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Symbol of the Summer Palace: Buddha Pavilion on Wanshou Mountain in front of Kunming Lake.

[Edit this paragraph] [Introduction to the Summer Palace]

Summer Palace. The Summer Palace [1] is located in Haidian District, the northwest suburb of Beijing, which is 15km away from Beijing downtown. It is a large-scale natural landscape garden based on Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain, with the scenery of Hangzhou West Lake as the blueprint, and drawing lessons from some design techniques and artistic conception of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the best-preserved royal palace, covering an area of about 290 hectares. The Summer Palace is the largest and most well-preserved imperial garden in China, and one of the four famous gardens in China (the other three are chengde mountain resort, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou and Suzhou Lingering Garden). Known as the Royal Garden Museum.

The Summer Palace [3] was originally a palace and garden in the Qing Dynasty, and its predecessor was Qingyi Garden. It is the last garden built among the three mountains and five gardens. It was built in 1750 and built in 1764, with an area of 290 hectares, and the water surface accounts for about three quarters. Before Qianlong succeeded to the throne, four large royal gardens had been built in the western suburbs of Beijing. The four gardens from Haidian to Xiangshan are self-contained, lacking organic connection with each other, and the "Wengshanbo" in the middle has become an empty place. In the 15th year of Qianlong (1750), Emperor Qianlong transformed it into Qingyi Garden, connecting the four gardens on both sides, forming a royal garden area 20 kilometers from Tsinghua campus to Xiangshan. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Qingyi Garden was burned by the British and French allied forces. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Empress Dowager Cixi rebuilt it with 30 million taels of silver and renamed the Summer Palace as a summer resort. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Summer Palace was destroyed by "Eight-Nation Alliance" and many buildings were burnt down. It was restored in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). Later, during the period of warlord melee and Kuomintang rule, it was destroyed again. After 1949, the government continued to allocate funds for maintenance. 196 1 On March 4th, the Summer Palace was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. 10 was included in the World Heritage List. On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction. Kunming Lake

The Summer Palace is a masterpiece of traditional gardening art, with Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake as the basic framework. The surrounding landscape environment is full of the grandeur and richness of the royal gardens in China, and it is also full of natural interest, which highly embodies the gardening principle of "although it is man-made, it is natural". The artificial landscapes such as pavilions, corridors, halls, temples and bridges in the Summer Palace are harmoniously and artistically integrated with natural landscapes and open lakes. The whole garden art is ingeniously conceived, which is a masterpiece of China's garden architecture art and plays an important role in the history of garden art at home and abroad.

The Summer Palace is a large-scale scenic spot, covering an area of 2.97 square kilometers (293 hectares). It is mainly composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake, of which the water surface accounts for three quarters (about 220 hectares). The buildings in the park are centered on the Buddha Hall. There are more than 0/00 scenic buildings/kloc-,more than 20 courtyards, 3,555 ancient buildings, covering an area of more than 70,000 square meters, and more than 3,000 pavilions, terraces, buildings, pavilions and pavilions. Old and famous trees 1600. Among them, Buddha Pavilion, Promenade, Zhou Shi, Suzhou Street, Seventeen-hole Bridge, Humorous Garden, and Grand Stage have all become well-known representative buildings.

