, you should handle them flexibly according to the situation. ?