How can I make the first-grade children write well?

I am deeply touched by Jishang Lu's article "Words are like people", and students' writing is like a painting symbol. Teacher Lu said that less than 5% of students corrected their compositions in the junior high school exam last year. Some students type quickly on the computer. Once written, it is almost indistinguishable like a spider crawling. In real life, they can write a good hand. Writing with clear and neat handwriting is easier to get high marks, because the marking teacher is in a good mood and the starting point of grading is naturally higher. Educator Cai believes that calligraphy is an important part of China culture. If teenagers don't even pay attention to their own fonts, they can't be expected to inherit and carry forward China's calligraphy art. Therefore, she called for explaining the meaning of writing to children in the process of education. In the stage of basic education, it should be strictly required. The whole society should pay attention to the decline of teenagers' writing and strengthen the basic and skill training of students' Chinese writing. The first volume of the compulsory education curriculum standard experimental textbook "Chinese" published by People's Education Press requires that there are 100 characters that can be written, which are arranged according to the rules of Chinese characters. Students are required to master the basic strokes and stroke order rules of Chinese characters and write correctly and beautifully.

First, set a good example for students.

1, imperceptibly, silently guide

One of teachers' professional ethics is to be strict with themselves and be a teacher. Teachers have the characteristics of role models, and their role models have a special influence on students. "They are upright and do things without orders, but they are not upright, although they do not obey orders." Teachers lead by example and provide silent guidance to students. Usually, when writing and correcting homework on the blackboard, we should pay attention to the writing posture, pen holding posture and good word arrangement. Students should be shown correct Chinese characters. Students have strong psychological characteristics of "learning from teachers" and imitation. Every move, word and deed of a teacher may become the object of imitation by students. In individual counseling, you can put down the teacher's shelf, walk up to the students, hold the students' handwriting, let the students watch the teacher write and let the teacher turn himself into a mirror invisibly. Not only can you pay attention to your writing posture,

2, exchange roles, from passive to active.

Sometimes a new teacher-student relationship can be created. In class, the roles of teachers and students can be interchanged, so that teachers and students can interact. In the usual writing teaching, I also try to make students always interested in writing. Sometimes I am a teacher, guiding them to write, and sometimes I let my students be teachers, and I am their students. At this time, the students are very happy and eager to be my teachers. But I am a student. Sometimes I write my words in the upper part, sometimes my words are crooked, and sometimes my strokes are upside down. "Little teachers" can be serious and correct them one by one. It was not until I wrote that sentence in Tian Zige that I cried excitedly, "Yes, yes, you are great!" " In this novel learning method, students become more active in learning, and the relationship between teachers and students becomes more harmonious and democratic. For example, when students practice writing, there are always students who call me when they encounter difficult words. "Teacher Wen, I can't write this word. Can you teach me? " At the moment, I always hold his or her little hand and teach them to write every stroke and every painting. Every time I hold those warm little hands, I will be touched inexplicably, because at this moment, my classmates regard me not only as a teacher, but also as a trustworthy friend. They are no longer afraid of the "dignity of teachers" in the past, but they look forward to my help.

3. Take care of differences and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.

In addition, in writing teaching, we should take care of students' cognitive differences, make students interact and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. Because the freshmen just entered the school, there are differences in age and preschool foundation. Some words are not all unfamiliar to some students. They can not only recognize but also write. I let them be "little teachers" and teach them to write. While teaching other students, these "little teachers" have also experienced.

Second, pay attention to the optimization of learning process.

Psychological research has proved that learning is a process in which learners mobilize their eyes, ears, mouth, brain, hands and other body organs to know new things and master new knowledge. In this process, eyes, ears, mouth, brain and hands all have their unique functions. Only when these organs work together can we achieve the best learning effect. Reading and writing is also a learning process. This process is arranged reasonably and words can be remembered quickly. Even if you write it many times, it may not be useful. Teachers who often teach junior students will find that students who master and write beautifully are often not those who are particularly smart and good at mathematics, but those who have a good learning attitude, are interested in Chinese and are particularly active in class. What these students have in common is that they can observe and comment. When a new word appears, they can see the strokes, structure and position of each part of the word more accurately. They can speak the memory method fluently. In this way, they can impress new words in their minds in a short time and keep them for a long time. However, some students do not participate in this learning process, and only rely on mechanical copying over and over again to strengthen their memory. Even if they remember it at that time, they will forget it in a few days. Therefore, the teaching of literacy and writing must focus on the optimization of the learning process.

1, combine "seeing" with "writing" and pay attention to the observation process.

Cognition always rises from sensibility to rationality. Without a rich perceptual foundation, it is impossible to consciously sum up the rules, thus improving the level of literacy and writing.

(1) Learn to observe Tian Zige's model words.