The main scenic spots in the park are roughly divided into three areas: the political activity area represented by the solemn Renshou Hall, which is the main place for Cixi and Guangxu to engage in internal affairs, diplomacy and political activities in the late Qing Dynasty. The living quarters represented by courtyards such as Leshou Hall, Yulantang and Yiyuntang are the places where Cixi, Guangxu and Empress Dowager lived. A scenic spot consisting of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. It can also be divided into three parts: Wanshou Qianshan, Kunming Lake and Houshan Houhu. The vast area consisting of the promenade, the back hill and the western district is a garden tour area for emperors to relax and entertain. Qian Shan, with Foxiang Pavilion as the center, forms a huge main building complex. On the central axis of the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, the resplendent buildings of Buddha Pavilion and Paiyun Temple start from Yunhui Yuyu archway on the lakeshore, pass through Paiyun Gate, Ergongmen, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall and Buddha Pavilion, and finally reach the wisdom sea at the top of the mountain. There are many corridors, and the halls are complex, rising layer by layer and running through the green houses, with great momentum. The towering Buddha Pavilion has eight sides and three floors, facing the mountain and the lake, overlooking the whole garden. The rippling Kunming Lake is laid flat at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, accounting for about 3/4 of the whole park area. In Kunming Lake, the magnificent 17-hole bridge, such as Changhong Crescent Moon, is reflected on the water. There is a South Lake Island in the lake, and the 17-hole bridge is connected with the shore. The winding west dike is like a green ribbon, spanning Tianhan from north to south. There are six bridges on the dike, which are slim and graceful and have different shapes. The three islands, Han Xu Hall, Jian Zao Hall and Zhijing Pavilion, stand tall, symbolizing the "fairy mountain on the sea" in myths and legends. I looked at the picture of Nongzhi, which was soft and picturesque. Emperor Qianlong once saw the living paintings of farming and weaving here, which was very interesting in the countryside. Suzhou Street, which is connected with a thousand lakes and a river, is full of wine, breezy and bustling with shops, as if it were in the Royal Shopping Street more than 200 years ago, and the humorous garden is full of fun. There are famous Zhou Shi, lifelike bronze bull, Zhichun Pavilion and other scenic buildings on the bank of Kunming Lake, which are very good. After the mountains and lakes, the clear water flows back, and Gu Song is majestic and the environment is quiet.

Over the years, the management office of the Summer Palace, with the aim of "building a garden with culture", has deeply explored the cultural connotation, vigorously promoted the protection, management and research of the Summer Palace, and established a complete protection and management system of the Summer Palace with borrowing landscape environment, landscape system, ancient cultural relics and vegetation landscape as its core protection contents. Especially since the reform and opening up, the Summer Palace has accelerated the pace of construction and protection. It has invested heavily in restoring four scenic spots, namely, four continents, Suzhou Street, Jingming Building, Lianningtang and Farming Map, and actively participated in the transformation of the surrounding environment, thus continuing the historical and humanistic environment of the Summer Palace, restoring the integrity and authenticity of the cultural heritage, and building the Wenchang Academy Museum with the most advanced garden system in China.

1998 65438+On February 2nd, the Summer Palace was listed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO for its rich historical and cultural accumulation, beautiful natural environment landscape and excellent protection and management, and was regarded as a powerful symbol of one of the major civilizations in the world.

[Edit this paragraph] [Historical evolution]

The Summer Palace, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, was built in the 15th year of Qing Qianlong (AD 1750) and completed in 15. It is the last of the famous "Three Mountains and Five Gardens" in Beijing in the Qing Dynasty (Xiangshan Jingyi Garden, Yuquan Mountain Jingming Garden, Wanshou Mountain Qingyi Garden, Yuanmingyuan Garden and Changchun Garden). In the tenth year of Xianfeng (A.D. 1860), the Yuanmingyuan was burned by British and French allied forces in the second Opium War, and the Yuanmingyuan was seriously damaged.

In the 12th year of Guangxu (AD 1886), reconstruction began. In the 14th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1888), Cixi allocated naval military expenses (raising funds in the name of naval military expenses) to restore the park and renamed it "Summer Palace", which means "protecting peace". In the 21st year of Guangxu (A.D. 1895), the project ended. The Summer Palace became the most important political and diplomatic activity center of the supreme ruler in the late Qing Dynasty outside the Forbidden City. It was an important witness of China's modern history and the place where many major historical events took place. 1898, Emperor Guangxu met with Kang Youwei, a reformist thinker, in Renshou Hall of the Summer Palace and asked about political reform. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Guangxu was imprisoned in the Yulantang Garden for a long time. In the 26th year of Guangxu (A.D. 1900), the Summer Palace was looted by Eight-Nation Alliance again. The following year, after Cixi returned to Beijing from xi 'an, she rebuilt the garden with a huge sum of money. 1924, the Summer Palace was opened to the public.

[Edit this paragraph] [Regional division]

The purpose of Cixi's vigorous restoration of this garden is to escape the heat and support her life. She took a fancy to this treasure called "Wanshou". Since 1903, Cixi spent most of her time here. Because Cixi often needs to meet courtiers and handle court affairs, a palace area and a living area are specially built in the front of the garden, so the Summer Palace is a large-scale royal garden with dual functions of "palace" and "garden". The whole park can be roughly divided into palace area and garden forest area.

