What is the appreciation of the hongmen banquet?

The Hongmen Banquet was the beginning of a five-year struggle between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang after the demise of the Qin Dynasty. Although it is the beginning, it indicates the end of this struggle to some extent. This is because the author vividly reveals Xiang Yu's tragic character by describing the whole process of the banquet (including the struggle before and after the meeting): he is proud of his meritorious service and has a "woman's nature." If this character is not changed, it will inevitably end in failure. The reason why Liu Bang can turn the tide at the banquet is inseparable from his good use of each other's personality weaknesses. From this historical fact, we can see that a leader's personality plays an important role in historical development.

This paper can be divided into three parts according to the development process of the plot.

The first part (paragraphs 1 and 2) explains the origin of the hongmen banquet.

Firstly, the article points out the stationing of Liu and Xiang armies and the strength of both sides, which shows that Xiang Yu has absolute superiority and the initiative in the war is in his hands. The following character activities are all related to this background. The cause of the struggle is informer. Xiang Yu heard that "Pei Gong wanted Wang Guanzhong" offended his dignity and immediately decided to attack Liu Bang. Fan Zeng, his chief adviser, took the opportunity to expose Liu Bang's ambition and encouraged him to attack. Their different understanding indicates that they will adopt different attitudes towards Liu Bang.

War seemed imminent, but suddenly there was a turn for the better. Xiang Bo visited Sean in the evening to repay his kindness and advised him to run away. However, Sean told Liu Bang the news on the pretext of "sending Pei Gong to see King Koryo". Liu Bang then wooed Xiang Bo and defended himself with lies. Xiang Bo agreed to mediate and told Liu that "fleas must come to thank the king". Because of this, there was a fight at the hongmen banquet.

The second part (the third and fourth paragraphs) describes the struggle at the Hongmen banquet.

The rhythm develops rapidly and the atmosphere changes rapidly. At first, it was calm. Liu Bang belittled the word "apology", and Xiang Yu told the informant that his anger was completely eliminated and reconciled, so he hosted a banquet for Liu Bang. However, Fan Zeng deliberately killed Liu Bang, starting with "Wang Count to three, Dai Yuzhe showed it", and then he ordered Xiang Zhuang to dance the sword and "kill because of repeated blows", which made the atmosphere more and more tense.

So Sean gave Fan Kuai a push. Fan Kuai is a participant of Liu Bang. He has the responsibility to protect Liu Bang, but he is not qualified to attend the meeting. After learning his identity, Xiang Yu knew his purpose, so he gave wine to ease the atmosphere. In order to focus on himself, Fan Kuai not only followed the etiquette, but also ate raw shoulders. Then, with "can I drink again?" He declaimed: Take "Wang Guanzhong" as an example. Although he was pregnant with the king, he still dared not be exclusive and waited for the king to come; He also accused Wang Xiang of "trying to punish those who deserve credit" for dancing sword at the dinner party. Therefore, "Wang Xiang didn't respond", but got a seat. At this point, the atmosphere has been further eased, but the crisis has not been lifted. This is the climax of the banquet struggle.

The third part (paragraphs 5, 6 and 7) describes the rest of the situation after the meeting, including Liu Bang's escape from his seat and his diversion to join the army; Leave Xie, receive the wall, and Fan Zeng breaks the bucket; Liu Bang killed Cao Wushang.

The plot of this article unfolds in layers according to whether Xiang Yu attacks and whether Liu Bang can escape safely. It is full of ups and downs, contradictions and exciting. The story begins with Cao Wushang's informer, Xiang Yu's decision to attack, Xiang Yu's acceptance, and Cao Wushang's execution. Although it is an excerpt, it also has relative integrity.

Second, the character image

This paper mainly shapes the image of Xiang Yu and shows his conceited and meritorious character. Because Qin's main force was defeated by him, all the princes obeyed him and admitted his "overlord" status. So after entering the customs, I heard that Liu Bang "wanted to be the king of Guanzhong", which violated his dignity and immediately decided to attack; However, after learning that Liu Bang's "civil servant, sealed the library" was waiting for him to deal with it, he gave up the attack plan. More because of his conceit, he didn't regard Liu Bang as his main opponent, and he didn't want to kill him during the dinner. Liu Bang also paid attention to maintaining his dignity, which made him feel "unbearable", so he repeatedly hinted that he should not be silent, and he didn't say anything about the sword dance between Xiang Zhuang and Xiang Bo. This "unbearable" heart even made him take a particularly tolerant attitude towards Fan Kuai: Fan Kuai was not qualified to attend the meeting and could have scolded him, but he understood Fan Kuai's feelings and gave him wine instead. Although Fan Kuai's statement has been criticized, he is regarded higher than Wang Huai, which means "seeking reward", which is in line with his conceit. He felt guilty and "failed to respond", so he offered his seat to Fan Kuai. Conceited and "unbearable" people, although successful for a while, will eventually fail.

