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The harm of tobacco is one of the serious public health problems in the world today. A great deal of scientific evidence shows that smoking and second-hand smoke exposure (passive smoking) seriously endanger human health. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), the number of people who die from smoking every year in the world is as high as 6 million, that is, 1 person dies from smoking-related diseases every 6 seconds on average; Half of smokers will die prematurely because of smoking; The number of deaths of non-smokers caused by secondhand smoke exposure is about 600 thousand every year. [6] The gas mixture produced after tobacco combustion is called tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke contains more than 7000 chemical components, hundreds of which are harmful substances, which will cause serious harm to human health. Tobacco smoke contains at least 69 known carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, N- nitrosamines, aromatic amines, formaldehyde and 1, 3- butadiene. These carcinogens will cause gene mutation when inhaled into human body, which will lead to the occurrence of malignant tumors. Harmful gases such as nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia in tobacco smoke will cause serious harm to respiratory system. Tobacco smoke also contains a variety of substances that can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as carbon monoxide and free radicals. In addition, researchers also found heavy metals and radioactive substances in tobacco smoke. [6]

Cigarettes are the most common tobacco products. In the past 50 years, the tobacco industry has made many changes in cigarette design, including adding filters and introducing "low tar cigarettes" and "Chinese herbal medicine cigarettes". A lot of scientific evidence shows that these "new cigarettes" not only do not reduce the risk of illness and death of smokers, but will induce smoking and weaken smokers' willingness to quit smoking. In this regard, the general public should have a clear understanding: there is no harmless tobacco products, as long as smoking is harmful to health. [6]

Smoking will cause serious harm to human health, and the more you smoke, the longer you smoke, and the younger you start smoking, the more serious the harm is. Since 1964 "Report of the Director of Health of the United States" systematically expounded the health hazards of smoking for the first time, a great deal of evidence shows that smoking can lead to a variety of malignant tumors and other chronic diseases, resulting in abnormal reproduction and development, and is closely related to the occurrence of other diseases and health problems. [6] A variety of carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke will cause mutations in key genes in the body, lead to disorder of the normal growth control mechanism of cells, and lead to cell canceration and malignant tumors. A large number of studies have proved that smoking can lead to lung cancer, oral and nasopharyngeal malignant tumors, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer and cervical cancer. In addition, some studies show that smoking can also lead to colorectal cancer, breast cancer and acute leukemia. Smoking can damage respiratory immune function, lung structure and lung function, and cause a variety of respiratory diseases. A large number of research results have proved that smoking can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and adolescent asthma, and increase the risk of tuberculosis and other respiratory infections. Smoking can damage vascular endothelium, lead to atherosclerosis, arterial lumen stenosis, arterial blood flow obstruction, and lead to a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A large number of research results have proved that smoking can lead to coronary heart disease, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. [6]

Tobacco smoke contains many harmful substances, which can affect human reproductive and developmental functions. Smoking will damage the genetic material, and have adverse effects on the endocrine system, fallopian tube function, placental function, immune function, cardiovascular system and fetal tissue and organ development of pregnant women and fetuses. A large number of studies have proved that female smoking will reduce the probability of pregnancy, leading to placenta previa, placental abruption, fetal growth restriction, baby birth weight loss and sudden infant death syndrome. In addition, studies have shown that smoking can also lead to erectile dysfunction, ectopic pregnancy and spontaneous abortion. Smoking can lead to type 2 diabetes, and increase the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in diabetic patients, and affect the prognosis of the disease. In addition, smoking can also lead to hip fracture, periodontitis, cataract, poor wound healing and postoperative respiratory complications, skin aging, absence due to illness and increased medical expenses. Smoking with Helicobacter pylori infection can significantly increase the risk of digestive tract ulcer. In addition, studies have shown that smoking can lead to dementia. [6]

Tobacco smoke emitted by smokers when smoking and tobacco smoke produced when cigarettes are burned are dispersed in the air, which forms second-hand smoke. Secondhand smoke contains a lot of harmful substances and carcinogens, and exposure of non-smokers to secondhand smoke will also increase the risk of various smoking-related diseases. A large number of studies have proved that exposure to second-hand smoke can lead to lung cancer, aversion to smoking, nasal irritation and coronary heart disease. In addition, studies have shown that exposure to second-hand smoke can lead to breast cancer, sinus cancer, adult respiratory symptoms, decreased lung function, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke and atherosclerosis. Secondhand smoke is especially harmful to the health of pregnant women and children. A large number of studies have confirmed that pregnant women exposed to second-hand smoke can lead to birth weight loss and sudden infant death syndrome. In addition, there is evidence that pregnant women exposed to second-hand smoke can also lead to premature delivery, neonatal neural tube malformation and cleft lip and palate. A large number of studies have proved that children exposed to second-hand smoke can lead to respiratory diseases, bronchial asthma, decreased lung function, acute otitis media, recurrent otitis media and chronic middle ear effusion. In addition, some studies believe that children's exposure to second-hand smoke can also lead to a variety of childhood cancers, aggravate the condition of asthmatic children and affect the therapeutic effect of asthma. [6]