Chu prisoner's poems

Wang Jingwei's father, Wang Shengzhai, is an unsuccessful scholar. When he was young, he went to Guangdong as an adjutant. The salary is not high, but we must maintain the dignity of an official family and live a poor life. When Wang Ching-wei was thirteen or fourteen years old, his parents met one after another, so he had to live with his half-brother Wang Zhaoyong. "Food and clothing costs are owed to his eldest brother." Young Wang Jingwei "led the knife into a quick success and tied the young head."

Losing parents in childhood is a very sad thing, and the life of "eldest brother as father and sister-in-law as mother" has aggravated this sadness. From Wang Jingwei's later memories, we can see his inner sadness.

"My mother, really sad. I think her whole life, just immersed in the word' worry about work'. The hardships of family planning and the idleness of the family still appear in front of me from time to time. " (Note: See Wang Jingwei's self-report, quoted from Wang Jingwei's Biography, Jilin Literature and History Publishing House, 1988 edition. )

1922, Wang asked Wen Youju to draw "Autumn Morning Class Map", so he made the following map:

"On the right, Zhao Ming followed his mother as a child. At that time, Zhao Ming was nine years old, and Ping Dan had to learn calligraphy in the atrium, which made him take it for granted ... My father's family was poor, even though he was still a guest of Lufeng ... Sometimes he saw his mother's silence and sat there in tears, but his heart was restless. At first, he didn't understand that loving his mother was far away and his heart was bitter. Hens crow, serve their fathers, caress the weak, do housework, have trivial daily necessities, and often can't sleep at night ... Seeing mother sigh and looking for clothes, money is fruitful; When relatives and friends arrive, they are all anxious to talk about money, as if there is nothing to worry about ... too much work, days without them, sad husband! "

Wang Ching-wei is a scholar under the "Four Books and Five Classics". When he spoke, he paid great attention to covering up his grievances with a veil of tenderness, but the above two paragraphs still revealed the infinite sadness after his parents died. I miss my mother very much, which seems to reflect the unhappiness and hardship after my mother's death from one side.

Generally speaking, urchins can be tolerated by their parents; Brother and sister always feel constrained in front of eldest brother and sister-in-law, so they are not so close. Brother and sister-in-law can only accommodate tame and obedient siblings. Wang Zhaoyong, Wang Jingwei's eldest brother, was a Taoist priest who had traveled in Yueyue in northern Guangdong. He has a strong idea of "looking forward to his son's success" and is extremely strict with his younger brother, which makes Wang Jingwei feel that he is easily blamed. (Note: See Wang Fake and Ten Traitors, Shanghai People's Publishing House, p. 3. )

Wang Ching-wei lives in such a formal family environment, and there is little joyful atmosphere. This situation is not a day or two, but a long time, which has played a casting role in Wang Jingwei's character. In this way, Wang Ching-wei has developed the personality characteristics of cowardice, inferiority and indecision since childhood.

Look at the cultural atmosphere of the Wangs.

Although the Wangs are neither poor nor rich, they are scholarly brothers. Grandfather Wang is a juren and worked as a teacher in Suichang. His father, Wang Shengzhai, was an adjutant all his life. His eldest brother, Zhao Yong, is a juren and works as a teacher in Lechang. Such a family has a strong Confucian cultural atmosphere. Wang Jingwei studied with his parents since childhood and received traditional feudal education. "Learn literature, history and classics from Zhang Meixuan in Lechang County". Their family climbed the old road of feudal literati. 1902 In March, Wang Jingwei participated in Guangzhou Fu and won the first prize. There are two brothers Zhao @ ① and a nephew in the same family, ranking second and third. A family of two generations and three sons can be described as "a jade peak with two beauties, a pearl tree with three flowers". (Note: See Shao Hua's Biography of Wang Jingwei, page 5. Pursuing fame and fortune, of course, the Confucian culture atmosphere is very strong and the belief in Confucius and Mencius is very sincere. There are both "benevolence, wisdom and courage" in Confucianism, such as Lutz's strong factor that "the death of a gentleman is inevitable"; There are also factors such as "gentleness, courtesy and frugality", "tolerance" and "forgiveness". Judging from Wang's life experience and fame, Wang is more influenced by the ideas of "public" and "forgiveness".

Thirdly, Wang Jingwei's teaching experience has a great influence on his life.

After becoming a scholar, his second brother died of illness, and Wang Jingwei was embarrassed at home, so he had to go to Lee Joon, the prefect of Guangdong Navy, to be "Mr. Zi Yue". When you are a teacher in a big bureaucratic home, you must be careful and follow the rules; Students must put on an orthodox Confucian scholar's appearance. Life in the teaching library is very difficult. It's really "less classes and lazy parents, more merits and more disciples have enemies." Such a life has turned people's character into meekness and cowardice.

