A brief list of historical and cultural celebrities in ancient Shandong

Who's Who in Shandong

Yan Ying (? ~550 BC), named Pingzhong, was from Yiwei (now Gaomi, Shandong). Politicians and thinkers in the Spring and Autumn Period. The handed down book "Yan Zi Chun Qiu" was compiled by people during the Warring States Period who collected and compiled his words and deeds.

Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC) was named Qiu and given the courtesy name Zhongni. A native of Zouyi (now southeast of Qufu, Shandong) of the state of Lu. He was a thinker, politician, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late Spring and Autumn Period. He was revered as the "Holy Teacher" by the rulers of later generations.

Yan Zi (521 BC - 490 BC) was a native of Lu in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and was the most admired disciple of Confucius. His name was Hui, his courtesy name was Ziyuan, and his conduct was outstanding among all the subjects. Confucius was extremely sad when he died early. Later, he was revered as "Fusheng" by the feudal rulers.

Sun Wu’s courtesy name is Changqing. People from Qi State. A military strategist in the late Spring and Autumn Period. His book "The Art of War" by Sun Tzu is an outstanding military book in our country.

Zuo Qiuming was a native of Lu. Historian of the late Spring and Autumn Period. It is said that he once wrote "Zuo Zhuan" and "Guoyu".

Zengzi (505 BC to about 432 BC), named Ziyu, was a disciple of Confucius. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, he was a native of Nanwucheng, Lu State, and was revered as the "Zongsheng" by later rulers. According to legend, there are "The Classic of Filial Piety" and "The Great Learning".

Luban Gongshu's family name is Ban, also known as Ban and Pan. He was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. Famous construction craftsmen in ancient my country are respected as "ancestors" by later generations of construction craftsmen and carpenters.

Mozi (about 468 BC to 376 BC) was named Zhai. A native of the ancient Xiaozhu State (today's Tengzhou City). He was a thinker and politician during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the founder of Mohism. Fifty-three chapters of "Mozi" exist.

Wu Qi (? ~ 381 BC) was a native of the Zuo family of Weiguo (now Dingtao West, Shandong). Military strategist during the Warring States Period. There are six chapters of "Wu Zi" in existence.

Sun Bin (about 380 BC to 320 BC) was born in Ajuan, Qi State. Descendants of Sun Wu. Military strategist during the Warring States Period. His works include "Sun Bin's Art of War".

Bian Que’s surname is Qin and his given name is from Yue. A native of Bohailu, Qi State (now Changqing, Shandong). Medical scientist during the Warring States Period.

Mencius (about 372 BC to 289 BC) was named Ke and given the courtesy name Ziyu. A native of Zoucheng (now Zoucheng, Shandong Province). Thinker, politician, and educator during the Warring States Period. His works include "Mencius". He was revered as the "Senior Saint" by the rulers of later generations.

Zhuangzi (about 369 BC - 286 BC) was famous in Zhou Dynasty and was a Mongolian native of Song Dynasty. Famous thinker and writer, representative of Taoism. There is a book "Zhuangzi" handed down from generation to generation.

Xunzi (about 313 BC to 230 BC) was famous. A native of Zhao, he lived in Shandong throughout his life. There is the tomb of Xunzi in the southeast of Lanling Town, Cangshan Mountain today. Thinker and educator during the Warring States Period. Author of "Xunzi".

Cang Gong (about 205 BC ~?), whose surname was Chunyu and whose given name meant, was from Qi Linzi. A medical scientist in the early Han Dynasty who created the first medical records (medical records).

Sishengzhi was from Sishui (now Caoxian County). Agriculturist of the Western Han Dynasty. He wrote the agricultural work "The Book of Si Sheng".

Zheng Xuan (127~200) was named Kangcheng. A native of Gaomi, Beihai (now part of Shandong). "Bianzhu Qunjing" is the masterpiece of Confucian classics in the Han Dynasty.

Wang Bi (226~249) was born in Gaoping, Shanyang (today's Zoucheng area, Shandong). A metaphysician from the Wei Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms, he was fond of talking about Confucianism and Taoism, and was very eloquent in his rhetoric. He created a style of free talk about metaphysics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. His works include "Notes on the Book of Changes", "Lectures on the Book of Changes", "Notes on Laozi" and "Lectures on Laozi", which have a profound influence on Chinese classical philosophy.

