Do you need any conditions to grow tobacco leaves? Just like ordinary vegetables, you can plant them if you want?

There are many differences between tobacco planting and vegetable planting. Please know in detail, otherwise you can't grow good things or even buy prices, which is related to your region, weather, geography and tobacco purchasing management environment. Here are some basic knowledge. If you need a deeper understanding, you can communicate further. You gave too little information to give a targeted answer. In addition, we produce a complete set of tobacco planting machinery, which can greatly improve the efficiency of planting management and improve the survival rate and tobacco leaves.

I. Environmental conditions for tobacco growth

1. Temperature: Tobacco is a thermophilic crop and can grow in the range of 8-38℃ above the ground. The optimum temperature for growth and development is 25-28℃, and when it is 2-3℃ below zero, the tobacco plant will die. The underground part can grow at 7-43℃, but the optimum temperature is 365438 0℃. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 24-29℃, the lowest temperature is 7.5- 10℃, and the highest temperature is 35℃. When the temperature is lower than 7.5℃, the seed germination process stops; Above 30℃, the germination process is slow; If the temperature exceeds 35℃, the germinated seeds will gradually lose their vitality. Generally, the transplanting period of tobacco should be after late frost, the temperature should not be lower than 65438 00℃, and the ideal daily average temperature of leaf maturity should be about 24℃ for 30 days, which can produce high-quality tobacco leaves.

2. Moisture: Generally, water is needed in the early stage of growth, most in the middle stage and less in the later stage. The soil moisture should be kept at about 70% of the field capacity in the seedbed stage, and the water supply should be stopped for seedling hardening 10- 15 days before transplanting. Transplanted to seedling stage, the leaf transpiration is small, the average daily water consumption is 3.5-6.4 mm, and the average daily water consumption from seedling returning to tree gathering stage is 6.6-7.9 mm, and the soil moisture should be kept at 60% of the field capacity. Below 40%, the growth will be hindered, and above 80%, the root growth will be poor, which is not good for the later growth. From clumping stage to budding stage, the average daily water consumption is 7. 1-8.5 mm, and it is appropriate to keep the soil moisture at 80% of the field capacity. At this stage, if there is a lack of water, the growth will be hindered, and if there is a long-term drought, there will be premature flowering or premature drying. From budding stage to mature stage, the average daily water consumption is 5.5-6. 1 mm, and the soil moisture should be kept at 60% of the field capacity, and the moisture is slightly less at this stage to improve the quality of tobacco leaves. If there is too much soil moisture, it is easy to delay maturity and reduce quality.

3. Sunshine: Tobacco always needs sufficient sunshine, but most varieties are not strict about the length of sunshine. Flue-cured tobacco needs sufficient sunshine in the growth period, but it is not very strong. The daily sunshine time is 8- 10 hour, especially in the mature period. Adequate sunshine is a necessary condition for producing high-quality tobacco leaves. Sunny days with short wave components are beneficial to improve the quality of tobacco leaves.

4. Soil: Although tobacco can grow on various types of soil, the requirements for planting high-quality tobacco are strict. Red soil is the best, followed by red loess, sandy soil and mixed soil, and tidal soil (black soil) is the worst.

5. Weather phenomenon: gale and hail weather do more harm to tobacco leaves than any other crops, which may cause serious losses in seedbeds or fields. Therefore, tobacco cannot be planted in areas where strong winds and hail often occur during the tobacco growing period.

Second, tobacco planting management

1, winter ploughing: All plots planted with yellow tobacco must be ploughed in winter with a depth of 40-45 cm to eliminate some pathogenic bacteria and pests; The second is to increase the permeability of soil; The third is to increase water conservation capacity and improve drought resistance, especially for plots with poor water sources. After thawing next spring, grab the soil and rake the ground in time.

2. Soil preparation, fertilization, ridging and film mulching.

When ridging, the prepared plots should be leveled and raked again. When ridging, the humidity should not be too high, and 55% relative humidity is the best. In the valley, the dry selenium melon mound and dust smoke mean that if the humidity is high, it is easy to cause hardening and poor air permeability, which is not conducive to growth and development. Ridge bottom width is 75-85cm, ridge height is 25-30cm, row spacing is 95- 100cm, and ridging time is 15- 20 days before transplanting.

