When Russia took Sakhalin Island, Qianlong was still in power. Why didn't Qianlong take care of it?

Tsarist Russia invaded Sakhalin Island in Jiaqing, not Qianlong. Many articles on the Internet say that Russia annexed the whole Sakhalin Island during the Qianlong period, but the Qianlong emperor didn't know it. This is typical nonsense. Because there is no information to support this statement.

In fact, during the Qianlong period, a country did occupy Sakhalin Island, but this country was not Russia, but the Japanese shogunate.

Firstly, it introduces the management of Sakhalin Island in Qing Dynasty and the understanding of Sakhalin Island by Qing emperors.

Sakhalin Island is equivalent to two islands in Taiwan Province Province, but it has a small population, which is a typical area with a vast territory and a sparsely populated area. Many people say that the Qing court did not know the existence of Sakhalin Island. Here, we refute the statement that the Qing court knew the existence of Sakhalin Island.

Because according to the records of Qing dynasty literature, the number of residents on Sakhalin Island is statistical. According to the statistics of the yamen, the deputy governor of the three surnames, which governs Sakhalin Island, as of the tenth year of Yongzheng, the aborigines of Sakhalin Island were divided into two ethnic groups:

There are 148 families in the north of Sakhalin Island, which are divided into 6 surnames. There are even fewer people living in the southern part of Sakhalin Island, with only 17 households. The combined population of Kupage Fayaka and Kupage people exceeds 1000. If the lower reaches of Heilongjiang, that is, the mainland indigenous people across the sea from Sakhalin Island, are included, there are about 2,000 households, with a population of 1 10,000.

However, the purpose of the Qing court's census of Sakhalin residents was not to manage the island, but to determine the specific amount of tribute paid by Sakhalin residents to the court every year. Because residents on the island can hunt minks, every household on the island pays tribute to the court every year.

Therefore, the statistics of the Qing court on Sakhalin aborigines are actually inaccurate. The Qing court only counted the number of households who paid tribute to the court on the island, and those who did not pay tribute naturally did not count.

The Qing court not only counted the number of residents in Sakhalin Island, but also registered their marriages. Involved in the relationship between the Qing court and the island residents.

Before the Qing Dynasty ceded Outer Manchuria, the indigenous tribes in Outer Manchuria (including Sakhalin Island) were closely related to Manchu. After all, Guanwai is the land of Longxing in the Qing Dynasty, which belongs to the back garden of the Qing court.

In order to consolidate the rear area and prevent the backyard from catching fire, the Qing court encouraged the indigenous people of Outer Manchuria to intermarry with Manchu, and even married the imperial clan daughter.

Especially in the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, this political marriage reached its peak. Although the imperial women married by the Qing court were not of real royal descent, they were all ordinary women, mostly slave-worshippers of the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty. But even so, the requirements for marriage are very high, because every marriage must be approved by the emperor himself. After the wedding was confirmed, the indigenous people of Sakhalin Island came to Beijing to get married, and the Qing court would send an ox cart and two officers and men to escort them along the way, with all the food included. After arriving in Beijing, there will be no banquet in Beijing. To show the court's love and attention to the people in Northeast China.

It can be seen that the Qing court attached importance to the northeast region. Someone on the Internet said that Emperor Qianlong didn't know Sakhalin Island. It was just a question of opening his mouth. Gan Long may not know the specific situation of Sakhalin Island, but it is a bit excessive to say that he doesn't know Sakhalin Island.

After talking about the relationship between the Qing Dynasty and Sakhalin Island, let's talk about the occupation of Sakhalin Island by Japan and Russia. In fact, Russia did not know the existence of Sakhalin Island at first. When the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu was signed, the Qing court did not say that the Russian expedition had never been to this island, so Russia never knew there was Sakhalin Island.

Twenty years after the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, Emperor Kangxi sent three Jesuit monks to survey the territory of the whole country. At this time, these Jesuits from the west knew that there was a big island at the mouth of Heilongjiang. However, the measurement results of the Qing Dynasty were kept secret from westerners. So the Russians don't know the specific situation of Sakhalin Island.

About three years after Qianlong, a Russian lieutenant, Xipan Burke, who was in charge of exploring Japanese routes, learned about Sakhalin Island from Japanese Xiayi people. Only then did the Russian people understand the specific location of sakhalin island. However, the details of sakhalin island are still unknown to the Russian people. About fifty years later, the French navigator La Perus surveyed the estuary of Heilongjiang and Sakhalin Island. After his survey data was seen by the Russian people, Russia learned about the specific situation of Sakhalin Island. But it has been 53 years since Qianlong.