Writing Xiang Yu's reaction after listening to Cao's informers and Xiang Bo's exhortations has formed two extremes, vividly depicting Xiang Yu's indecision, disloyalty, treachery and impulsive credulity. Xiang Yu was written at the Hongmen Banquet, ignoring Fan Zeng's suggestion to kill Liu Bang repeatedly, and did not stop Xiang Zhuang from dancing the sword. He also regarded Fan Kuai's anger as a hero, and left Liu Bang's escape unchecked, showing his indecision everywhere.

Sima Qian described Xiang Yu as a tragic hero. He once commented: "It's a bully's business not to learn lessons from the past, to boast about one's achievements and strive for one's personal wisdom.". He wanted to rule the world by force and died in his own country five years later. " Although this article only writes one side of the characters, it is possible to get a glimpse of the whole leopard.

Liu Bang's image is also very vivid. Going to Hong Men to "apologize", although Xiang Bo stepped in halfway, was actually in the den, and his fate was unpredictable, but it was not enough to calm Xiang Yu's anger, but he still left as promised; Back in the army, "Cao was killed", which shows his determination. He always treats people arrogantly. This time, he "broke the Qin Dynasty and became the first in Xianyang", and he was a man of "great achievements". But in front of Xiang Yu, he was humble and polite, for fear of coming to the next seat at the banquet. He accepted all the orders and left without saying a word, feeling that he was out of place with the ceremony, which showed his resilience. As for his cunning, details such as scolding Kun Sheng, wooing Xiang Bo and scolding informers are obvious.

Third, writing characteristics

1. Describe the characters in the contradictory struggle. The author mainly grasps four questions when shaping the image of Xiang Yu: whether to attack Liu Bang; Whether to kill Liu bang during the dinner; What's your attitude towards Fan Kuai's Li Yue behavior? What's your attitude towards Liu Bang's escape? These have been analyzed above. Let's talk about Fan Kuai. Fan Kuai showed great courage in breaking into the chancellors' account despite the guards' blocking at a critical moment. But all kinds of actions after entering the account are polite. One is to "stand in the west with a curtain and look at Wang Xiang in the distance" to attract Xiang Yu's attention; Xiang Yu offered wine, thanked him first, then stood and drank, then even ate and drank. He took the opportunity to satirize Wang Xiang, but at the same time, he rewarded Liu Bang, secretly honoring Xiang Yu, which showed that he was crude and refined.

2. Contrast the characters with contrast. Such as: Liu Bang, Xiang Yu; Sean and Fan Zeng.

Fourth, artistic features.

The article "The Hongmen Banquet" not only reproduces the historical truth for us; It also provides us with a high model of literary skills. Its artistic features can be observed from the following four points.

First, he is good at portraying characters in the development of contradictions. Through the description of important historical events, we can highlight people and make them serve the image-building. The characters are highly distinctive and unified, so they are typical.

In this paper, the author's unscrupulous attitude towards good and evil is very clear. Sima Qian created two different types of ruling figures with extremely profound and obvious love-hate brushstrokes. Liu bang is a despicable, cunning and resourceful so-called successful person. Xiang Yu is a so-called failure hero who is generous, self-reliant and credulous. The author describes the specific historical events and the development of contradictions between Liu Bang and Xiang Yu in Hong Men for a period of time. Finally, the images of characters are highly distinct and unified, which completes the typical essence of biographical literature characters. Therefore, although Liu Bang and Xiang Yu are real figures in history, what they describe completely conforms to the truth of history. However, later generations are often used to summarize two different types of people. When the author describes the characters of these two characters, the tendency of love and hate is very obvious. Xiang Yu's main points are sympathy and praise; Liu bang's main thing is to despise and belittle. This profoundly affected the emotional opposition of readers thousands of years later, and all people's sympathy was attributed to Xiang Yu. This paper is also very successful in portraying the images of Sean, Xiang Bo, Fan Kuai and Fan Zeng. If this article is written as "the ovary is like a dragon, and Fan Kuai is like a tiger", then writing about Liu Bang should really be "like a fox as a mouse".

Secondly, this paper is good at combining huge historical events with rich details, and is good at combining vivid scene descriptions with details. In the narrative of sharp contradictions and struggles, a surprising and dramatic story is completed.