Because the Summer Palace has the dual functions of palace and garden. Therefore, a palace area was built at the main entrance of the garden as a place to meet courtiers and handle state affairs. The palace area consists of halls, courts, duty rooms and other buildings that enter the courtyard. It occupies a small area and is relatively independent of the vast garden forest area behind it. The two are separated and connected. Among them, with Renshou Hall as the center, there are three large quadrangles behind Renshou Hall: Leshou Hall, Yulantang and Yiyuntang, where Cixi, Guangxu and Empress Dowager lived. Deheyuan Theater on the east side of Yiyun Pavilion is one of the three major theaters in Qing Dynasty.

The garden area is dominated by Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. Wanshou Mountain is about 1000 meters long from east to west and 60 meters high. The water surface of Kunming Lake accounts for about 78% of the total area of the park. The northwest end of the lake bypasses the west foot of Wanshou Mountain and connects with the "Houhu" at the north foot, forming a situation where mountains are surrounded by water, closely connecting the lake with the mountains. Seen from the wisdom sea at the top of Wanshou Mountain, the Summer Palace consists of Buddha Pavilion, Dehui Hall, Paiyun Hall, Paiyun Gate and Yunhui Yuyufang, forming a distinct central axis. At the foot of the mountain is a "corridor" more than 700 meters long. There are more than 8,000 colorful paintings on the corridor, which is called "the first corridor in the world". In front of the promenade is the rippling Kunming Lake. The west dike of Kunming Lake is modeled after the Su Causeway of the West Lake. The back of Wanshou Mountain and the back of Houhu Lake are towering, with elegant environment, Tibetan temples and Suzhou Creek Ancient Business Street. At the eastern end of Houhu Lake, there is a humorous garden built in imitation of Wuxi Jichang Garden, which is small and exquisite and is called "the garden in the garden".

[Edit this paragraph] [Horticultural techniques]

Wanshou Mountain, which belongs to the residual vein of Yanshan Mountain, is 58.59 meters high. The building complex is built on the mountain. In front of Wanshou Mountain, a huge main building complex is formed with the Buddha Pavilion with eight sides, three floors and four eaves as the center. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through Paiyunmen, Ergongmen, Paiyuntang, Dehuitang and Foxiang Pavilion, to the wisdom sea at the top of the mountain, a rising central axis is formed. On the east side, there are stone tablets of "Runwheel Hidden" and "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake". On the west side, there are Wu Fangting and Baoyun Pavilion made of copper. Among the green trees in the back hill, there are magnificent Tibetan Buddhist buildings and colorful glass pagodas. There are other pavilions on the mountain, such as Jingfu Pavilion, Chongcui Pavilion, Xieqiuxuan Pavilion and Scroll World Pavilion, overlooking Kunming Lake.

Kunming Lake is the largest lake in the royal gardens of Qing Dynasty. There is a long dike in the lake-Xidi, which runs from northwest to south. The west levee and its branches divide the lake into three waters of different sizes, and there is an island in the middle of the lake in each water area. These three islands stand on the lake, symbolizing the three sacred mountains in the East China Sea-Penglai, Abbot and Yingzhou in ancient China legends. Due to the separation of islands and dikes, the lake is layered, avoiding monotony. The west dike and the six bridges on the dike consciously imitate the "Su Causeway Six Bridges" of Su Causeway and Hangzhou West Lake, making Kunming Lake more and more like the West Lake. The natural scenery around Xidi is broad, with blue waves and weeping willows. The beautiful mountain shape of Yuquan Mountain and the shadow of Yufeng Tower at the top of the park are part of the landscape. Looking from Kunming Lake and lakeside to the west, the scenery outside the park is integrated with the lakes and mountains in the park, which is an outstanding example of the application of borrowing scenery in China gardens. The buildings in the lake area are mainly concentrated on three islands. The green trees on the lakeshore and lake embankment are dense, hiding water and light, showing a natural beauty near the lake and distant mountains, with the flavor of Jiangnan.

