Talk about the natural scenery and ethnic customs of Inner Mongolia grassland?

Mongolians are mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the rest are distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other provinces. Mongolians call themselves "Mongolians". It means "eternal fire". Also known as "the man on horseback".

Mongolians should say hello when they meet, even strangers should say hello. When colleagues meet acquaintances, they usually ask "Hello, Saibai Nu". When you meet your elders or people you meet for the first time, you should ask, "Tasai White Slave." (hello).

Hospitality to passers-by is a traditional virtue of Mongolians, who attach great importance to etiquette and rules in hospitality. For example, if you eat mutton, you usually give the sheep's pipa bone with meat and four long ribs to the guests. If you entertain guests with beef, give them a spine with meat, half a rib and a fat sausage.

When you are a guest in a Mongolian family, you must respect your host. After entering the yurt, you should sit cross-legged on the carpet around the stove, but the west of the stove is the owner's residence, so you can't sit casually when the owner is not sitting. Guests generally drink milk tea sent by their hosts, and it is impolite not to drink it; The host asks for dairy products, and the guests should not refuse, otherwise it will hurt the host's heart. If it's inconvenient to eat more, just eat a little.

Offering Hada is also a noble courtesy of Mongols. When offering Hada, the giver hands it down to the other party, and the recipient also takes it with both hands or lets the giver hang Hada around his neck to express his gratitude.

Mongolian people should avoid riding too fast when riding and driving near yurts, so as not to disturb the herd; If there is a fire in front of the door or a sign such as a red cloth strip is hung, it means that there are patients or parturients in this family, and outsiders are not allowed to enter; Guests can't sit on the west kang, because the west is the direction of Buddha worship; Avoid dead animal meat and donkey meat, dog meat and white horse meat; Avoid red and white for funerals and black and yellow for weddings; Avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the brazier; Smoking, spitting, touching utensils, classics, Buddha statues and making loud noises are prohibited when visiting temples, and hunting near temples is not allowed.

On the Ordos grassland, when visiting Mongolian herdsmen's homes, guests don't have to bring many gifts, just prepare six round pancakes baked with wheat flour and several pairs of red dates. After entering the owner's yurt, the host will let the guests sit in the guest seat and offer tea to the guests. The guests can ask the host for a plate, put the six pancakes they brought on the plate like lotus leaves, and then put the matching red dates on the pancakes and give them to the host by hand. The host will gladly accept them as the most sacred gift on the grassland.

Why are these six humble pancakes regarded as sacred gifts? According to the old people, Ordos used to be six flags and six pancakes as gifts, which meant that etiquette was supreme and * * * lived in harmony; The red dates indicate that the Six Flags are thriving.

The Mongolians in Hetao area can be short of anything to entertain guests, but they must not be short of wine. Treating guests with wine is the most common and minimum etiquette for Mongolians in Hetao area. There is a special term for entertaining guests with wine, which is called "Dejila" in Mongolian.

When offering "Dejila" to the distinguished guests, only wine bottles with ghee in the bottle mouth are given, and no wine glasses are given. After receiving the bottle, the guest first applies a little ghee to the bottle mouth on his forehead with his right index finger. If there are other guests present, he also takes turns to wipe a little. Then, the host took out a glass or silver bowl to pour wine for the guests. After the guest has finished three cups, when pouring the fourth cup, the guest will hold the glass in one hand and hold it high in the other, or say a few words of blessing to the host, or sing a hymn to wish the host good luck.

This picture and text can help to understand the customs and national characteristics of Mongolians.

Mongolian marriage and love customs

(a) the form of marriage in history?

1, exogamy. Marriage system in Mongolian matriarchal society and patriarchal society. Intermarriage is forbidden within the clan, and men can only marry the daughters of foreign clans. For example, the wife of the 1 1 th ancestor of Genghis Khan, Doberman, was Hu Kailun of the bald horse department. The wife of Duanchar, the tenth ancestor, is Adan Khan from the Xidi Department of Wulianghazar. Because the Mongolian grassland is vast and the clans and tribes of different ancestors are far apart, it is necessary to propose to the distant clans. With the development of history, various parts of Mongolia are divided, and the blood relationship is also very complicated, which gradually develops to the point where the same family does not get married and cannot get married within the same family.

