Plants also have Internet reading. Read the full text and talk about how plants communicate with each other.

Plants can't get together to play games and watch movies like we humans, but they also have their own social networks.

I. Field communication

Through long-term video surveillance, scientists have observed that in the dense jungle, plants are swaying and sometimes even "wrestling" with each other. These are all conveying: the forest is small.

Trees will compete for the extension of roots and branches, and will the fallen trees provide nutrition for the surrounding seedlings; Vines are desperately wrapped around the trunk near them to climb up in order to get enough sunshine; Wildflowers are here.

In spring, colorful flowers bloom to attract pollinators ... the way and process of plant communication far exceeds our imagination.

(3) Every autumn, swarms of grey moths flood into the birch forest in northern Europe and lay eggs on the twigs. In this way, by the next spring, the hatched larvae can enjoy the new buds of birch trees as a "good meal". but

However, some kinds of birch have "secret weapons", and they form allies with azaleas growing nearby. Rhododendron can release a chemical similar to insecticide to drive away pests. Birch trees near azaleas are growing.

It is with the help of the smell of azaleas "neighbors" that you can disguise yourself as a poisonous azaleas tree and drive away the larvae of gray moths.

In the plant kingdom, neighboring plants talk intimately, help each other and love each other with "chemical codes" that humans can't hear. However, these invisible and intangible signals are not the only way to spread information between plants. Underground, there is a huge "organization" that has been working silently.

Second, _ _ _ _ _ _

Under the ground of the jungle, every inch of soil contains thousands of microorganisms. The roots of these bacteria, fungi and plants have been in contact with each other for a long time, and gradually formed a reciprocal relationship, among which mycorrhiza is the most typical one.

6. Mycorrhiza is like all kinds of digestive bacteria in yogurt that we often sing, but it is specially used to help plants. They are so important to the soil environment where plants grow. The latest research reveals that mycorrhiza connects the roots of many trees, and there are more than one kind of trees. So, how much can they do for plants?

⑦ Scientists found through follow-up investigation that water and nutrients will flow from overnourished trees to undernourished trees through mycorrhizal networks. Experiments show that the old Douglas fir will spread to the surrounding young trees through the mycorrhizal network.

Douglas fir saplings transport carbon and nitrogen. The closer they get, the more they can enjoy this resource and grow better. That's why scientists don't agree to clear the old trees in the forest, because the surrounding

Young trees will be supported by their grandparents through the connected mycorrhiza.

Besides sharing nutrients, mycorrhiza can also help plants share information. Biologists have found that plants can respond to defense signals transmitted in the air. When other plants are attacked, they produce toxic compounds, and at the same time,

Stimulate the surrounding plants to prepare for defense. However, when mycorrhizal networks have been formed between the roots of some plants, even if the information exchange in the air is cut off, they can invade themselves through the underground mycorrhizal networks.

Harmful information is sent to healthy companions, warning them to be careful.

Third, _ _ _ _ _ _

Another study found that plants can recognize members of their own kind, and sometimes they can work together for the same interest.

Attending once, some scientists planted two Polygonum plants beside similar plants and blue grass, and then sprayed methyl jasmonate on them to simulate an "attack" (when many plants were infringed,

Will release the chemical methyl jasmonate). Strangely, the monitoring found that the plants planted with "compatriots" did not produce toxins, but only accelerated the growth of their stems and leaves.

1 1 This phenomenon occurs because in the environment where Polygonum plants grow, lush plant communities often attract a large group of insects to have a full meal. Therefore, when I am with my "family", this kind of planting

Things will send alarm signals to compatriots, so that collective members can resist the enemy; If there are only other kinds of plants around them, then they will choose to leave their troubles to their foreign neighbors, and they will concentrate on accelerating their growth.

Survive as much as possible in the invasion.

To the surprise of 12 people, plants do not recognize "relatives and friends" by releasing chemicals into the air, and even do not recognize their relatives through mycorrhizal networks. Further research proves that these recognition letters

No is expressed in the form of a secretion, but the composition of this secretion is very complicated. In any case, this ability to recognize relatives is very beneficial to the evolution and development of plant populations, and it can also inherit excellent genes.

Pass it on to the next generation

Fourth, _ _ _ _ _ _

13 the research on plant interaction and genetic selection not only increases people's botanical knowledge, but also attracts the attention of agronomists, because these studies have potential applications in developing agriculture. The most obvious one.

Its application field is crop intercropping, such as planting two or more crops with similar growing seasons at intervals, which can help each other, such as driving away pests, attracting pollinators and promoting nutrient intake. such

Ancient agricultural technology has made some achievements in agricultural production practice.

19. Please refer to the subheadings in the first part, and put forward subheadings for the second, third and fourth parts of this article, prompting or summarizing the contents of some parts respectively. (4 points)

20. Both the second paragraph and the third paragraph of this article explain that plants have their own ways of communication. Can you delete the third paragraph? Why? (5 points)

2 1. What are the characteristics of this language? Please give a brief analysis with examples. (6 points)

Reference answer: Chinese network

19.(4 points) Key points of the answer: (1) Second, underground contact; (2) Third, the ability to "recognize relatives"; (3) Application of plant communication (Internet). (Subtitles can simply summarize the contents of each part. If you answer one question correctly, you will get 1 point, if you answer two questions correctly, you will get 2 points, and if you answer three questions correctly, you will get 4 points. )

20.(5 points) cannot be deleted. (1) Because paragraph 2 writes some general examples, while paragraph 3 writes concrete examples. (2 points) This text comprehensively and concretely explains the communication mode and process between plants (2 points).

2 1.(6 points) (1) is accurate and rigorous. In many places, some adjectives or adverbs are used to modify and restrict sentences, making the language accurate and rigorous. For example, "lush flora often attracts a large group of insects to have a full meal", and the modification of "attraction" by "often" accurately and rigorously reflects the objective phenomenon.