Why Hefei was changed to the capital of Anhui.

1949 When Hefei was liberated, due to the incomplete liberation of most areas south of Chaohu Lake, Anhui Province, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China temporarily set up the administrative office of northern Anhui in Hefei, and then the general headquarters of crossing the river was located in Feidong. After the liberation of Wuhu, the central government temporarily set up the southern Anhui administrative office in Wuhu. 1952, the central government decided to merge the northern Anhui administrative office and the southern Anhui administrative office to rebuild Anhui Province. In the same year, the People's Government of Anhui Province was formally established with its headquarters in Hefei.

Although Chairman Mao listed Anhui as a coastal province in "On Ten Major Relations" in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, it is undeniable that the provincial capital moved from Anqing along the river to Hefei inland, making Anhui a relatively closed inland province politically and psychologically, because in the 1950s, China's air transport capacity was almost zero, and its railway transport capacity was extremely limited. The Yangtze River, as "the largest water system in China", means something to Anhui. Although Hefei is located in the geographical center of Anhui, it is far away from the Yangtze River and Huaihe River which run through Anhui, so the traffic is relatively closed. Moreover, before liberation, Hefei was only a small county with a population of less than 50 thousand, and even buildings with more than two floors were rare. The conditions in all aspects are quite simple, and many infrastructures have to be built from scratch. Therefore, the vision of Anhui's development has long been mainly limited to Hefei. However, Hefei has developed for so many years, and Changfeng is still a national poverty-stricken county after the three counties under its jurisdiction remain unchanged. Cities around Hefei, such as Lu 'an, Chaohu and Huainan, have not become rich under the drive of Hefei. After dozens of efforts, the total economic output of Hefei surpassed Wuhu with 1984 and Anqing with 1989. By the end of the 15th Five-Year Plan in 2005, the total economic output of Hefei was only 85 billion. Look at other provincial capitals around: in 2005, the total economic output of Hangzhou was 290 billion, that of Nanjing was 240 billion, that of Wuhan was 220 billion, that of Zhengzhou and Jinan was 200 billion, and that of Nanchang was 165438+. Now people with a little economic knowledge understand that the economic cost of building a place that was originally a county into a provincial capital is much greater than that of building a place that was originally a city into a provincial capital! It is undeniable that Hefei has developed from a small county in the late 1940s to the present scale, creating a "miracle", but this "miracle" is at the expense of excessive consumption of Anhui's "vitality"! In fact, in the 1950s, many provincial leaders in Anhui felt the limitations of Hefei and had the idea of moving the provincial capital to Wuhu, a city along the Yangtze River with better conditions. In order to "cut off" this idea and let Anhui's leaders feel at ease in building Hefei, 1958, Chairman Mao took the opportunity of inspecting Anhui and naming the newly established "Anhui University" and made it clear to Ceng Xisheng, then secretary of Anhui Provincial Party Committee, that he did not agree to move the provincial capital to Wuhu! This letter is now engraved on the wall behind the south gate of Anhui University. Chairman Mao insisted on keeping the provincial capital in Hefei, mainly based on the following considerations: at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were bandits in many places south of the Yangtze River, and the southwest region had not been settled. The Chiang clique of the Kuomintang on the island of Taiwan Province Province has been clamoring for a counterattack against the mainland. Anhui is located at the strategic crossroads in the throat area of the Yangtze River. Cities with provincial capitals on the edge of the Yangtze River have great strategic security risks. If a strategic town along the Yangtze River, such as Nanjing, falls, the enemy will rely on the convenient traffic conditions of the Yangtze River and go with the flow, and it is very likely that they will win two provincial capitals in one day. In Fiona Fang, which is 300 kilometers around Hefei, there are mountains in the east, south and west, and plains in the north. In other words, if the troops set up assembly points in the east, west and south, Hefei is the most ideal area. This is a hilly area where the mountain area is in transition to the plain. The terrain can buffer the enemy's attack, facilitate the counterattack, and prepare materials and personnel before moving forward. Hefei exists as a military value. It is for this military purpose to locate provincial organs and enterprises in Hefei, concentrate foreign resources in Hefei and develop basic military enterprises in surrounding counties and cities. The whole Anhui Province is like a military flood discharge area and a military buffer zone. In a sense, Hefei's becoming the capital of Anhui Province is mainly the product of "military politics", without much consideration of economic development!

Anhui, abbreviated as "Anhui", is the capital of Hefei, which is located in the east of Chinese mainland and belongs to East China, with latitude114 54'-19 37' and latitude 29 41'-37'. Anhui is named after the initials of "Anqing House" and "Huizhou House".

Jinjiang, Anhui Province, leads the Huaihe River, which leads to the sea along the river, with prosperous economy and developed education. It crosses the Yangtze River and Huaihe River in the north and south, and Xin 'anjiang runs through it, bordering Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shandong and Henan. It is about 450 kilometers wide from east to west and 570 kilometers long from north to south, with a jurisdiction area of 14.0 1 10,000 square kilometers, accounting for 1.45% of the whole country. The terrain consists of Huaibei Plain, Jianghuai Hilly and Southern Anhui Mountainous Area. There are many lakes in the territory, which is a typical water town in the south of the Yangtze River and a land of plenty.

Anhui is an important birthplace of prehistoric civilization in China, with four cultural circles: Huaihe Culture, Luzhou Culture, Wanjiang Culture and Huizhou Culture. Huizhou merchants were one of the three largest commercial gangs in ancient China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Anhui merchants expanded their trade to Southeast Asia, Japan and Europe, leaving a good reputation of "no emblem, no business". Anhui has attached importance to scientific research and education since ancient times and has the spirit of innovation. It is the integrated circuit industry center of China, the pilot province of national technological innovation project, the comprehensive national science center and the national industrial innovation center.

Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai and Zhejiang * * * form the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, becoming one of the six world-class urban agglomerations in the world. In 20 14, it won the honor of the happiest province in China and was listed as the first pilot province of new urbanization in China. In 20 15, Anhui province officially entered the stage of rapid development of upper-middle income.