The south slope of Wanshou Mountain (namely Qian Shan) is adjacent to Kunming Lake and connected with mountains, forming a very pleasant natural environment. The lakes, mountains, islands, dikes and their buildings here are in harmony with the scenery outside the park, forming a continuous and embroidered landscape picture. Qian Shan is very close to the main entrance of the park and the living area of the emperor and empress. It is very convenient to visit and return. The south overlooks the Kunming Lake area, so the main buildings of the park are gathered here. Accordingly, gardeners have adopted a focused approach in the architectural layout of Qian Shan. There is a group of central buildings with large volume and rich image in the middle. From the shore of the lake to the top of the mountain, magnificent halls and platforms cover the hillside, forming a longitudinal central axis running through the front mountain. This group of large-scale buildings includes the main buildings in the park-the "Paiyun Hall" where the emperor and empress held celebrations and the Buddhist temple "Foxiang Pavilion". In terms of volume, the latter is the largest building in the garden. The pavilion is about 40 meters high and stands on the stone platform. Its octagonal, four-eaved and pyramid-shaped roof image can be seen in many places inside and outside the park, and its appearance is magnificent, surpassing the group and becoming the overall composition center of Qian Shan and Kunming Lake. Corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the central building complex is the "promenade" across the foothills and along the north bank of the lake, with a total length of 728 meters, which is the longest veranda in China gardens. The rest of the buildings in Qian Shan are small in area, naturally arranged sparsely on foothills, hillsides and ridges, embedded in lush pines and cypresses, setting off a dignified and elegant central building complex. Climb Wanshou Mountain, stand in the Buddha Pavilion and look down. Most of the scenery of the Summer Palace is under your eyes. Lush trees, hidden under yellow-green glazed tile roofs and scarlet palace walls. Just ahead, Kunming Lake is as calm as a mirror and as green as jasper. Cruise ships and original boats glided slowly across the lake, leaving almost no trace. Looking eastward, you can vaguely see several ancient pagodas and the White Pagoda in the city.

The river in Houhu meanders on the north slope of Wanshou Mountain, which is at the foot of Houshan Mountain. The gardener skillfully used the cramped environment of the north bank of Hebei and the palace wall to build a rockery barrier on the north bank, which matched with the real mountains on the south bank to create a landscape of two mountains and one water. The water surface of the river is wide and narrow, and it is released at harvest time. After boating, the lake gives people the interest of returning to the mountains and water, and becomes an excellent still water scene in the park.

The landscape of the back mountain is very different from that of the front mountain. It is a natural environment full of wild interest, with lush trees, winding mountain roads and quiet scenery. Except for the Buddhist temple "Sumeru Spiritual World" in the middle, most of the buildings are concentrated in several self-contained places, forming exquisite small gardens with the surrounding environment. They can be flexibly arranged according to the terrain, either at the top of the mountain, on the hillside or near the water surface. On both sides of the central part of Houhu Lake are the ruins of "Buying Street" built in imitation of the Jiangnan River Market during the Qianlong period. The buildings in Houshan are incomplete except for the humorous garden and Jiqingxuan, which were completely rebuilt during Guangxu period. The scale of that year can only be vaguely identified from the broken walls. Humor Garden, formerly known as Huishan Garden, is a garden in the garden modeled after Wuxi Jichang Garden. The whole park takes the water surface as the center and the waterscape as the main body. Elegant halls, halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions and other buildings are arranged around the pool, which are connected by curved corridors and planted with weeping willows and bamboos. The rocks on the north bank of the pool are rockeries. Flowing water is extracted from Houhu Lake and injected into the pool along the rocks through Xia Yuqin. The tinkling of running water and the sound of entering the scene add poetry and painting to this small garden.

[Edit this paragraph] [Main attractions]

Donggongmen District: In the easternmost part of the Summer Palace. This area used to be the place where the Qing emperors engaged in political activities and daily life, including Renshou Hall, houses, bedrooms, big stage and courtyards in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The East Palace Gate of Renshou Hall is now the main entrance of the Summer Palace. It sits west facing east, and all the colorful patterns are painted under the eaves of the lintel. Six vermilion doors are embedded with neat yellow doornails, and a Kowloon plaque with the word "Summer Palace" is hung under the eaves in the middle, which is inscribed by Emperor Guangxu himself. Yunlong stone carving on the Imperial Road in front of the gate, carved with two pearl dragons, was carved during the Qianlong period and moved from the site of Yuanmingyuan (Anyou Palace). It is a symbol of the emperor's dignity. The East Palace Gate is dedicated to the Empress of Qing Dynasty.

Renshou Hall is at the East Palace Gate of the Summer Palace. It is the main hall where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu sat in the hall to listen to politics and meet foreign guests. Formerly known as Qin Zhengtang, it was rebuilt in Guangxu and renamed Renshoutang. It is seven rooms wide in the east, south and north halls on both sides, with Renshou Gate in front and nine clean rooms in the north and south outside. Bronze dragons, phoenixes and ding are all beautifully carved.