Wang Shuhe was named Xi, a native of Gaoping (today's Zoucheng, Shandong). Medical scientist during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Compiled 10 volumes of "Mai Jing".

Zhuge Liang (181-234) was also known as Kong Ming. A native of Langyayangdu (now Yinan, Shandong). Politician and military strategist of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms. His works include "The Collection of Zhuge Liang".

Wang Xizhi (303～361), named Yishao, was from Linyi, Langya. A great calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, he was known as the "Sage of Calligraphy". No original remains.

Wang Xianzhi (344～386) was named Zijing. His native place is Linyi, Langya (now part of Shandong). Wang Xizhi's seventh son. He was a calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His surviving calligraphy works include "Yatou Wan Tie" in running script and "Thirteen Lines" in small regular script.

Liu Xie (about 465 ~ about 532), whose courtesy name was Yanhe, was originally from Ju County, Dongguan (now part of Shandong). Liang literary theory critic in the Southern Dynasties. He is the author of 50 chapters in "Wen Xin Diao Long".

Jia Sixie was born in Yidu (now Shouguang). Agriculturist of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He is the author of the famous agricultural work "Essentials for Elevating the People".

Liu Yan (718-780), whose courtesy name was Shi'an, was born in Nanhua, Caozhou (now Dongming, Shandong).

Tang financial planner.

Yan Zhenqing (709-785) was named Qingchen. His ancestral home is Langya, Linyi (now Linyi City). Minister of the Tang Dynasty and famous calligrapher. There are many famous works handed down from generation to generation, including "Duobao Pagoda Stele", "Yan Family Temple Stele" and "Nephew Memorial Manuscript" etc.

Li Qingzhao (about 1084~1151), a layman named Yi'an, was born in Zhangqiu, Qizhou (now Zhangqiu, Shandong). Female poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Both "Collected Works of Yi An" and "Yi An's Ci" have been lost. Later generations compiled "Shu Yu Ci". Today there is a collection of Li Qingzhao.

Xin Qiji (1140~1207), named Youan and Jiaxuan, was a native of Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). Poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. He is the author of Jiaxuan Ci.

Wang Zhen, courtesy name Boshan, was born in Dongping, Shandong. An agriculturist and improver of letterpress printing in the Yuan Dynasty. There is "Agricultural Book" handed down from generation to generation, which is one of the four major agricultural books in ancient China.

Qi Jiguang (1528～1588), whose courtesy name was Yuanjing, also known as Nantang and later as Mengzhu, was born in Dengzhou (now Penglai), Shandong. A famous general and strategist in the Ming Dynasty who fought against the Japanese. He is the author of "New Book of Ji Xiao", "Record of Military Training" and "Collection of Zhi Zhitang".

Wang Shizhen (1634～1711), whose courtesy name was Zizhen, also named Yishang, was also named Ruanting and Yuyangshanren, and was a native of Xincheng (now Huantai), Shandong. After his death, he avoided the Yongzheng taboo and was renamed Shizheng and Shizhen. A poet of the Qing Dynasty, he talked about the creation of charm in poetry. He had many disciples during his lifetime and had a great influence. His works include "The Collection of Daijingtang", etc. He also selected his poems as "The Essence of Yuyang Mountain People", and also wrote various notes such as "Juyi Lu" and "Chibei Occasion Talk".

Pu Songling (1640-1715), also known as Liuxian and Jianchen, also known as Liuquan Jushi, was known as Mr. Liaozhai in the world. He was a native of Zichuan, Shandong. Qing writer. He is the author of "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" and so on.

Kong Shangren (1648～1718) was born in Qufu, Shandong Province. Qing opera writer, author of "The Peach Blossom Fan" and so on.

Wang Yirong (1845～1900), also known as Zhengru and Liansheng, was a native of Guxian Village in Fushan District, Yantai. When the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded China, he served as a minister of the Imperial Army and died for his country. A famous litterateur, epigrapher, and calligrapher in the late Qing Dynasty, he was the discoverer of oracle bone inscriptions.