Only in this way can we complete its amazing and dramatic story in the display of sharp contradictions and struggles. Thousands of years later, people mentioned the story of the hongmen banquet, and the active images of many characters were in sight. The article "The Hongmen Banquet" can be said to be an extremely successful example in this regard.

Third, this paper has a careful and rigorous organizational arrangement. In terms of material handling, there can also be a close logical connection. It is closely related to historical development, carefully selected materials and carefully arranged. Let the contradictions take the lead and move the whole body, and let the plot push wave after wave. He started with a tip-off from Cao Xiang and ended with Cao Xiang. Fan Zeng said Xiang Yu, and Fan Zeng thundered against Xiang Yu. In dealing with the materials, the author uses a variety of brushstrokes, such as complex (such as catching a banquet), simple (such as punishing Cao Cao), narrow (such as Gao Pei Gong) and complex (such as Gao Fan Kuai), which complement each other and form a strict logical structure of the whole article. Help topic content appears. These are one of the characteristics of this paper.

The fourth point is that this paper has reached a new height in language use. Because the author has primitive rebellious feelings in his biographies, he can consciously get close to the people and learn from folk languages. Obviously affected. Many folklore, ballads and proverbs have become important sources of the author's creative thoughts and language, and constitute the fresh blood of his works. His language art advanced to a new peak in medieval prose literature: simple, clear, lively and simple.

Take this article as an example, "big banks don't care about details, and they don't hesitate to make small concessions." "Man is a knife and I am a fish." They were all popular idioms at that time; And "alas! The vertical axis is not enough! " It was a vivid and concrete spoken language at that time.

Judging from the language style of the full text, it can also fully show that Sima Qian's ability to manipulate and use language has far surpassed the existing level of prose language in Qin and early Han dynasties and reached a new height.

In addition, Sima Qian is also good at using function words flexibly. He often uses expressive function words to express the modality of characters. For example, in this article, "Pei Gong silently said,' What can we do if we are as solid as gold?' "This is what Pei Gong Sajima and Cao said. "Otherwise, why did you come here?" "Fan Kuai said,' I won't avoid death, and the wine is safe!' ""wait. Are extremely vivid places expressed by function words. The literary skills of the Hongmen Banquet are representative in the whole Historical Records. Guo Songtao said that he "naturally absorbed the history of Xiang Yu and was extremely proud of the words." I'm not flattered. Not only has it reached the situation of "telling the truth and describing it in detail", "the tone is neat and the words are tempered"; It also reached the peak of double-edged rhetoric ("to the point, clear pronunciation and mellow voice." -"Wen Xin Diao Long Begins") to a new height. Some people use four points: fresh thinking, exquisite writing, rich content and careful organization to popularly summarize the artistic characteristics of the whole Historical Records. This popular general evaluation also applies to this article. Finally, it should be noted that in the past, when analyzing the ideological content and artistic characteristics of some articles about the Hongmen Banquet, there was often an improper tendency to discuss them from the perspective of biographies of Xiang Yu and Gao Zu. There are also such defects in the evaluation of Liu and Xiang. I think we should pay close attention to this article when analyzing "The Hongmen Banquet". Although we should also take care of the whole chapter of Liu Xiang's "Ji Ji", we can't pretend to be masters, nor can we take extended meaning as the ideological content of this article.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) the meaning of the article

Xiang Yu's actions can fully prove this point. Xiang Yu was stubborn in Jiangdong and led the peasant uprising team to quell the unrest in various places. "In three years, the five emperors were completely annihilated." That's why he won the support of the masses when his behavior conformed to the objective laws and the people's desire to eliminate the violent Qin regime. Because of this, his actions can meet the objective requirements, see the essence through form, take the initiative everywhere, and finally succeed. When he "won" and "succeeded", he became arrogant and did the opposite. "Divide the world and seal the princes." He was almost completely carried away by victory, and was drowned by the sound of praise, worship and awe, which blocked his due reason and intelligence. And because there were massacres everywhere, he quickly lost the support of the masses. In action, it is also subjective and objective everywhere, becoming very passive and stupid. It is even more vivid to prove this point with the image of Xiang Yu in The Hongmen Banquet. Because of Xiang Yu's "conceit, striving for novelty, being unlearned and ignorant", he was deceived by Liu Bang's set of rude words and thick coins and gently spared his powerful enemy. He can't stand the flood of flattery and slander, not only tolerates enemies and officials in his own camp, but also refuses to listen to sincere advice and far-sighted advice; Even "bluntly" gave up the person who sent the information to the enemy for himself. There are many contradictions and loopholes between what Liu Bang said to him and Liu Bang's behavior, but he completely ignored them. Sow the seeds of irreparable destruction for yourself.