Le Shoutang Le Shoutang is the main building in the residential area of the Summer Palace. It was built in the 15th year of Qianlong (AD 1750), destroyed in the 10th year of Xianfeng (AD 1860) and built in the 13th year of Guangxu (AD 1887). Leshou Hall faces Kunming Lake, backed by Wanshou Mountain, facing Renshou Hall in the east and the promenade in the west. This is the best place to live and play in the park. In front of the main hall, there is the pier "Le Shou Tang" where Cixi takes a boat. The gold horizontal plaque on a black background is Guangxu calligraphy. Magnolia, Xifu Begonia, Peony and other precious flowers and trees are planted in the hospital, which means "Jade Hall is rich". There are thrones, royal pavilions, palm fans and glass screens in the hall of Leshou Hall. Next to the seat are two large disks filled with green dragon flowers, which are used to smell the fragrance of fruits, and four large copper stoves filled with nine peaches, which are used to burn sandalwood. The west suite is the bedroom and the east suite is the dressing room. Indoor rosewood wardrobe is a relic of Qianlong period. Bronze deer, cranes and vases are displayed in the courtyard of Leshou Hall, which means "Liuhe is peaceful". The flowers in the hospital include magnolia, begonia and peony. Famous flowers are all over the courtyard, which means "Jade Hall is rich". The magnolia here is very famous. Now the one in front of Inviting the Moon is transplanted from the south by Ganlong.

Yulantang: Yulantang is a three-in-one quadrangle building, which is built in the southwest of Renshou Hall near Kunming Lake. Magnolia Hall in the main hall faces south, with Xia Fen Hall in the east and Lotus Champs in the west. The East Hall can reach Renshou Hall, the West Hall can reach the lakeside wharf, and the back door of the main hall faces Yiyuntang. The brick wall on the back eaves and two affiliated halls are isolated from the outside world and are important historical sites of the Summer Palace. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Emperor Guangxu, who advocated political reform, was imprisoned here after Cixi staged a palace coup. It is the bedroom of Emperor Guangxu.

Theater: In Dehe Garden, together with Yinqing Pavilion in chengde mountain resort and Yinchang Pavilion in the Forbidden City, it is called the three major stages in Qing Dynasty. The theater of Deheyuan was built for Cixi's 60th birthday, and it was specially designed for Cixi to watch the play. It is 2 1 m high, second only to the highest Buddha Pavilion in the Summer Palace. The theater has three floors, and the backstage makeup building has two floors. There are seven "patios" on the roof and "underground wells" on the floor. There are wells and five square pools at the bottom of the stage. When performing a ghost play, you can come down from the "sky", come out from the "underground" and fetch water from the stage.

Kunming Lake: It is the main lake of the Summer Palace, accounting for three-quarters of the total area of the park, about 220 hectares. Qianhu District in the south is rippling with blue waves and vast smoke waves, with ups and downs in the west and pavilions in the north. There is a western dike in the lake, and there are peaches and willows on it. This 17 span bridge spans the lake, and three islands in the lake also have different forms of classical architecture.

Qianshan Scenic Spot of Wanshou Mountain: The scenic spot is dominated by two vertically contrasting axes, the east-west axis is a long corridor, and the north-south axis starts from the middle of the long corridor, followed by Paiyunmen, Ergongmen, Paiyuntang, Dehui Hall, Foguang Pavilion and the Peak Wisdom Sea. Wanshou Mountain, formerly known as Jinshan Mountain and Wengshan Mountain, is at an altitude of 109 meters, facing Kunming Lake in the south, with Foxiang Pavilion as the center, forming a group of magnificent buildings. On the east side, there are stone tablets of "Runwheel Hidden" and "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake", and on the west side, there are Wufang Pavilion and Baoyun Pavilion. Climb to the top of the mountain and overlook the scenery of Kunming Lake.

Foxiang Pavilion: Located on the mountainside of Qian Shan Center in Wanshou Mountain, it is built on a square abutment, with a height of 2 1 meter. It is a building with eight sides, three floors and four eaves. The pavilion is 4 1 m high, and there are eight huge iron rosewood Optimus Prime in the pavilion, which is a classic building with complex structure. After the original pavilion Xianfeng was burned down by the British and French allied forces in the 10th year (1860), it was rebuilt in the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1) and completed in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), which is the largest project in the Summer Palace. The pavilion is specially used to "receive Buddha" for the royal family to burn incense here.