Dongfang Shuo (154 BC - 93 BC), also known as Manqian, was a native of Pingyuan Yanci (now Ling County, Dezhou, Shandong). He was originally from Qi Huimin County, Binzhou. He was born in 154 BC, during the period of the Fourth Team. Famous righteous scholars and officials. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he was appointed as the Taijin doctor, and he often accompanied the emperor. Dongfang Shuo has a cheerful personality and loves to tell jokes and tease Wei. He is respected by crosstalk artists as the "grandmaster" of his profession.

Wang Jinmei (1898～1925), whose original name was Wang Ruijun, also named Zhuozhai, was from Beixing Village, Ju County, Shandong Province (now part of Zhucheng). He is one of the founders of the Communist Party of China and the earliest organizer and leader of the Shandong Party organization.

Ding Zhaozhong, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics, is a world-renowned high energy physicist. Ancestral home: Taozui Town, Donggang District, Rizhao City. Born on February 27, 1936 in Michigan, USA. His father, Ding Guanhai, was a patriot with a strong sense of justice. While studying in Jinan in 1925, he was influenced by the Communists Deng Enming and others, and actively participated in progressive activities, and established the Communist Party of China with fellow villagers An Zhe, Mou Chunting (Chen Lei), Li Pingzhang, Zheng Tianjiu and others. The peripheral organization "Juvenile Rizhao Society".

Li Dian (174--209) was a general of Cao Cao in the Three Kingdoms. The courtesy name Mancheng was born in Juye, Shanyang (now northeast of Juye). At first, thousands of clan guests were recruited to join Cao Cao. Due to his contribution in suppressing the Yellow Turban Army and fighting against Yuan Shao, he was awarded the title of Governor of Qingzhou. Later he served as Zhonglang General and Ligu Prefect. During the Battle of Guandu, he led the family troops to transport grain and silk for military supplies. After Yuan Shao's defeat, he was appointed General Pi, moved to capture the general, and stationed troops in Hefei with Zhang Liao and Yue Jin to defeat Sun Quan's siege. He is eager to learn, elegant and does not strive for merit, so he is respected by the soldiers.

Guan Zhong was a great politician in the Spring and Autumn Period. The era he lived in was when all the countries were standing side by side and fighting against each other endlessly. At that time, the big countries that were relatively active in the lower reaches of the Yellow River were Qi, Lu, Zheng, Song, and Wei; the small countries were Xing, Sui, Tan, Ji, and Qi. The great country is divided into two factions, one is Zheng, Qi, and Lu, and the other is Song and Wei. Small countries are also affiliated with each big country. The strength of the two factions is Zheng, Qi, and Lu. Due to civil strife in the Zheng State, it gradually declined, while the Qi State gradually became stronger and became the overlord of all countries.

Shun is the legendary leader of the tribal alliance in the late patriarchal clan society and one of the legendary ancient emperors (Five Emperors) in Chinese history. The legendary title is Yu, with the surname Yao, the given name Chonghua, the courtesy name Dujun, and the posthumous title "Shun".

Because the country's name is "Yu", it is also called Yu Shun. The people of Dongyi (one said they were from Jizhou) were born in Yaoqiu (one said they were born in Zhufeng, which is now Zhucheng in Shandong).

Zhuge Jin (174-241) was one of the main counselors of Sun Quan in the Three Kingdoms. Zi Ziyu was born in Langxieyangdu (now Yinannan). Zhuge Liang's brother. At the end of the Han Dynasty, he avoided chaos in the south of the Yangtze River. Later, he was used by Sun Quan and served as an adviser together with Lu Su and others. He was also Sun Quan's chief historian and transferred to the Sima. In 207, he was sent by Sun Quan to get along with Liu Bei, and met with his younger brother Zhuge Liang. Each of them acted as his master and acted impartially. In terms of domestic affairs, he made suggestions and gave advice to Sun Quan, which was often accepted by Sun Quan and won his trust. Then he followed Sun Quan to attack Shu. During the campaign against Guan Yu, he was granted the title of Marquis of Xuancheng, and General Suinan was appointed as the prefect of Nanjun on behalf of Lu Meng. Official to General Zuo. He was given the posthumous title Wanlinghou.

