Who can talk about the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion?

The rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms of Wu and Chu

took place in a rebellion of a vassal kingdom in the third year of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty (154 BC). The kings of the seven countries involved in the rebellion were Wu Wangying, Chu Wangwu, Zhao Wangsui, Ji 'nan Wang Biguang, Zichuan Wang Xian, Jiaoxi Wang Yin and Jiaodong Wang Xiongqu. Wu Wangying was the mastermind of this rebellion. The lineages of the Seven Kings are as follows:

The root of the rebellion of the Seven Kingdoms is the contradiction between the powerful kingdom power and the autocratic imperial power. Political events, such as Zhu Lu's coming to power and Liu Heng's succession to the Chinese Emperor, aggravated this contradiction. The fuse of the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion was that Liu Qi, Emperor of the Han Dynasty, adopted Chao Cuo's "Policy of Cutting Francisco" and cut away the land of the kingdom.

The powerful situation of the kingdom was formed when Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang was in power. At the stage of the struggle between Chu and Han, Liu Bang was forced by the situation to enfeoffment the king with a different surname. After Liu Bang proclaimed himself emperor in the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (the first 22 years), there were seven kings with different surnames in * * (see different surnames). He eliminated six people except Wu Rui, the king of Changsha. He believes that Qin Zuo's shortness is due to the fact that Qin did not enfeoffment his children, so he enfeoffment his brothers, sons and nephews as kings in his native land with different surnames, that is, nine kings with the same surname. High-impedance and princes * * * made a vow that Liu was not the king.

in the early Han dynasty, the kingdoms with the same surname had vast land and numerous accounts. Because the kings with the same surname are close to the ancestors and loyal to the Han Dynasty, they play the role of guarding the central government, so the problem of weak branches is not prominent at this time.

After the death of Gaozu, Lv Hou, who was in power, broke his oath and made Zhu Lu king. Lv Hou had strict control over the high-impedance philosophers who were named kings, and some kings were even destroyed to death. King Fei of Qi is the eldest son of Gao-zu, and his position is distinguished. Although Lv Hou has suspicions about him, it is difficult to deal with him. Princess Luyuan, the daughter of Lv Hou and the King of Qi, made a donation to Chengyang County, and took the initiative to adjust the relationship with Lv Hou, so that they could live in peace.

Lv Hou's autocratic power and the enfeoffment of Lu as kings aroused strong opposition from the kings of Liu. The contradiction between the kingdom power and the autocratic imperial power was manifested in the form of Liu's kings uniting with Liu Dachen against Lu. Lv Hou's death, the Lv Jubing, ready to launch a coup. At that time, the sons of Qi Wangfei, Zhu Xuhou Liuzhang and Dong Mouhou Liuxing, lived in Chang 'an. They secretly made an appointment with their brother, the King of Qi, to lead the troops into the customs, * * * to destroy Zhu Lu, and the general Lu would inherit the throne. Liu Jianglu should start an army, and Chang 'an sent general Guan Ying to attack. Guanying stationed troops in Xingyang, made an appointment with Liu Jianglu, and stood by to attack Zhulu. At this time, Liu Zhang joined forces with Qiu zhou bo and Prime Minister Chen Ping in Chang 'an to destroy the forces of Zhu Lu. The ministers thought that the Bo family in Wang Heng was more reliable, and it was estimated that there would not be serious problems similar to those of Zhu Nongquan. Therefore, it was agreed that the King of Qi would be appointed Emperor Wang Heng, the Chinese Emperor.

Emperor Wen inherited the system with a high-impedance bastard, and his position was not very solid. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, the vassal kings had experienced two or three generations of changes, and their blood relationship with Wendi was gradually alienated, so they were not so reliable politically. Wendi took some important measures to strengthen his position. The first is to make all the princes go to the country, and the heroes, such as Hou Zhou Bo, are no exception. The purpose is to facilitate the Emperor Wen to control the situation in the capital and avoid constraints. The second is to make the princes king. Prince Wu is the same mother and brother of Jingdi. He was first named as the acting king, and after the death of Liang Wang, he was named Liang Wang. Liang is a big country with more than forty cities, and geographically it is in a key position to contain the eastern countries and shield the imperial court. Thirdly, Jia Yi's strategy of "building many princes but not their strength" is adopted to divide some important big countries into several small ones, such as analyzing Qi as Qi, Chengyang, Jibei, Jinan, Zichuan, Jiaoxi and Jiaodong, with the sons of the late Qi Wang Fei as kings. In this way, although the old land of Qi is still in the hands of the fat scholars of Qi, the territory and strength of each kingdom have shrunk, and it is difficult to act in concert. In addition, Xian Ang and Chao Cuo both put forward suggestions to cut the vassal in view of the arrogance and lawlessness of Huainan Wang Chang, but Wen Di did not implement them because of the situation.