Pai Yun Dian: In the center of the building in front of Wanshou Mountain, it was originally a hall for repaying gratitude and prolonging life built by Qianlong for his mother's 60th birthday. When Cixi was rebuilt, it was changed to Paiyun Hall, where Cixi lived in the garden and received worship on her birthday. The word "Pai Yun" is taken from Guo Pu's poem "Fairy Pai Yun Shan, But See the Gold and Silver Terrace", which means that the fairy is about to appear in the ethereal Qiongge of Xianshan. Seen from a distance, Paiyundian, Paiyunmen, Jinshui Bridge and Ergongmen are in a straight line. Pai Yun Dian is the most spectacular building complex in the Summer Palace.

Wisdom Sea: It is a religious building at the top of Wanshou Mountain. It is a beamless Buddhist temple built entirely of brick and stone, which is composed of criss-crossing arch coupons. The outer layer of the building is all decorated with exquisite yellow-green glazed tiles, and the upper part is covered with a small amount of purple and blue glazed tiles. The whole building looks colorful and magnificent. In particular, thousands of glazed buddhas embedded in the external walls of temples are more distinctive. The word "wisdom sea" is a Buddhist term, which is intended to praise Buddha's wisdom as the sea and boundless Buddhism. Although the building is very similar to a wooden structure, it actually has no wood, and it is all made of Shi Zhuan vouchers without purlins, so it is called "No Beam Hall". The promenade is also called the "Infinite Hall" because there is a Buddha with infinite life in the hall.

Promenade: The promenade is located at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, facing Kunming Lake and facing Wanshou Mountain in the north. It is 728 meters long and has 273 rooms, starting from the Yuemen Gate in the east and reaching the Zhangshi Pavilion in the west. It is the longest promenade in China gardens, and 1992 is recognized as the longest promenade in the world and listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. Every beam in the gallery is painted, with more than14,000, including landscapes, flowers, birds, fish and insects, and allusions to people. The figure paintings in the paintings are all based on China's classic works.

Shifang: Qingyan boat, commonly known as Shifang, is a big stone boat named Qingyan boat, which means "Hai He Qing Yan". It is the only western-style building in the Summer Palace. Its predecessor was the release platform of Yuan Jing Temple in Ming Dynasty. When Qianlong repaired Qingyi Garden, it was changed to a boat and renamed as a "stone boat". The stone is 36 meters long and is carved and piled with marble. The ship's hull has two floors, with a tile floor at the bottom and stained glass windows and brick carvings at the top. When it rains, the rainwater falling on the top of the ship passes through the hollow columns at the four corners and is discharged into the lake through the four faucet ports of the hull. This design is very clever.

Traveling in the picture world: Traveling in the picture world is an important group of scenic buildings in the west of Wanshou Mountain. Built on the mountain, there are two pavilions on the front, one on the left and one on the right, named "Love Mountain" and "Borrowing Autumn". There is a stone archway behind the pavilion, and behind the archway is the "Cheng Hui Pavilion". There is a climbing corridor between the buildings. Because it is located halfway up the mountain, the architectural forms are rich and colorful. Buildings, pavilions and corridors are built according to different contours, and green hills and cypresses surround a group of buildings covered with red, yellow, blue and green glazed tiles, which looks like a landscape painting of China.

Auricle Hall: It was originally built by Emperor Qianlong for his mother to watch a play. It has a two-story stage. Because the ancients often compared the beauty of music with the sound of orioles, it was named "Auricular Hall". The tenth year of Xianfeng (1860) was burned by the British and French allied forces and rebuilt in Guangxu. Before the completion of the theater in Deheyuan, Cixi often watched plays and feasted here. Now, Li Ting Restaurant has become a restaurant specializing in court dishes and has served hundreds of heads of state and government. Li Ting Restaurant is a famous court gourmet restaurant. Tongniuhe shiqikong bridge

Seventeen-hole Bridge: Located on Kunming Lake, flying between Dongdi and Nanhu Island, connecting Dii Island, it is the largest stone bridge in the garden. The stone bridge is 8m wide and 150m long, and consists of 17 bridge holes. There are more than 500 stone lions of different sizes and shapes carved on the railings on both sides of the stone bridge.

