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Yang Jiong (650-693?), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. A native of Huayin (now Shaanxi). Yang Jiong is as famous as Wang Bo, Lu Zhaolin, and King Luo Bin, and is also known as the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty. He was a child prodigy in the fourth year of Xianqing (659). In the third year of Shangyuan Dynasty (676), he passed the imperial examination. He was appointed as the school's scholar, and moved to the post of Zhan Shisi. In the first year of Chui Gong of Empress Wu (685), his ancestral brother Yang Shenrang joined Xu Jingye in raising an army and joined the army for the Zizhou Judiciary. In the first year of Tianshou (690), he taught in the Luoyang Palace Academy. In the first year of Ruyi (692), he moved to Yingchuan in the late autumn. The official administration was famous for its harshness, and he died in the official position. Known as Yang Yingchuan in the world.

Yang Jiong is famous for his poems on border fortress battles, such as "Army March", "Out of the Fortress", "Battle in the South of the City", "Purple Horse", etc., which express the fighting spirit of making contributions to the country and are magnificent. , bold style. Other poems about harmony and travel records are not very distinctive, and they are not completely out of their beauty style. There are also 50 pieces of poems, prefaces, tables, tablets, inscriptions, annals, and statements. Zhang said that "Yang Yingchuan's literary thoughts are like water pouring into a hanging river, and he can drink it inexhaustibly. He is better than Lu, but not inferior to Wang." The original biography of "Old Book of the Tang Dynasty" highly praised his "Ode to the Bon" as "the lyrics are very elegant and beautiful", while the "General Catalog of Sikuquanshu" thought that "Jong's beautiful compositions are not limited to this one" and said "his poems and chapters are magnificent, because Throughout the classics, there is more than just dabbling in glitz.” The "Preface to the Collection of Wang Bo" written by Wang Bo spoke highly of Wang Bo's creative practice in reforming the obscene writing style at that time, reflecting the requirements of the "Four Heroes" to consciously reform the writing style at that time. Regarding the "Wang, Yang, Lu, Luo" as they were called in China, Yang Jiong said that he was "ashamed to be in front of Lu and ashamed to be the queen", and the debaters at the time agreed. There are 33 poems in existence today, most of which have five rhymes. Hu Yinglin of the Ming Dynasty said that "Yingchuan's modern style, although it is less handsome than the king, is clean and vigorous. Looking at its style, it is actually the beginning" (Volume 4 of "Shisou? Neipian").

The original biography of "Old Book of Tang Dynasty" states that he has 30 volumes of collected works, and "Junzhai Shuzhi" records 20 volumes of "Yingchuan Collection", but neither of them is reproduced today. The collection of Tong Pei in Wanli of the Ming Dynasty includes 10 volumes of "Yingchuan Collection" and 1 volume of appendix. During the Chongzhen period, Zhang Xie re-edited it into 13 volumes. His deeds can be found in the original biography of "Old Tang Book".

2. Yang Jiong's research

Relatively speaking, Yang Jiong's research is relatively weak among the Four Elites, but some progress has been made.

