What is the most popular name?

Zhang is one of the biggest surnames in China, with a long history and many families. Zhang used to have 43 aristocratic families, which is unparalleled among all surnames.

Zhang's surname has three obvious characteristics. First, his surname is early and has a long history. Second, there are many clans all over the country, and there are Zhang clan relatives everywhere; Third, there are countless talents. Since ancient times, Zhang's outstanding figures have contributed to the prosperity of the Chinese nation.

Regarding the ancestor of Zhang, there are the following records in the history books of past dynasties: "The five sons of the Yellow Emperor are clear and clear, and they are bows and arrows. He looks at and worships the North Star. Because of Zhang's surname (see Yuanhe's surname), "he waved an arc arrow and was sealed by Zhang, followed by a bow. Zhang, look outside Taiyuan. " (See Textual Research on Surnames) Zhang, Huang, Li, Zhao and Huangdi gave their surnames. (See "Custom Pass")

"Zhang, Shi Jin and Jin are divided into three parts, and this is the Jin Gong who takes the word as his surname. The genealogist is called the son of the Yellow Emperor and the fifth son of Qingyang family. He bows and watches the arc stars, then makes bows and arrows, worships the arc stars, and gives his surname Zhang. This is not a natural surname. According to the Jin Dynasty, there was a surname Zhang. Since then, the Zhang family has appeared in the Jin Dynasty, so it is undoubtedly because of the word "Zhang". (See "Tongzhi". Clan strategy. Take the word as the surname ")

"Zhang is from Ji, and Zhou's ancestors are in South Korea. The twelve most popular ones are Xiangyang, Luoyang, Hedong, Shixing, Feng Yi, Pingyuan, Qinghe, Hejian, Zhongshan, Wei and Shu (see preface to Zhang's genealogy).

Judging from the above records, the origin of Zhang's surname can be traced back to the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Huangdi, five thousand years ago, and he is a direct descendant of Huangdi. Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, gave birth to a son. After the Yellow Emperor sealed China, it was the ancestor of Zhang. Therefore, it is no exaggeration to say that Zhang is a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor.

This famous Chinese descendant is very clever. When he saw the arc star in the sky, he made a bow and an arrow by imitating its shape. It turns out that there is a star named "Tiangong" in the sky, which is called "Arc" for short. It belongs to Su Jing, on nine planets southeast of Sirius. Eight stars, such as arches, and aliens, such as vectors, are in the dog and Nanchuan constellations. Song history. Heaven asked: "nine planets is in the southeast of Wolf Star, and so is the bow." He saw the bow and was inspired by the shape of the bow and arrow, and invented the bow and arrow, an important weapon in ancient times. He was also given the surname Zhang.

However, the original "Zhang" has an unnatural surname meaning. Because after the invention of the bow and arrow, before using it, the bow must be pulled open with strength, otherwise, it cannot be used. Therefore, the swing is named "Zhang". Since then, the descendants of the swing have been divided into two factions, some surnamed Gong and some surnamed Zhang, which is also the reason. Later generations of Zhang, when talking about their surnames, often interpret it as "a bow with a long beard" because of this. This surnamed Zhang, who originated from the swing, got his surname very early and is the earliest and oldest surnamed Zhang in China.

Nearly 2000 years later, about 3000 years ago, in the Zhou Dynasty, two more Zhang surnames appeared on the land of China. Different from other surnames, these two newly added Zhang surnames are also named Huangdi, and they both come from Korea and Jin State established by the descendants of free Ji surnames. In South Korea and the State of Jin, some people take Zhang as their surname, that is, "Zhang's surname comes from Ji's surname, and those who go to Zhou's surname come from Korea", and "Zhang's surname comes from the State of Jin, and the word originated from the State of Jin". In Zhang's General Source, two more sources were added. These two Zhang's origins are more than two thousand years later than Houlang's, but they are all descendants of Xuanyuan Huangdi, but they are far and near.

Regarding the earliest origin of Zhang's surname, the wave branch directly handed down by the Yellow Emperor originated in Taiyuan today. Taiyuan is the birthplace of the Zhang family in China and the seat of the Zhang family of the Chinese nation.