during the reign of Emperor Wen, there were repeated kingdom rebellions. It turned out that although Zhu Xuhou Liu Zhang and Dong Mouhou Liu Xingju had the anti-Lv's merits, they had the intention of supporting the King of Qi to be the emperor, so Emperor Wen didn't treat them as a big country, but only let them divide a county of Qi and be named Chengyang Gong and Jibei Wang. Chengyang Wang Zhang died soon. Wang Xing of Jibei lived in Wendi for three years (the first 177 years). Taking advantage of Wendi's personal attack on Xiongnu, he sent troops to rebel, wanted to attack Xingyang, and committed suicide. In the sixth year of Emperor Wen's reign, Wang Chang of Huainan rebelled, was abandoned to Shu, and died in the Tao. These events indicate that the contradiction between the kingdom and the central government is deepening, which is a harbinger of greater rebellion. Therefore, Jia Yi lamented in Emperor Wendi's "Public Security Policy" in the upper Han Dynasty: "Today, my brother seeks for the East Emperor (according to the rebellion of Wang Chang in Huainan), and my brother's son Xixiang (according to the plan to attack Xingyang by Wang Xingju in Jibei), and now Wu sees the accusation."

After Emperor Jingdi ascended the throne, the contradiction between the autocratic imperial power of the central government and the power of local kingdoms became increasingly fierce. Emperor Jingdi accepted Chao Cuo's policy of cutting vassals, and sent a letter to cut Changshan County of Zhao, six counties of Jiaoxi Wang Ang and Wudonghai County of Chu. In the third year of Emperor Jing, he also cut Wu Wangying, Huiji and other counties. The move to cut the vassal aroused strong opposition from the kings. Wu Wangying first contacted Jiaoxi Wang Ang, the most powerful of the fat philosophers of the Qi Dynasty, and agreed that the anti-Han thing would be accomplished, and Wu and Jiaoxi would rule the world separately. Jiaoxi Wang Ang made an appointment with his brother and other kings in the old land of Qi to fight against Han. Wu Wangying also conspired with Chu, Zhao and Huainan countries. When the imperial edict to cut the vassal spread to the State of Wu, Wu Wangying immediately murdered the officials who were under 2, stones in the territory of Wu, and set out with Chu Wangwu, Zhao Wangsui, Jiaoxi Wang Ang, Jinan Wangbiguang, Zichuan Wangxian and Jiaodong Wangxiongqu respectively. Among the kings who originally participated in the planning, the King of Qi broke his promise to defend the city temporarily, while Wang Zhi in Jibei and Wang An in Huainan were both blocked by domestic pro-Han forces, and failed to arise. Wu Wangying, 62, was the patriarch of the imperial clan and the main object of Chao Cuo's proposal to cut the vassal. He sent a letter to the princes, claiming that the purpose of starting an army was to punish Chao Cuo, restore the homeland of the kingdom, and settle down Liu's country. Under his influence and planning, the rebellion broke out all over kanto region, forming a situation in which the eastern kings "joined forces" to attack Han, which was very shocking.

the unearthed clay figurines from the tomb of the king of Chu, the site of Shizishan village in the suburb of Xuzhou

the chaotic map of the seven kingdoms of Wu and Chu

Wu was sealed in the twelfth year of Emperor Gao (the first 195), when Ying Bu, the king of Huainan who rebelled between Jianghuai and wuyue, defeated. Gaozu thought that the southeast was separated from the Han court, and there was no town for a strong king, but Gaozu's parents were young, so he named his brother Liu Bi as Wu. Wu is a big country with more than 5 cities. Zhangjun County of Wu (now the land of southern Susie, southern Anhui and northern Zhejiang) produces copper and salt in coastal areas. Wu Wangying attracted fugitives from all over the world to cast money and cook salt, and the money cast was distributed throughout the Western Han Dynasty. The State of Wu is carried by ship, and one ship is equivalent to dozens of cars in the north, which has a high transportation capacity. Wu, because of its rich economy, did not levy any money in the territory, and all those who died were given commission value, so it won the support of the people. During the reign of Emperor Wendi, Prince Wu entered the court in Chang 'an. Because of a dispute over gambling, he was killed by Prince Liu Qi of Han Dynasty (later Emperor Jingdi) by gambling, which aroused the suspicion of both Han and Wu. Since then, Wu Wangying has been ill for more than 2 years. In order to win over Wu Wangying, Emperor Wen gave him several sticks and allowed him not to go to court. Wu Wangying was arrogant and illegal, bribing princes, kings, imperial families and ministers with pearls, jade, gold and silk in an attempt to gain their political help.