Tian Zige's characters are role models for students to learn and imitate. We should guide students to carefully observe the strokes, structures and positions of various parts of these Chinese characters, and try to remember them.

(2) Learn to compare and observe, and be able to distinguish the nuances of similar people by yourself.

Be able to distinguish the nuances of similar people by yourself.

This is the key for students to learn Chinese characters well. Students' typos mainly lie in words with similar glyphs and many strokes. In order to reduce such mistakes, it is necessary to cultivate students' keen observation. For example, the strokes of the words "Wei" and "Mei" are the same, and the only difference is the length of the two horizontal lines. If you don't guide students to observe carefully and draw a conclusion, you will definitely not be interested. On the contrary, the teacher does not talk about it, but guides the students to find out the differences through careful observation and tell everyone the results of their respective observations. Out of a strong desire to express, most students will be very involved and the effect will be better.

(3) carefully observe the teacher's model essay.

The teacher's model essay is the most direct guidance. To guide students to see clearly the writing of each stroke, try to write it like this. This is not only a process of guiding writing, but also a process of consolidating literacy achievements.

(4) carefully observe students' writing and learn to evaluate?

Evaluation is a very difficult and important learning process. To make a correct evaluation, it must be based on observation. Only when observation is in place can evaluation be appropriate and self-improvement be achieved.

2. Combine "brain thinking" with "handwriting" and pay attention to the thinking process.

Remember a Chinese character

No matter what you do, be careful, and remember words and write carefully. We should be good at guiding students through brain processing, linking the observed glyphs with life experience and existing knowledge, getting the best memory method and storing it in the brain. Here, we should pay special attention to the connection with life experience. After this connection, words will be firmly remembered. For example, under the word "spring" is the word "day". Some children will always write "eyes" if we guide them to think about the characteristics of spring (spring, sunny, warm weather, and plants begin to grow) before memorizing the characters. You see, under the word "spring" is-(day), and the sky is-(day). In this way, the error rate of students will be greatly reduced. You can use many pictophonetic characters. The words beside the wooden characters are related to trees, and so on. In teaching, students should not only be satisfied with memorizing glyphs by disassembling and replacing parts, but also guide students to actively contact life experience and play the role of thinking.

(2) actively sum up the law.

We should always guide students to sort out the words they have learned and get regular things, on the one hand, to prevent forgetting, on the other hand, to lay a foundation for learning similar new words in the future and improve their reading and writing ability. There are many regular things in Chinese characters, such as the laws of pictophonetic characters; Writing, such as hand holding, wooden holding, three-point water, etc. , basically occupying the same position and writing. We should always help students organize and guide them to draw inferences from others, and constantly improve their ability of independent literacy.

3, "oral" and "handwriting" combined, pay attention to the expression process.

Expression is a weak link for primary school students, because there are several processes to go through. First, expression should be based on observation. Without the observed appearance, expression cannot be carried out. Second, expression should be based on thinking. Without the processing and arrangement of thinking, expression cannot be comprehensive and organized. Finally, language is a clear form of expression. With the basis of observation and thinking, it depends on whether you can speak. Therefore, if you don't express well, you may not master it well, but if you express well, you must master it well. In the teaching of literacy and writing, we often ignore the function of expression, which is one of the main reasons for the failure of literacy teaching. In the teaching of literacy and writing, we can train students from these aspects.

(1) Fang Shuozi

Tell me how I remember this word (changing parts, disassembling parts, counting strokes, connecting with life experience ...). When I say it, I hope students follow a certain format. For example, I want students to say: I remember this word by disassembling parts. There is a hand on the left and a handful of rice on the right. This is Tian Zi. Rice refers to seeds. In spring, we scatter seeds in the ground by hand.

(2) evaluation?

Evaluation mainly refers to commenting on other people's memory methods and written words with their own knowledge and experience. This requires students not only to listen carefully to other people's speeches, but also to compare and sort out their own conclusions and express them. The process of listening, comparing, sorting and expressing is all learning, and it is naturally impressive to let the same word act on the brain repeatedly.

(3) Speaking and writing?

Tell me where this word is located in Tian Zige, where each stroke and component is written, and what to pay attention to when writing. This is not only a process of guiding writing, but also a process of consolidating literacy achievements.

Third, teach students the methods and skills of writing.

1, basic strokes.

Every word is made up of basic strokes. Therefore, to write a word well, it is necessary to write every basic stroke well, and each stroke has to go through several processes: starting, transporting and collecting. In the first grade Chinese teaching, students should be given strict guidance on strokes while mastering the basic strokes, so that students can lay a solid foundation and make a good start for writing teaching in the future.