In a.d. 1799, Qianlong died. This year, Russia approved the establishment of a "Russian-American company". The task of this company is to consolidate Russia's territory in the North Pacific and seize the Heilongjiang River estuary and Sakhalin Island. Seven years later, on 1806 10/0 10, Khvostov, an officer of Russian and American companies, led a Russian fleet to attack the Japanese shogunate's sakhalin island tax office in Kutan, the southern tip of sakhalin island, and burned down the shogunate's warehouse. Then brazenly announced that Sakhalin Island would be owned by Russia.

The next year, it was learned by the edo shogunate. So the shogunate sent representatives to Sakhalin Island and ordered Sendai and Huijin to send troops to Sakhalin Island to drive away the Russians. Finally, the Russians were driven away by the shogunate.

Speaking of which, some people may be confused. Isn't Sakhalin Island from China? Why are the Japanese the first opponent of Russia after landing on Sakhalin Island? Where is the Qing court?

To solve this problem, we must first pull the Japanese out.

As early as the Emperor Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty, Maehiro Matsushita, a vassal of the Japanese shogunate, knew about Sakhalin Island. Then, why did the Japanese shogunate know Sakhalin Island in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties? In fact, the reason is very simple-because Hokkaido, Japan is very close to the southernmost tip of Sakhalin Island! When the weather is fine, you can see Sakhalin Island with your eyes when standing in the Zonggu Strait in Hokkaido. Sakhalin Island was discovered the first time after the Japanese shogunate pacified Hokkaido.

Therefore, as early as the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, the Japanese shogunate discovered Sakhalin Island, and sent people to Sakhalin Island for many times to investigate the local customs, and then set up temporary fishermen's houses on the island to trade fur with the local Ainu indigenous people. Sakhalin Island is very large (two islands in Taiwan Province Province), with few residents (/kloc-more than 0/000 people), and the Qing court did not manage it effectively (militarized management).

Therefore, during the Jiaqing period, the Qing court still did not understand the specific situation of Sakhalin Island. For example, there are many Sakhalin islands. Besides the aborigines who paid tribute to the court, how many aborigines are there? These key information are unknown to the Qing court.

So when the Russians and I fought by force at the southern tip of sakhalin island, the court naturally couldn't figure out the specific situation on the island. It's not that the Qing dynasty didn't want to take care of it, but that the Qing dynasty didn't know about it at that time.

After the Japanese shogunate and Russia turned against each other for Sakhalin Island. The Japanese shogunate issued the "Russian Ship Expulsion Order", instructing the lords in all parts of Japan's coastal areas: "No matter where Russian ships are found at sea in the future, they should be expelled immediately. If they dare to land, they should be arrested or executed immediately. "

Due to Japanese intervention, Russia's occupation of Sakhalin Island was postponed for several decades. In the first year of Xianfeng, the national strength of the Qing Dynasty declined gradually, so Newels Coy of Russia no longer hid his ambition to annex Sakhalin Island, and led the Russian army to land at Kueda Point in the north of Sakhalin Island, where he raised the Russian flag and incorporated the whole Sakhalin Island into the Russian territory. Eight years later, Russia forced the Qing government to sign the Love Faint Treaty and the Beijing Treaty, and the Qing government formally ceded Sakhalin Island to Russia. As a result, Sakhalin Island was officially occupied by Russia.

To sum up, the Qing dynasty's rule over Sakhalin Island was actually a system of imprisonment. Instead of sending troops, the imperial court used tribute and marriage to win over the indigenous people on the island. But Sakhalin Island has a large area and few aborigines. And not all indigenous people paid tribute to the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the ruling foundation of the Qing Dynasty in Sakhalin Island was actually very weak.

When the Japanese shogunate sent people to set up a colonial stronghold at the southern tip of Sakhalin Island, the Qing court, which claimed sovereignty over Sakhalin Island, was unaware of it. This situation continued until the Jiaqing period, and the situation has not changed. After learning the information of Sakhalin Island, the Russian people also began to nibble at Sakhalin Island during the Jiaqing period. However, the primary goal of the Russians is not to control Sakhalin Island, but the Japanese shogunate's colonial stronghold on Sakhalin Island.

Therefore, it is wrong to say that Russia is occupying Sakhalin Island and doing nothing about it. Because when Qianlong was alive, Russia did not occupy Sakhalin Island. Moreover, Sakhalin Island, which the Qing court can really control, is actually not large. The Japanese and Russians were fighting at the southern tip of the island, and the Qing court didn't know it at all. I believe that even if Gan Long is still alive, he may not know the actual situation of Sakhalin Island.