Tongniu: Tongniu is on the east bank of Kunming Lake, and on the north side of the east bridge head of 17-hole bridge. 1755 is made of copper and is called "Taurus". The bronze bull is designed to suppress floods.

Copper Pavilion (Baoyunge): The copper pavilion is one of the most exquisite and bulky copper castings in China. A 4-meter-high white marble pedestal was built in Wufangge on the west side of Foxiangge, which was built in Qianlong period, with a height of 7.5 meters and a weight of 207 tons. A fan with diamonds on all sides. Although it is made of copper, it is completely made according to the wooden frame structure. There are doors in the east, south and west, four lattice doors and eight lattice windows in the north. Door and window lattice fans have rhombic lattice fan centers, and the upper part of curtain frame also has lattice fan centers, and all lattice fan centers are inside and outside.

Wenchang Pavilion: Wenchang Pavilion is located at the northern end of the east embankment of Kunming Lake in yi river County. Originally a city management, it was one of the gates of Qingyi Garden. The existing tower was built in the 15th year of Qing Qianlong (1750) and rebuilt in Guangxu (1875- 1908). The four corner corridors of the city head are shaped like a "human" on the plane, with a three-story pavilion in the middle. The middle floor is dedicated to the bronze statue of Emperor Wenchang and the statue of Fairy Boy, and there is a bronze mule next to it, which is very distinctive.

Wenchang Academy is located in the east of Wenchang Pavilion. Wenchang Academy Museum is the largest and highest-grade cultural relic exhibition hall in China classical gardens. There are six special exhibition halls in the museum, covering bronzes, jades, porcelain, gold and silver, bamboo and wood corners, lacquerware, furniture, calligraphy and painting, ancient books, enamels, clocks and watches, and miscellaneous items. Due to the specific royal environment of the Summer Palace, these artworks represented the best level of craftsmanship at that time, and many treasures were the heavyweights of the country at that time; Chen Zhan also bought some articles for daily use of the Qing court in the museum.

Houshan Houhu Scenic Area: Located in the northernmost part of the Summer Palace, there are few buildings, lush trees, winding mountain roads, elegant and quiet, in sharp contrast to the grandeur of the former mountain. A group of Tibetan-style buildings and Suzhou Street with the characteristics of Jiangnan water town have compact layout and their own interests.

Four states: The four states are located in the middle of Wanshou Mountain, and are of Sino-Tibetan architecture. The museum covers an area of 20,000 square meters and was built on the spot because of the mountain. In front of it is the spirit world of Xumi Mountain (now changed to a platform), with classic buildings 3 meters high on both sides, and behind it is Zongyin Pavilion in Xiang Yan, which is the main building of temples and temples. It is surrounded by four continents symbolizing the Buddhist world-Dongsheng Shenzhou, Xi Niuhuozhou, Nanshan Buzhou, Beiju Luzhou and eight small continents made of towers of different forms. There are four Lama pagodas in the south, southwest, northeast and northwest, representing the "four wisdom" in Buddhist scriptures. There are thirteen layers of annular "phase wheels" on the tower, indicating the "thirteenth day" of Buddhist scriptures. This tower is unique, solemn and beautiful. There are two uneven platforms between the four continents and eight small continents, one representing the platform and the other representing the Japanese platform, symbolizing the harmonious garden around the Buddha.

Humorous Garden: Humorous Garden is located at the eastern foot of Wanshou Mountain. It is an independent garden with southern garden style. Qingyi Park, formerly known as Huishan Park, was built after Wuxi Huishan Airport Park. After the renovation in the 16th year of Jiaqing (18 1 1), it was renamed as "Harmonious Garden", which means "keeping quiet and interesting outside, and making the middle field harmonious inside", and has the poem "One pavilion and one path, full of harmonious and strange interests" by Emperor Qianlong. There are thirteen pavilions, terraces, halls and pavilions in the park, which are connected with hundreds of verandahs and five bridges in different forms. There is a stone bridge in the southeast corner of the park, and the word "Zhiyu Bridge" inscribed by Gan Long is on the stone square at Qiaotou, which is based on the argument between Zhuangzi and Keiko about "Qiushui City".

Suzhou street: it is a commercial street built on both sides of Houhu lake, imitating the water town in the south of the Yangtze River. During the Qingyiyuan period, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shops, silk shops, dim sum shops, teahouses and gold and silver jewelry shops. The shop assistants are all dressed up by eunuchs and maids. The emperor began to "open" when he was lucky. Dozens of shops on the shore of Houhu Lake were burned down by foreign powers at 1860. The present landscape was rebuilt by 1986.