2. The radical of this word.

Most Chinese characters have their own radicals, and the writing of these radicals has its own characteristics and laws. Mastering the writing methods of these radicals can be applied to words with these radicals, making the structural arrangement of words more reasonable.

3. Word structure.

Chinese characters have various structures. Because all the new words of junior students are written in Tian Zi Ge Li, students can be asked to learn writing well with Tian Zige's help. The physical characteristics of Chinese characters are squareness, fewer words, and the largest number of words in left and right structures. The left and right radicals are different in height and width, so we should pay attention to the specific classification, such as: left narrow and right wide, left narrow and right narrow. The left and right are the same. Also pay attention to the length and width of each part of the left, middle and right structure. The upper and lower structure, enclosing structure and special structure of Chinese characters have various changes in the height and width of radicals, so students should be reminded to pay attention to them in teaching. In every writing, I always ask students to do "three obedience", that is, from the eyes, from the hands and from the heart. First of all, let students observe the structure of Tian Zige's neologisms, and make clear the proportion and accurate position of each part of Tian Zi's word formation. This kind of guidance requires teachers to spend a certain amount of time, repeat training, and insist on training according to the difficulty of fonts, so that students can master fonts slowly, and finally leave Tian Zige to arrange the structure of words. Students can write stroke by stroke, that is, by hand. The writing should be standardized and accurate, and compared with the model essay. At the same time, you should also pay attention, that is, concentrate. In this respect, you can also talk about some calligraphers' experiences, so that students can understand that it is necessary to be calm and calm, and have a general grasp of the structure and shape of words in their hearts and a basic understanding of the laws of writing.

Fourth, cultivate students' interest in writing.

Writing can't be done overnight, the key is perseverance. In order to make active children like writing and develop good writing habits, we must pay attention to the cultivation of students' interest in writing. Interest is the best teacher, especially junior students. They can do whatever they like for a long time and have a good effect. According to the age characteristics of junior students, I use the following methods to cultivate interest.

1, lively and interesting stories to encourage.

Pupils love listening to stories and telling them. Through vivid stories, let them understand the truth and learn knowledge, thus triggering their love for Chinese characters.

(1) The story of the ancients learning calligraphy. Wang Xizhi's story of "learning calligraphy in Linchi" every day, the story of Qingshui Lake becoming "Mo Chi" and the story of Zhong You calf entering the mountains to learn calligraphy during the Three Kingdoms period made them learn to be diligent; The story of Yue Fei practicing calligraphy in the sand made them learn to strive for self-improvement ... The story of the ancients' diligent study and hard practice aroused students' interest and was a vivid teaching material for practicing calligraphy.

(2) stories that can inspire national pride. In order to make students understand that China's calligraphy is the crystallization and treasure of China's splendid culture for thousands of years, we should seize the opportunity to inspire children's national pride by praising China's calligraphy by international friends and telling China's calligraphy by celebrities in writing teaching, so that they can understand that calligraphy is a unique art of our nation, and it is our duty to inherit and carry forward national culture.

(3) Explain the meaning of Chinese characters and write short stories. In order to arouse students' interest in reading and loving Chinese characters, when analyzing the structure of Chinese characters, write short stories to tell students, especially some pictographic characters and Chinese characters they know, so that students can explore Chinese characters curiously in an active and relaxed classroom atmosphere.

2. Various forms of competitive incentives.

Competition can not only arouse students' enthusiasm for practicing calligraphy, but also cultivate students' good sense of competition and collective consciousness of cooperation among students.

(1) star production industry. Every time the homework is approved, I ask the students to compare the written words with the model essay and the last homework, and give them to the corresponding red stars. Regular summary and evaluation, students with more than 8 red stars get a small red flower. At the end of the term, the star's homework will be judged and rewarded.

(2) Group stage. Each writing class is divided into groups for writing competition (including writing posture). The winning team each got a "small animal".

(3) individual competition. There is a writing competition in each unit, and the top three students are on display in the study park. The student who won the progress prize got a "small animal". In addition, students are encouraged to actively participate in various calligraphy competitions organized inside and outside the school, so that students can see their progress and enhance their self-confidence.

Five, Qi Xin, strict requirements.

It is not easy to form good writing habits. The formation of students' habits is a process of continuous accumulation and spiral rise. Therefore, good writing habits cannot be achieved in a few writing classes. We extend students' writing from the classroom to life, requiring students to be the same inside and outside the classroom, and often publicize the importance of cultivating students' good writing habits to parents, requiring parents to actively cooperate and work with teachers. Students' homework can be carefully checked every time. Teachers also report the students' recent writing situation to parents in time, and ask parents to care about and help students learn Chinese characters. The variability of junior students is still relatively large, so we should continue to work hard to strengthen the cultivation of students' good writing habits and let them truly master the ability to write Chinese characters correctly.