The above conditions cast Wang Jingwei's character characteristics of cowardice, inferiority and indecision. On the other hand, Wang Jingwei was gifted and enlightened since childhood, and entered a private school at the age of five. At the age of eight, he "developed a good habit of reading" and "has a solid foundation in Chinese studies all his life, benefiting from court training". His study should be based on writing. Mr. Wang said that "his style of writing is magnificent, which can be regarded as a great tool for spinning and drying Kun" (note: I listened to page 5 of Wang Jingwei's Biography by Shao Hua. ), made a name for himself from the very beginning, won a scholar, was admitted to the official Fei Sheng studying in Japan in 1904, and took part in the league building activities in 1905, embarked on the road of professional revolution and had the opportunity to step onto the upper class of society. However, the character imprint left by family and experience in childhood is always unremarkable in life.

So how to understand Wang Jingwei's brave psychology when he tried to assassinate Regent Zai Feng?

After the founding of the League, the armed uprising led by Sun Yat-sen failed many times, and the revolution encountered many difficulties. At the same time, there are contradictions and differences with Sun Yat-sen within the revolutionary factions such as Tao and He Zhang. ..

Sun Yat-sen is an indomitable revolutionary. He has firm determination in the face of difficulties. 19 10 Long Beach Conference was held in Los Angeles, USA in February. Sun Yat-sen made a decision to temporarily suspend the immature uprising activities and instead accumulate strength. (Note: See Wang Fumin's Detailed Biography of Sun Yat-sen, Radio and Television Press, p. 470. ) Expose the fallacies and heresies of Tao and Zhang.

Wang Ching-wei didn't look at the situation correctly, but he had a feeling of being swayed by considerations of gain and loss. When the revolution was difficult, he tended to go to extremes, trying to solve the problem through assassination, so he had the action of murdering Zai Feng. In fact, this is based on the personality characteristics of cowardice and inferiority and rashly chose the other extreme.

After Zai Feng's assassination, Wang Jingwei developed cowardice and inferiority complex.

Wang Jingwei was arrested for failed assassination. According to the law, he should have been sentenced to death, but he was later sentenced to life imprisonment. After Wuchang Uprising, the Qing court was forced to release political prisoners, and Wang was also released. In prison, he wrote a poem: "sing Yan generously and be a Chu prisoner calmly;" Draw a knife quickly and live up to the young head. "However, this poem has been forgotten because of the insecurity of the later festivals!

Wang narrowly escaped death and was lucky to be free, but his original personality was strengthened after he was released from prison.

First, after all, a person's life is only once, and it is inevitable that he will cherish the second life, be afraid of losing it, and cultivate the mood of loving death and fearing death. At the thought of being caught, there will be a feeling of "don't look back at Yantai, Jingzhen is scattered in the city".

Second, gratitude for the clean room is inevitable. He once said: It was Prince Su who saved my life. Whenever I recall this time, I always think of this great politician in the late Qing Dynasty. (Note: quoted from the text "Biography of Wang Jingwei", page 26. )

Third, he is still a revolutionary, and his original intention of supporting Sun Yat-sen has not changed.

As a result, he was caught in a dilemma and had a low and negative mood. There is a statement in the poem that "why stir-fry tofu", which produces the psychology of compromise.

19 1 1 year1month, Wang Jingwei and Yang Du organized a "State Council" instead of fighting with the Qing court. Then, he organized a "German Association", claiming to be lofty and not talking about politics. 19 12 went to France in August, which showed that he was tired of domestic revolutionary activities. During the "Second Revolution", Wang returned to China and advocated mediating between the two sides, seeking perfection from Yuan and giving up his revolutionary post. After the "Second Revolution", his cowardly and self-abased character further developed, and he entered what he called a "short break" and wandered in Europe and America several times. "He is engaged in literary work and translated many poems at one time", mostly poems that are afraid of contradictions, avoid struggle and indulge in landscapes. The domestic political situation is changing, and Sun Yat-sen is fighting to the death with Yuan Shikai. Wang has never heard of it in France. Its negative depression can be seen from this. It was not until 19 17 that Sun tried to protect the dharma for the first time that he returned to China and France. 1920 10 was summoned by sun, and then returned to China to participate in the second protection of the law led by sun, breaking the negative situation and rejoining the revolutionary torrent led by sun yat-sen.

In short, after the assassination, Wang's cowardice, inferiority and indecision developed and became his post-restraint in the later revolutionary process.