Liu Biao (142-208) was an official in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. His courtesy name was Jingsheng, a native of Gaoping, Shanyang (southwest of today's Zoucheng). A distant branch of the Eastern Han Dynasty royal family. The young man is famous and is known as the "Eight Talents". In 190, he was appointed pastor of Jingzhou. Separate territory in present-day Hunan and Hubei. Take a wait-and-see attitude towards the melee between warlords in the Central Plains. Before the Battle of Guandu, Yuan Shao sent people to ask for help. The Yang was a promise, and the Yin was neutral and watched the changes. Therefore, the area occupied was less damaged and many people from the Central Plains came to seek refuge. Later he died of illness. Chen Shou criticized him for "being lenient on the outside but taboo on the inside, fond of schemes but unable to make decisions, talented but unable to use them, and unwilling to accept what he likes."

Zhang Haidi, female, born in Jinan in 1955, Han nationality, Master of Philosophy, Chinese *** Party member, first-level writer of Shandong Creative Association, member of the 9th and 10th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the China Disabled Persons' Federation, member of the National Committee of the Chinese Writers Association, and vice chairman of the Shandong Writers Association.

Liu Yong (1719-1805) was a minister and calligrapher in the early Qing Dynasty. The courtesy name is Chongru and the name is Shi'an. He is from Zhucheng. The son of Liu Tongxun, a bachelor of Dongge University and Minister of Military Aircraft. In the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751), he was promoted to Jinshi (Jinshi), changed to Hanlin Shujishi, and three years later he was awarded Hanlin editorship. He moved to Youzhongyun, Youchunfang, Zhanshi Mansion, and was promoted to lecturer in the Imperial Academy. Served as the chief examiner of the Guangxi Provincial Examination. He was looking for an admiral to supervise Anhui's academic affairs and was transferred to Jiangsu. In the twenty-seventh year (1762), he was awarded the title of prefect of Taiyuan Prefecture, Shanxi Province. When the rank was full, he was promoted to participate in politics in Hebei Ningdao. He served as the magistrate of Jiangning Prefecture (today's Nanjing City), participated in politics in Jiangxi Yanyi Road, and served as inspector of Shaanxi Province. In the forty-one year (1776), he was promoted to bachelor of the cabinet and appointed as the director of Nan study. Next year, he will be the admiral of Jiangsu's academic administration and promoted to the right minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Moved to governor of Hunan. He served for more than a year, surveyed and repaired the city walls, eradicated bad habits, provided relief to the victims, and collected cave salt, which was quite successful. He was promoted to the imperial censor of Zuodu, the procuratorate of the capital, and the minister of the Ministry of official affairs. Successor to the Minister of Industry. In the forty-eighth year (1783), the Governor-General of Zhili transferred the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. Next year, he will also be appointed Minister of the Ministry of War and awarded the co-organizer a bachelor's degree. In the second year of Jiaqing (1797), he was promoted to bachelor of Tirenge University. After his death, he was given to the crown prince as his Taibao and enshrined in the Xianliang Temple, with the posthumous title of "Wenqing". He is adept at politics on the outside, knows anecdotes on the inside, has extensive knowledge of classics and history, and is good at textual research on ancient texts. He was concurrently appointed to the Imperial Academy three times, and served as the chief examiner of the rural examinations and general examinations for several times. He successively served as the vice president of Siku Hall and Jade Certificate Hall, and the president of Santong Hall and Huidian Hall. He also prepared and compiled "Illustrated Records of the Western Regions" and "Research on Old News of Japan". Able to write poems and poems, and good at inscriptions and postscripts. He is especially good at calligraphy. His calligraphy is rich in appearance, rich in taste and has the wonderful effect of "a needle wrapped in cotton". Along with Weng Fanggang, Liang Tongshu and Wang Wenzhi, he was one of the four major calligraphers at that time.

Yang Zirong (1917--1947) fighting hero. His original name was Zonggui and his courtesy name was Zirong. Mouping people. In 1929, he moved to Andong (today's Dandong) with his father to make a living. At the age of 12, he worked as a child laborer in a silk reeling factory. He was later captured by the Japanese as a laborer. In 1943, he fled back to his hometown and joined the militia. In the autumn of 1945, he joined the Jiaodong Naval Detachment of the Eighth Route Army. In October of the same year, he marched into Northeast China with the army and joined the Communist Party of China. In 1946, he served as squad leader and reconnaissance platoon leader of the seventh company of the third battalion of the second regiment of the Mumiao Danjiang Military Region. In March 1946, he made meritorious service in the battle to eliminate Li Kaijiang's bandits and was named "Regimental Combat Model". In February 1947, during the battle to suppress the habitual bandit "Zuoshan Diao" Zhang Luoshan, he disguised himself and entered the bandit's lair, cooperated inside and outside, completely eliminated the bandits, and captured the bandit leader "Zuoshan Diao" alive, and was awarded third-class merit. On February 23 of the same year, he died heroically in the battle to suppress the remaining bandits such as "Zheng Sanpao" and "Meng Laosan" in Naozhizigou in the north of Hailin