[Edit this paragraph] [Travel information]

entrance ticket

Tickets 1 30 yuan/Zhang (peak season) 20 yuan/Zhang (low season)

2 Half-price tickets 15 yuan/Zhang (high season student tickets) 10 yuan/Zhang (low season student tickets).

3. Coupon 60 yuan/Zhang (peak season) 50 yuan/Zhang (off season)

4. Tickets for the Garden in the Garden (no matter the off-season, joint ticket buyers do not need to purchase tickets): Foxiangge 10 yuan; Suzhou Street 10 yuan; Wenchang Hospital, 20 yuan; Deheyuan 5 yuan.

Another tip: there is a staff member renting the "electronic induction guide machine" service machine at the gate, 10 yuan/person (100 yuan deposit will be refunded immediately after leaving the park), including all the major scenic spots in the park. Please elaborate ~ ~

Business?Hours?

Peak season (April 1 to June 10 and1October 3 1)

Opening hours of the gate: 6: 30- 18: 00.

Opening time: 8: 30- 17: 00.

Jingyuan time is 20:00.

Low season (1October 1 1 to March 3 of the following year1)

Opening hours of the gate: 7: 00- 17: 00.

Garden opening hours: 9: 00- 16: 00.

Jingyuan time 19:00.

Cruise service

Cruise Terminal: Bafangge, Wenchang Pavilion, Yulantang, Paiyundian, Zhangshige, Tongniu, Shifang and Nanhu Island.

Ship types: hand-cranked boats, battery boats, pedal boats, dragon boats and large cruise ships.

Daily charter time: 8: 00- 17: 00 2. Night charter time: 18: 00-22: 00.

* * * Public transport routes

-Summer Palace Station

330 (Houshajian-Summer Palace), 33 1 (Xinjiekou Gorge-Xiangshan), 332 (Zoo (Hub Station)-Summer Palace), 346 (Fenghuangling-Summer Palace) and 394 (Liuliqiao East-Summer Palace).

7 18 (Kangjiagou-Yihe Villa), 690 (Qianmen-Summer Palace), 696 (Sunhe Township Government-Xiangshan), 683 (North Palace Gate of Summer Palace-West of Sifang Bridge)

80 1 (Qijiafen-North Palace Gate of Summer Palace), 808 (North Palace Gate of Summer Palace-Qianmen West), Te 10 (National Defense University-Lugu Bus Station), 826 (Lv Yingyuan-Summer Palace).

-"North Palace Gate of Summer Palace" Station

303 (Zhaxi-North Palace Gate of Summer Palace), 330 (Houshajian-Summer Palace), 33 1 (Xinjiekou Gorge-Xiangshan), 346 (Fenghuangling-Summer Palace), 375 (Xizhimen-Hanjiachuan South Exit), 384 (Renmin University-Yongfeng Station), 393.

634 (Xizhimen-Xiangshan Park East Gate), 697 (Caihuying Bridge East-Yihe Villa), 7 18 (Kangjiagou-Yihe Villa), 696 (Sunhe Township Government-Xiangshan), 683 (Summer Palace North Palace Gate-Sifang Bridge West).

80 1 (Qijiafen-North Palace Gate of Summer Palace), 808 (Qianmen West-North Palace Gate of Summer Palace), Te 10 (National Defense University-Yuquan Road East), Te5 (South Square of Beijing South Railway Station-Xiangquan Island)

-"The New Palace Gate of the Summer Palace" Station

374 (Beijing West Railway Station-Xingongmen), 437 (Beijing West Railway Station-Xingongmen), 74 (Taiping Bridge Dongli-Xingongmen)

952 (Dongfutou Village of Hot Spring-New Palace Gate of Summer Palace),

-"West Gate of Summer Palace" Station

469 (Lu Wu-Summer Palace West Gate)

Travel tips

[2] 1. It's best to go to the Summer Palace when the sun is shining. You can watch the wind blowing and the clouds surging and the lake changing. Standing on the Buddha Pavilion, you can overlook Beijing. Note that many buildings are beautifully painted.

2. Wear shoes that are convenient for a long walk when going to the Summer Palace. Boating is allowed in Kunming Lake.