2. Engagement system. After the Mongols entered the feudal society, men should give their wives a dowry, that is, "more is more expensive, less is cheaper." The betrothal marriage system has become a buying and selling marriage system, with property as a woman's value. The Mongolian bride price is mainly cattle, horses and sheep, and nine is an auspicious number. Secondly, there are gold, silver, property and so on. Poor herders can't provide dowry, so they can't get married. ?

3. Married. The woman has no male inheritance and is inherited by the son-in-law who has adopted the son-in-law, also known as recruiting the son-in-law. There are two forms, one is permanent adoption. Generally speaking, men are poor and have many brothers, so they are unable to get married. Men are willing to adopt their wives through adoption. Work in the woman's house and have children. The son-in-law left his biological parents' home. The other is non-permanent adoption. Often, there is no male labor force in the woman's family, or the man is unable to pay the bride price, which leads to adoption. If he stays at the woman's house for three, five or ten years, or is still at the woman's house after giving birth to his first boy, he can take his wife back to the man's house. This is also called service marriage.

4. get married. In Mongolian marriage, the wife is regarded as the property of the husband's family. As early as when exogamy was practiced, a woman who married into a clan was a member of her husband's clan. If a wife remarries after her husband's death, she must marry a member of her husband's clan. This custom has been followed for a long time. Mongolian nobles often have three wives and four concubines. After their father died, the son inherited the title and his late father's concubine and concubine. Among ordinary people, there are cases where brothers and sisters get married. Although this marriage system was prohibited by law in Yuan Dynasty, it still appeared in society.

In addition, the Yuan Dynasty also emphasized hierarchical marriage. Nobles and civilians don't marry, and civilians don't marry handmaiden. There is also a marriage system for political purposes, such as the quota system in the Qing Dynasty, which is to strengthen the marriage between Manchu and Mongolian.

(2) the wedding ceremony?

The wedding ceremony in ancient Mongolia is quite complicated, including blind date, marriage proposal, engagement and bride price. The man takes livestock as his dowry, and the woman's dowry includes livestock, property and slaves. The wedding ceremony of noble and rich families is very grand, while that of civilian families is relatively simple. ?

1. propose. Women are 16- 17 years old, and men are 18- 19 years old. Choosing a spouse mainly depends on parents. Generally, the man's family finds a good girl and asks the matchmaker to propose marriage. The matchmaker proposed marriage with gifts such as Hada and wine. If the woman's family doesn't agree, she will return the gift money. The woman's family agreed to accept the gift. ?

2. Engagement. The general way of betrothal is that the man asks the matchmaker to propose betrothal to the woman's parents or elders, and the woman proposes betrothal gifts, including the number of Hada. Hada is usually a guarantee of engagement. The man sent Hada, wine and sheep to the woman's house. The woman gave these things to relatives, indicating that her daughter was engaged. When you are engaged in Dongmeng area, you should drink boiled wine or the girl's wedding wine to show the girl's engagement. ?

3. Wedding. Due to historical reasons, many changes have taken place in the scale, complexity and manner of Mongolian weddings. There are many differences in wedding ceremonies between pastoral areas and agricultural areas, and between eastern and western areas, but there are wedding ceremonies and farewell ceremonies. ?

4. Wedding ceremony. On auspicious days, the groom is dressed in a satin robe, with a gold belt around his waist, boots on his ankles, a bow on his left shoulder, and an quiver and a tobacco pouch with five arrows around his waist. He dresses up beautifully, drinks "riding wine" with the wedding ceremony, singers, relatives and friends, and then rides off with a fine horse as the bride's mount. In the agricultural area, a new car with a red carpet was also prepared for the bride to ride. When the wedding procession is approaching the woman's house, there should be a ceremony to light a bonfire and worship the heavens and the earth. When the wedding team arrives at the woman's house, they have to sing a dialogue before they are allowed in. The man then saluted, greeted and presented Hada to the woman's relatives and friends. ?

5. See relatives off. The woman saw the bride off and accompanied her on the road. The bride, wearing a hat and boots, rode to the man's house. On the way to see the bride off, men and women urged their horses to gallop and chase each other, often taking off their hats as a sport. After arriving at the man's home, a series of ceremonies will be held to wish the couple a long and happy life.

After 1949, Mongolians generally implemented a new marriage system, but at the same time, some marriage customs in Mongolian history were retained. Is this the best answer? Much better than yours. The best answer is here.