Qin Qiong (?--638) Early Tang Dynasty Famous general. His courtesy name was Shubao, a native of Licheng, Qizhou (now Jinan). At first, he served as a guard for the generals of the Sui Dynasty. Later, he served as Zhang Xutuo to suppress Lu Mingyue, Li Mi and other rebels. After Xutuo died, he led his troops back to Pei Renji, and later surrendered Li Mi to serve as a hussar in the tent. When Li Mi was defeated, he returned to Wang Shichong. Finally, he was transferred to the Tang Dynasty and served as the general manager of soldiers and horses. Soon after, he was granted the title of King of Qin's Right Three Commanding Army, and he followed Li Shimin to defeat the rebel armies of Song Jingang, Wang Shichong, Dou Jiande, etc., and was granted the title of Duke of Yi.

Participated in the "Xuanwumen Incident" and rose to the rank of General Zuowuwei. He died in 638 and was given as a gift to the governor of Xuzhou, buried with him in Zhaoling, and renamed Hu Guogong.

Kong Rong (153～208), a writer of Eastern Han Dynasty. Li Wenju. A native of the state of Lu (now Qufu, Shandong). During the reign of Emperor Ling, Situ Yangci Mansion was established. At the beginning of Zhongping (185), he held a high position and served as the censor. However, he did not get along with Zhongcheng and resigned due to illness. Later, Sikong Mansion was established as a staff member, and he was worshiped as the Zhongjun Marquis and moved to Hu Ben Zhonglang General. In the first year of Emperor Xian's reign (190), because of his dissatisfaction with Dong Zhuo, he became Yilang and went to Beihai County, Qingzhou, where the Yellow Turban Army was at its peak, as prime minister. In the second year of Xingping (195), Liu Bei recommended him to be the governor of Qingzhou. In the first year of Jian'an (196), Yuan Shao's son Yuan Tan attacked Qingzhou. Kong Rong ran away alone and his wife was captured. Cao Cao moved to Xuchang, the imperial capital, recruited Kong Rong as a general and became a great craftsman, and moved to Shaofu. In Xuchang, he was dissatisfied with Cao Cao's treachery and disobedience, so he was dismissed from office. Later, he returned to the Taizhong doctor, retired to his idle position, entertained guests well, filled the seats, offered rewards and recommendations, and gained a high reputation. In the end, he was tabooed by Cao Cao. He was found guilty and imprisoned.

Mi Heng (173～198) was a Ci Fu writer in the late Han Dynasty. The word is Zhengping. People from Pingyuan (now Linyi, Shandong). He is rarely talented in debating, has a resolute and arrogant personality, and likes to insult the powerful. Cao Cao was angry because he refused Cao Cao's summons. He did not want to kill him because of his talent and reputation, so he was punished as a drummer. Mi Heng then played the drum naked in public to humiliate Cao Cao. Cao Cao was angry and wanted to use his own hands to kill him, so he sent Liu Biao to Jingzhou as herdsman. Still disagreeing, Liu Biao sent him to Huang Zu, the prefect of Jiangxia. Later, he was killed for offending Huang Zu.

Wang Can (177-217) was a writer in the late Han Dynasty and one of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an". The courtesy name is Zhongxuan, a native of Gaoping, Shanyang (now southwest of Zouxian County, Shandong Province). As a young man, he gained a reputation for talent and was highly appreciated by the famous poet Cai Yong. At the age of 17, he fled the war and went to Jingzhou to rely on Liu Biao. He was not reused for 15 years. After Liu Biao's death, he returned to Cao Cao, was appointed prime minister, was given the title of Marquis of Guannei, was transferred to the army to offer sacrifices, and was promoted to Wei Guo Shizhong. In the 21st year of Jian'an (216), he accompanied the army to conquer Wu, and died of illness on the way the next year.