Study on the parallel traces of Yang Jiong's life. The systematic study of Yang Jiong's life in this century began with Fu Xuancong's "Lu Zhaolin Yang Jiong's Simplified Musical Score" and "Yang Jiong Kao". The previous article made a preliminary study of Yang Jiong's life and poetry. It is the year; the following article makes some examinations of several important issues in Yang Jiong's life. The following article first verified that Yang Jiongying was awarded the Prodigy Examination in the fourth year of Xianqing. He was not awarded the title of School Scholar after passing the Prodigy Examination, but was awarded after passing the Yingzhi Examination in the third year of Shangyuan. Then it was verified. The official position of Yang Jiong's uncles; then citing some materials, he made an assessment of Pei Xingjian's evaluation of the four heroes, and believed that this matter was indeed highly doubtful; the article also believed that Yang Jiong, Cui Rong, etc. were recommended by Xue Yuanchao as A bachelor of Chongwen Hall and a member of the Prince's East Palace staff should be based on the Biography of Xue Yuanchao and Gaozong Ji in the Old Book of Tang, dating to the first year of Yongchun, rather than the original biography of Yang Jiong in the second year of Yonglong in the New Book of Tang; Regarding the later official career, this book believes that there are not only contradictions but also omissions in the old and new "Tangshu", so it is analyzed: 1. It was in the first year of Chui Gong that he joined the army as a judicial officer in Zizhou. Between April and December, 2. Yang Jiong had already served in Wu Zetian Palace in Luoyang in the autumn of the first year of Tianshu. 3. Yang Jiong was in Luoyang from the autumn of the first year of Tianshu to the autumn of the first year of Ruyi. After that, he went out again. As the Yingchuan Order, it is wrong that Yang Jiong was selected and awarded the Yingchuan Order by the Zizhou Judiciary after he joined the army and died, as recorded in the old and new "Tangshu".

In 1982, Zhang Zhilie published the article "Questions on the Dating of Yang Jiong's Confucius Temple Inscriptions", which questioned the "Inscriptions on the Xue Xiansheng Temple of Xindu County, Yizhou Governor's Office in the Tang Dynasty" written by Yang Jiong for the Confucius Temple in Shu. It is worth noting that they put forward new opinions on the relationship between the "Xindu Monument") and the "Temple Monument of the Forefathers Confucius in Changjiang County, Sui" (referred to as the "Yangtze River Monument"). Previously, some researchers believed that these two inscriptions were both written when Yang Jiong was appointed as the judicial officer of Zizhou and joined the army (such as Qian Xuewen and He Chengpu's "Four Heroes" and Tianfu in the Early Tang Dynasty), and some were specifically related to Wu Zetian Chui Gongsan. Year (687) (such as Fu Xuancong's "Simple Music Score of Lu Zhaolin and Yang Jiong"). Based on the contents of the two steles and the relevant historical background, Zhang Zhilie believed that both steles were written during the lifetime of Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi of the Tang Dynasty.

The author further argues that since the "Xindu Stele" refers to Gaozong as "Emperor", it was undoubtedly written after August of the first year of Shangyuan (674). The Tongbei also calls Lai Heng "Tong Yi Dafu and Governor Shi". Lai Heng has been transferred to the third rank of Huangmen Shilang and Tongzhong Shumen since March of the third year of Shangyuan Dynasty (676). Therefore, "Xindu Stele" should be written between the first and third years of Shangyuan. If it is dated to the second year of Shangyuan (675), there will be no big mistake. The "Yangtze River Stele" "should also have been composed at the same time as the "Xindu Stele" or later." In the second year of Shangyuan, Yang Jiong was only twenty-six years old. In the fifth year of Xianqing's reign (660), Yang Jiong waited for the establishment of the Hongwen Hall at the age of eleven. It was not until the third year of the Yuan Dynasty that he was elected as a middle school scholar and was awarded the title of School Secretary. The two tablets were written shortly before the election.

Zhu Shangshu's "Yang Yingchuan's "Yingchuan" Identification" and "Yang Jiongchu's Entry into Shu Year Examination" are also papers that have been carefully reviewed.

In addition, the "Chronology of the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" attached to Luo Xiangfa's "Research on the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" and the "Chronology of the Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty" by Zhang Zhilie both date Yang Jiong's life.