In the third year of Emperor Jingdi (the first 154 years), Wu Wangying started an army in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), with more than 2, troops, and also led the Chu soldiers. He set up a granary in Dongyang, Huainan, and sent spies and army tour to go deep into the Yaolu area. Wu Chu army crossed Huai River and attacked to the west, which was the main force of the rebellion. The rebels in Jiaoxi and other countries attacked Linzi, where the king of Qi was holed up, and Zhao made an appointment with the Huns to join the soldiers and commit crimes against Han. Jingdi sent Qiu Zhou Yafu to lead 36 generals to attack Wu Chu, sent Li to attack Zhao, Luan Bu to attack all the traitors, and sent general Dou Ying to stay in Xingyang to supervise Qi and Zhao. Qian Ang, who was once the prime minister of Wu, suggested that Jingdi kill Chao Cuo and restore the homeland of the kingdom in exchange for the seven countries' strike. Jingdi accepted this suggestion in a hurry and executed Chao Cuo. Wu Wangying, who was temporarily in the ascendant, thought that he had achieved the status of "East Emperor" and refused to be summoned, so the war continued.

On the road of Wu Chujun's westward capture of Luoyang, the kingdom of Liu Wu, the younger brother of King Jing, was in the middle of it. Wu Chujun broke the spine wall of Liang Jun in the south of Liang State (now northwest of Yongcheng, Henan Province). At that time, Zhou Yafu led the Han army to camp in Changyi (now southeast of Juye, Shandong Province) north of Liang State. Instead of saving Liang State, he went south with light troops, seized the entrance of Surabaya into the Huai River (now Hongze, Jiangsu Province), cut off Wu Chujun's route for providing foodstuff, and made it in trouble. Wu Jun is mostly an infantry, which is conducive to dangers and obstacles; Most of the Han army rode by car, which was beneficial to the flat land. The war was fought in Huaibei Plain, and Wu Jun was at a disadvantage. Liang also stuck to Suiyang (now south of Shangqiu, Henan), and Wu Jun could not cross it. Wu Jun went north to Xiayi (now Dangshan, Anhui) and fought in Zhou Yafu Barracks. As a result, Wu Jun suffered a crushing defeat, and many foot soldiers died of hunger. Zhou Yafu sent elite soldiers to pursue him, and Wu Wangyi led thousands of defeated soldiers to flee, surrendering to Dantu (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) south of the Yangtze River. Han sent people to instigate the Dongyue people in the Wu army to oppose Wu. Dongyue people killed Wu Wangying. Wu Yejun, the king of Chu, committed suicide. The rebellion in Wu Chu started in the first month and ended in March.

In Qidi and Jiaoxi, Wang Guobing surrounded Linzi, and it won't last for three months. Luan Bu, the commander of the Han Dynasty, led the army to advance, and the kings of Jiaoxi, Jiaodong, Zichuan and Jinan either committed suicide or overthrew them. King Lu of Qi made meritorious service for Seoul, but he planned to seize the throne, and later participated in the planning of the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion, especially when he was besieged, he conspired with King Jiaoxi and others, so he could not meet Han and was forced to commit suicide. In the land of Zhao, the king of Zhao withdrew his troops and held on to Handan, but Li sent them to attack. The Huns knew that Wu Chu was defeated, and they refused to help Zhao in the Han Dynasty. After Luan Bu pacified all the countries in Qi, he returned the army and Li sent * * * the same water to fill the city of Handan, which was broken and the prince of Zhao committed suicide.

The pacification of the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion consolidated the achievements of the policy of reducing vassals, to a great extent, solved the contradiction caused by the enfeoffment of the children of Emperor Gaozu as a big country, and created the necessary conditions for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty to further solve the problem of the kingdom with the policy of "pushing favors" (see the decree of pushing favors).