There are two ridges at the bottom of the ridge, with a height of 5-8 cm, a height of 25-30 cm and a row spacing of 95- 100 cm. The ridging time is 15- 20 days before transplanting.

Two ridges of 5-8 cm are opened at the bottom of the ridge, half of the prepared base fertilizer is applied into the ridges, and the ridge is ridged to 15 cm, and the other half is applied in the middle, and the ridge top is 25-40 cm wide. Trough, concave in the middle, pre-heat preservation and moisture retention. Before waxing, open a ditch of 5-8cm in the middle of the ridge top, spray 98% chlorhexidine 2500 times in the ditch, and then restore the flat ditch to its original state. 50% acetochlor EC 100g, 40kg of water, evenly sprayed on the ridge center, then covered with film and tabletted. It is best to use 0.006-0.007 mm silver-gray aphid repellent film, which is beneficial to prevent leaf diseases.

3. Transplanting: Transplanting is the beginning of field cultivation and the key step of tobacco production. The quality of this work is related to the success or failure of the whole production cycle. The time should be when the daily average temperature is stable at 12- 13 degrees Celsius. It should not be too early or too late. Prevention of freezing injury is too early, growth is slow, and it is easy to happen early, but production is reduced too late. Transplanting can be divided into dry planting. No matter which planting method,100g of mixed land100kg of fine soil is squeezed into the hole, and the plant is reduced to 50cm, which is 1650- 1950. When sealing the soil, it is advisable that the growth point of tobacco seedlings is 2 cm higher than the topsoil.

4. seedling protection: after transplanting, hoe the seedlings and check them within three days. Due to poor quality, insect bite damage, etc. Replenish new seedlings in time and water them properly to ensure the survival rate of 100%.

Comprehensive control: a, two new leaves grow 6-7 days after transplanting, which is also called rooting stage. It takes 98% days to irrigate the roots with 2,500 times of hymexazol, and spray the leaves with 2116,600 times of strong seedlings with 500 times of aphid louse/kloc-0 and 20% virus A powder.

B. Ten-leaf period: The temperature rises this summer. If there is too much precipitation and the humidity in the soil is high, it is the peak of various diseases. Doing a good job of disease prevention in this period is the guarantee of a bumper harvest in the whole tobacco season. 2 1 16 special tobacco can effectively control the occurrence and harm of various gap pests and diseases, and it is more effective to spray 1000 times to kill tianda toxin at a speed of 600 times 1000 times to kill 2% avermectin 1500 times.

C. Fourteen-leaf stage: it is the peak period of black shank disease and frog eye disease, and it is also the secondary period of common mosaic disease. 2 1 16 The dosage of 600 times for tobacco is 2500 times for 98% hymexazol and 500 times for A20% powder of virus.

D. Eighteen-leaf stage: it is the high incidence period of brown spot disease and the peak period of aphids, and powdery mildew and thrips also occur at the same time. Spraying this medicine well is the last key. 2 1 16 tobacco special type 600 times Dupont Kuaijing 2500 times and Aphid Kuaike 1500 times, which can effectively control the damage caused by the gap of pests and diseases and ensure the normal growth and maturity of tobacco.

Third, the field management technology of tobacco planting

(a) check seedlings, promote small control.

After transplanting, water, check and replenish seedlings. When replanting, a small amount of compound fertilizer or quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer can be applied in the hole, and poison bait can be applied. Promote small seedlings to control large seedlings, so that the whole field grows consistently, achieving fullness, neatness and strong seedlings.

(2) intertillage and soil cultivation

Generally, intertillage 2 ~ 3 times, combined with weeding. For the first time, 7 ~ 10 days after planting, shallow hoeing, no digging, no moving roots and no covering seedlings. The second time is 15 ~ 20 days after planting, the nest is slightly shallow and 6 ~ 7cm； deep; The separation is slightly deeper, about 10cm, and weeds are removed. The third intertillage is combined with the last topdressing and soil improvement within 25 ~ 30 days after sowing. At this time, the root system is developed and the intertillage is shallow. If the growth of tobacco plants shows the symptoms of great stamina but not yellowing when they mature, they should be stuck on one side or both sides of the tobacco plants for proper deep tillage, and some roots should be cut off to promote yellowing and maturity. Soil tillage can be combined with towel tillage to weed, and the ridge after tillage is as high as 27 ~ 33 cm, which can play the role of soil tillage. If only a large area of soil cultivation is carried out once, it will be carried out 25 ~ 30 days after planting. Cultivating soil too early or too late will affect the growth of tobacco plants.