After the Zhou Dynasty arrived in Korea and the State of Jin, the origin of Zhang also developed to many places due to the addition of new origin. At that time, South Korea's "12 most promising people" was quoted by Jue Yuan, but it is no longer here. At that time, the State of Jin became a prominent family of Zhang's "Qinghe, Nanyang, Anding, Dunhuang, Wuwei, Fanyang, Qianwei, Liangzhong, Zhongshan, Hanoi and Gaoping". Han and Jin changed their surnames to Zhang, later than their descendants, but later came from behind and spread widely. According to "China Surname House Zhang Paper Atlas", in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang had a reputation of 43, which not only spread all over the country, but also became a prominent family in many places, surpassing other surnames. These two surnames of Zhang in Zhou Dynasty played an important role in Zhang's becoming the most popular surname in China.

In the origin of Zhang's surname, there are also elements of ethnic minorities joining. After the Han Dynasty, due to the prosperity of Liu Han, some ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Liu, and a few ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Zhang. Some people with the same surname admire Zhang's clan, but they also abandon their original surname and choose Zhang to follow. "Historical Records Zhang Liao's real name is Nie, later changed to Zhang. Historical Records Biography of Longyou also records that Zhuge Liang named Longyou Zhang in the Han Dynasty. These are all examples.

There are many branches of the Zhang clan, and the situation of spreading and moving is also more complicated. Because the Zhang family is all over the country and the Zhang family is all over the country, the Zhang family's spread and migration for thousands of years has its very complicated characteristics. Although the Zhang family has its own breeding centers in various places, its ancestors, migration time and route are different from other surnames. It moves in different places, at different times, along different routes and in different directions.

Zhang has always been a talent. Zhang Yi lobbied six countries to deal with Qin in Lian Heng during the Warring States Period. In the following dynasties and generations, Zhang celebrities stepped onto the historical stage. Zhang's "family heirlooms" are countless. The following are just a few examples:

Among the celebrities in the Han Dynasty, Zhang was among the best. No matter in politics, achievements, or academic, artistic, medical and other aspects, it is at the forefront. Sean was a minister in the early Han Dynasty. He had many ingenious strategies to help Liu Bang win the world. Zhang Qian's two missions to the Western Regions strengthened the ties between the Central Plains and ethnic minorities, developed friendly relations between the Han people and the people of Central Asia, and promoted economic and cultural exchanges and development. Scientist Zhang Heng created the world's earliest armillary sphere and seismograph for measuring earthquakes. Zhang Zhongjing, a famous medical scientist, wrote Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber, which made great contributions to the development of medicine in China. Calligrapher Zhang Zhi said, "The style of Chinese characters is a stroke, occasionally disconnected, but the blood vessels are continuous, the connected ones are also connected together, and the qi veins are also connected together, so it is called" this grass ".

After the Han dynasty, there was the opening angle of the yellow turban insurrectionary leader; General Zhang Fei and Zhang Liao in the Three Kingdoms period; Zhang Zhan Jin Dynasty writer and scholar Zhang Zai; Tang Dynasty poets Zhang Ji, Zhang Hu and Zhang Ji, calligrapher Zhang Xu; Zhang Lei, a poet in Song Dynasty. According to legend, there was a Zhang Gongyi family in the Tang Dynasty, and the ninth lived together for * * * wealth, which was praised far and near. After the news reached Tang Gaozong, the emperor personally came to visit. Gao Zong asked him the secret of maintaining family business and family harmony, and he only wrote 100 words of "forbearance" as an answer. Gaozong realized the principle of governing the country. Deeply moved, he drove back to the palace contentedly. Since then, in order to commemorate this meaningful event, Zhang Gongyi's family adopted "forbearance" as the family emblem. According to ancient records of the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, many ministers presented rare treasures for Xuanzong's birthday, and only Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister, presented a copy of the Millennium Golden Chamber. In his book, he discussed in detail the ways of rise and fall in ancient and modern times, aiming to persuade Xuanzong to remember the lessons of rise and fall in previous dynasties when the world was at peace, and to be prepared for danger in times of peace and protect the country forever. Afterwards, Xuanzong cherished his precious "gift" and wrote a letter to show off his watch. So people in Zhang Jiuling are also proud of it, and began to take "Jin Jian" as the Tang name. And Zhang Hai, the founder of Huanggang.

Since ancient times, Zhang has produced 63 prime ministers and 56 generals. In addition, such as the thinker Zhang Zai's contribution to Confucianism, the sublimation of Buddhist thought by Buddhists (common surname Zhang), and the Taoism, etc. It is of great significance. Another example is Zhang Xueliang's military remonstrance against Japan and Zhang Fulin's space exploration. It is also an important event that has made contributions in the contemporary era and gone down in history. These are the great contributions of Zhang people to history and culture.

Today, Zhang ranks third among hundreds of surnames.