Research on Yang Jiong’s Poetry People seem to discuss Yang Jiong’s poetry achievements more than his life. In various literature history, poetry history and Tang poetry research works published in the 1930s and 1940s, most of the discussions on Yang Jiong's poetry are relatively brief, but some are considerable. For example, Zheng Zhenduo's "Illustrated History of Chinese Literature" said, "His poems are like 'The emperor's territory is as flat as water, and the official road is as straight as a string' ("Cong Ma"), "Three autumns only last one day, and the difference is as short as a thousand years" ("You Youyou") "Thoughts"), "The trees are hidden away from the pavilion, the ditch water is soaked in the flat sand. The left captain is so talented, the east gate is gradually credited" ("Farewell to the Second Lieutenant of Fengcheng King"), etc., are also the precursors of rhythmic poetry. "Zheng Bin's "History of the Evolution of Chinese Literature" believes that "Although Yang Jiong's poems are in the same tune as Wang Bo's, their diction is higher than his...His poems such as "Walking from the Army" and "Out of the Fortress" are also similar to Wang Bo's. Not inferior to Wang Bo. "Hu Yunyi's "Research on Tang Poetry" believes that "Jong Jiong is very talented and his poetry is also vigorous." "In terms of poetry, Yang Jiong may be ranked at the bottom of the four outstanding poets."

In the 1950s and 1960s, people conducted slightly more in-depth research on Yang Jiong’s poetry. For example, "History of Literature of the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties" written by Zhou Zu believed that Yang Jiong did not have many poems, but some of his five-character poems were not bad. Most of these five-character poems express the author's political ambitions, and these poems They all reflect the themes of frontier fortresses and war life, so they are more powerful and have an impassioned mood. "Liu Dajie's "History of the Development of Chinese Literature" has a low evaluation of the achievements of Yang Jiong's poetry: "Most of his poems are in rhythmic style. There are no seven poems and only one poem in Wujue. It can be seen that his use of forms in poetry creation is not as extensive as the first three; in terms of poetic talent, it is also relatively weak. The analysis of Yang Jiong's poetry art is a little more detailed: He believes that Yang Jiong's "On the Road" "describes the sorrow of wanderers, which is similar to the style of the Han and Wei Dynasties", and said that "Yang Jiong's Three Gorges poems ("Guangxi Gorge", " "Wu Gorge" and "Xiling Gorge") are descriptions of scenery, history and lyricism. His poem "Wu Gorge" can be said to be a perfect combination of scenery description and lyricism... "Morning Journey", "On the Way" The two poems are quite affectionate and similar to Wang Bo's "Night Stay in Shenwan". Ma Maoyuan's "Notes on Tang Poems" No. 2 has many new insights on Yang Jiong. He believes that "it was said in the past that the Four Masters completed the five-character poem." As for the overall situation, this is indeed the case, but when viewed individually, the development is uneven, and Yang Jiong has made the most contributions and has made particularly great achievements. The fact that more than half of the existing poems in the "Yingchuan Collection" are composed of five-character verses illustrates this problem. At the same time, since it is called a verse, it must be highly metrical, such as "Congjun". "line" (omitted) How rigorous the meter is! How steady the counterpoints are! How exquisite the poetry is! How sonorous the tone is! ...Wang Bo and Lu and Luo concentrated on the five-character rhythm. Although there are many masterpieces... But After all, it is not a formal model when measured according to the strictest requirements of rhythm. But from this perspective, Yang Jiong is the most outstanding among the four heroes. After the 1980s, some works about Yang Jiong's poetry appeared. Monographs such as Yang Encheng's "On Yang Jiong, a Poet of the Early Tang Dynasty" are a comprehensive evaluation of Yang Jiong. The article believes that Yang Jiong's poems "have a wider range of themes and express richer life content than those of Shangguan Yi and others." , mostly in five-character form.

"The article also believes that, "As a poet in the founding period of Tang poetry, Yang Jiong's poems are inferior to Wang Bo and Luo Binwang in terms of content and artistic attainments. Most of his five rhythms and five rows follow the old themes of ancient Yuefu, and lack personal originality in style and technique. However, his modern poetry is more rigorous in rhythm. Yang Jiong undoubtedly played a pioneering role in establishing the five-character rhythm system and transforming Qi and Liang poetry. "