(3) Water management

1. Water requirement law of flue-cured tobacco

The law of water demand for flue-cured tobacco in field stage is generally less in the early stage, more in the middle stage and less in the late stage. Transplanting to bush trees requires less water, and the water consumption at the stage accounts for 4% ~10% of the total water demand; The water consumption from bush to bud is the most, accounting for about 53%; About 35% after budding. Soil moisture at seedling stage should be kept at 65% ~ 70% of the maximum field capacity; 50% ~ 60% of the fruiting period; Maintain 70% ~ 80% during the boom period; 60% ~ 65% is suitable for maturity.

2. Irrigation and drainage

The tobacco-growing areas in the south have plenty of rainfall, but sometimes there is drought. If the surface soil dryness is lower than 60% of the maximum field capacity, the ground can't recover water in the morning, and the leaves will wither during the day and can't recover at night, which indicates that irrigation is needed. Irrigation should be carried out in the evening or at night. When transplanting, it is necessary to pour enough water. Generally, 1.5 ~ 2 kg water is poured into each hole, and 60 ~ 90 m3 water is needed for lhm2. Under the condition of drought and early stage, the seedling stage can be irrigated 1 ~ 2 times, and the water requirement of lhm2 each time is150 ~ 300m3; Generally, as long as the soil moisture is not less than 50% of the maximum field water holding capacity at the root extension stage, there is no need to water; Watering can be done for 2 ~ 3 times in the prosperous period, and the water requirement per kloc-0/hm2 is about 7500m3. When the drought is severe in the mature period, watering can be done lightly for 1 ~ 2 times, and the water requirement for lhm2 is 300~450m3 each time. Point irrigation (plant irrigation) or furrow irrigation is prohibited. Tobacco is more drought-resistant and waterlogged-resistant, and fields cannot be waterlogged.

(4) topping and bud removal

In flue-cured tobacco planting with the purpose of picking leaves, bud picking (wiping) measures must be taken. Topping and bud removal can promote the growth of roots, stems and leaves, especially for increasing leaf weight and improving the internal quality of tobacco leaves. At present, the number of leaves left in flue-cured tobacco is about 18 ~ 22. If there is still vigorous growth when topping, 1 ~ 2 leaves can be left, otherwise 1 ~ 2 leaves should be left less.

According to the development degree of inflorescence, the topping period can be divided into two stages: topping with buttoned heart and topping with budding. The first flower hits the top, and the full flower hits the top. Topping is widely used in bud stage and early flowering stage. Bud topping consumes less nutrients and the top leaf can fully develop. The top leaves of the first flower are very weak. Long smoke can climb to the top. Topping should be done in sunny days, and the three leaflets under the inflorescence should be removed together with the buds. After topping, axillary buds germinate from top to bottom, and grow into bifurcated tobacco, which consumes a lot of nutrients and reduces the yield and quality. Therefore, it is necessary to thoroughly remove buds and become buds. Early artificial picking (wiping) buds, usually when the buds are 2 ~ 3 cm long. Buds are small, tender and easy to rub, wounds are small and easy to heal, and less nutrients are consumed, which is beneficial to leaf growth. Apply it every 5 ~ 7 days. Using tobacco bud inhibitor can save labor, improve quality and increase yield. In recent years, In-D (Primet 250EC) produced by Heilongjiang Tobacco Company in cooperation with Heilongjiang Institute of Petrochemical Technology and 33% EC (ACCOTAB330E) produced by American Melamine Company have been applied in China, and both of them have good bud suppression effects. The main methods of use are daubing and pouring cups.

(five) to prevent early flowering, drying the bottom and cultivating fork cigarettes.

