The Background of "7.8" Dam Break in Henan Province

/kloc-in the summer of 0/949, there was a big flood in Huaihe river basin, and there were many outlets on the river bank, which affected an area of 25 million mu. /kloc-in the summer of 0/950, the Huaihe river basin suffered another catastrophic flood, and 27 counties were affected. The affected population is 9.9 million, and the affected area is 3 10/00000 mu. More than 800,000 houses were washed away and destroyed, and 489 people died.

1950 65438+1October 14 People's Republic of China (PRC) and the State Council made the Decision on Harnessing the Huaihe River (hereinafter referred to as the Decision), which pointed out that in order to achieve the goal of radical cure, the governance policy of "storing and discharging while raising funds" was implemented, and the main measures included low-lying areas in the upper reaches. According to the management policy, five large reservoirs, such as Shimantan, Baisha, Banqiao, Boshan and Nanwan, have been built in the mountainous areas of Henan Province in the upper reaches of Huaihe River. Flood storage projects in five low-lying areas, such as Laowangpo, Wusong Lake, Jiao Ting Lake, Tonghu Lake and Nihewa, were built on the plain.

1in the middle of 950, the Central Huaihe River Management Committee was established. 195 1, Mao Zedong wrote: "The Huaihe River must be built."

195 1 April, three reservoirs, Shimantan, Banqiao and Baisha, were officially started. Shimantan Reservoir was completed in July, Banqiao Reservoir in June 1952 and Baisha Reservoir in June 1953. These three reservoirs are located in the upper reaches of the Red River and Ruhe River.

1952, Boshan and Nanwan reservoirs started construction; 1954 Baoshan Reservoir was built on Shihe River, a tributary of the south bank of Huaihe River in May, and Nanwan Reservoir was built on Yinghe River in October. Among them, Nanwan Reservoir has a total storage capacity of 65.438+0.63 billion cubic meters, which is the largest reservoir in the upper reaches of Huaihe River.

Banqiao, Shimantan and other series of reservoirs are the products of "People Governing Huaihe River" in the early 1950s, and they are the first batch of large reservoirs designed and constructed in New China. At that time, water conservancy workers in China had no experience in the design and construction of large reservoirs, and Soviet water conservancy experts provided survey, design and construction guidance. One-sided emphasis on water storage and neglect of flood control, Banqiao Reservoir exceeded the prescribed storage capacity of 32 million cubic meters and neglected maintenance. Before the dam break, only five of the seven floodgates in Banqiao Reservoir/KLOC-0 can be opened.