L, prevent early flowering

The phenomenon that a tobacco plant does not blossom according to the variety characteristics or the number and height of leaves that it should cultivate all the year round is called early flowering. The yield and quality of early-flowering tobacco plants decreased significantly. The vegetative growth of tobacco can be divided into basic vegetative growth period and variable vegetative growth period. The main factors of accelerating the growth of cone differentiation flower buds in variable vegetative growth period are: low temperature. At 13 ~ 180C for 10 ~ 20 days. Low temperature. 13- 18℃, continuous 10 ~ 20℃. Seedling age. The older the seedlings are, the more sensitive they are to low temperature and the easier they are to blossom early.

Length of sunshine. When the temperature is below 20℃, the sunshine time is less than 8 hours.

Drought, waterlogging or lack of nitrogen. These are the reasons for the early flowering. To prevent premature flowering, it is necessary to plant tobacco scientifically, and pay special attention to the temperature when transplanting. After early flowering, planting tobacco can be used as an emergency remedy.

2. Prevent the bottom from drying out

Before the tobacco leaves mature, the leaves near the ground will turn yellow or wither, which is called bottom drying. Bottom baking will seriously reduce the quality of products. Bottom drying is caused by abnormal metabolism in tobacco plants due to harsh environmental conditions, and the growth of lower leaves is damaged. The field is seriously shaded and the humidity is too high, which is called "water dryness"; Because of the serious drought, it is called "dryness"; In addition, nitrogen deficiency can also lead to bottom baking. The bottom drying should focus on prevention, reasonable close planting, standardized cultivation and improvement of field environment.

After the bottom baking happens, pick the baked leaves in time.

Step 3 grow tobacco

When the nitrogen nutrition level of tobacco plants is too high or early flowering occurs, it is a useful measure to cultivate tobacco with axillary buds. The quality of fork tobacco is not as good as that of main stem tobacco, and it is only used under special circumstances. There are a top fork and a bottom fork. Top dressing and topping in time, strengthen management and improve quality.

Fourth, the prevention and control of pests and diseases.

1, mosaic First, pay attention to field operation and disinfection of tools, remove diseased plants in time and destroy them centrally. The second is to balance nutrition, improve nutritional resistance, reasonably mix nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and appropriately increase the dosage of potassium fertilizer. Third, after the wheat harvest, do a good job of avoiding and preventing aphids again and cut off the transmission route of the virus. Fourthly, spraying 500 times of Bick virus wettable powder, 400-600 times of Jinyebao wettable powder or 0. 1% zinc sulfate and 20% virus A for prevention and control.

2, angular leaf spot, wildfire disease. First, rational fertilization and irrigation in tobacco fields to prevent excessive nitrogen fertilizer in the later period and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Second, when spot disease occurs in the field, the diseased leaves should be removed in time, and 1: 150 bordeaux solution or 2 million units of agricultural streptomycin or 50% DT500 times solution 1 time should be sprayed every 7 ~/0 days for more than 3 consecutive times.

3. Climate spot disease. First, strengthen field management, increase the intensity of root topdressing and improve the stress resistance of tobacco leaves; Control the transplanting density, remove the bottom leaves in time, and enhance ventilation and light transmission. The second is to spray 70% thiophanate-methyl 500 ~ 1000 times solution, 50% zineb 600 times solution or 2 million units of agricultural streptomycin 500 times solution.

4. Tobacco bugs. First, adhere to the principle of "treating early and treating small" and eliminate pests before the third age (gluttony period). The second is to kill larvae and eggs, check the bottom leaves and the back of leaves, spray drugs to kill eggs when purple-brown eggs are found, and check the heart leaves and tender leaves in time to kill eggs artificially; The third is to kill 1, 000 ~ 1, 500 times, 900% trichlorfon, 1, 000 times, 50% chlorpyrifos EC, 800 times, 50% phoxim EC, and 3000 ~ 5000 times, 90% Wanling or Kuailing WP. Use drugs alternately to prevent pests from developing drug resistance. At the same time, local tobacco departments should warn the majority of tobacco farmers that tobacco diseases and insect pests should not only be prevented as early as possible, but also be prevented scientifically, and the occurrence trends and problems existing in prevention and control should be reflected or consulted to the tobacco departments in time, so as to take targeted measures to prevent large-scale occurrence of diseases and insect pests.