What are the standard practices for roof waterproofing?

The roof is the top external protective component of the building, which is mainly used to resist all unfavorable phenomena such as wind, rain and lightning, and ensure the building to be durable, among which waterproofing is the most important aspect in the roof construction process. The most typical roofing waterproof method is coiled material roofing waterproof method. The following small series takes coiled material roof, coated roof and rigid roof as examples to talk about their respective practices in roof waterproofing methods. And the introduction of waterproof materials for flat roofs.

What are the roofing waterproof materials?

I. CH- 108ZYY polymer cement waterproof coating

CH- 108ZYY polymer cement (also known as elastic cement) is a two-component waterproof coating based on acrylate synthetic polymer emulsion, with special cement, inorganic curing agent and various additives. It has good film-forming, impermeability and cohesiveness (compared with concrete, brick, stone, ceramic tile, ZYY plastic, color steel roof, airport roof, wood, glass, etc.). ZYY composite waterproof coating is divided into ZYY- 1 ZYY-2 models, of which ZYY- 1 model is mainly used for waterproofing of large deformation building parts.

ZYY-2 is mainly used for building waterproofing in long-term immersion environment, such as basement, toilet and bathroom, swimming pool, reservoir, subway, tunnel, garbage disposal site and other projects.

1, product features

(1), or it can be constructed in a very humid environment and solidified into a film;

(2) The membrane has the structural characteristics of gas permeable and water impermeable molecular sieve;

(3) After construction, cement mortar protective layer or ceramic tile decorative layer shall be directly made on the surface of waterproof coating, and the interface shall be firmly bonded.

Second, HG203 waterproof sealing coating

HG203 waterproof sealing coating is a truly environmentally friendly one-component water-curable polyurethane waterproof sealing coating, which is developed by introducing the most advanced high-tech technology from the United States and using imported raw materials. The new waterproof sealing coating passed the appraisal of scientific and technological achievements of Guangdong Provincial Construction Committee and obtained the certificate of key new products in Guangdong Province.

? main feature

1, 20% water as curing agent, which is a reactive curing product; Suitable for wet base surface.

2. 100% environmental protection product is nontoxic, odorless and pollution-free after curing, and is suitable for drinking water engineering.

3, the solid content can be as high as 100%, and the material consumption per unit area is low; The required thickness can be realized in one structure.

4. The coating film has high tensile strength, good ductility, high bonding humidity, heat resistance and cold resistance (-40℃-? 95℃), chemical corrosion resistance, aging resistance, mildew resistance and flame retardant.

5. The basic color of the coating is white, and the surface of the coating can be painted with various colors, or according to the requirements of users? It is required to be made into various colors to achieve waterproof and decorative effects.

6. You can add rubber powder as anti-leakage sealant and sand as anti-slip layer, or? Thermal insulation coating is made by adding light hollow filler.

7, easy to use and maintain, saving labor, time, money and safety.

Three. YYA special waterproof and impervious slurry

1, product performance

It is a new type of impervious and waterproof material, and it is a gray powder composed of dozens of pure inorganic components. Non-toxic and tasteless, flame retardant and environmentally friendly, and can be used in food and drinking water engineering. After adding water, a series of redox reactions will occur. After hardening, it has the characteristics of high strength (above C35 in 7 days), water resistance, impermeability, high temperature resistance (400℃), ultraviolet resistance, frost resistance (-50℃), aging resistance, no shrinkage, oil stain resistance and strong adhesion. Both front and back water surfaces can be operated with water, and the thickness can be adjusted arbitrarily (0.5-200mm) as required. In particular, it is good at dealing with the difficult water leakage problem in concrete masonry structure, and has passed the test of China National Building Materials Testing Center, and is listed as one of the top ten brand products of waterproof materials in China, which is the best choice for engineering durability.

2. Scope of application

(1), waterproof and impervious, with high strength and high water pressure resistance, can be used in various underground concrete and masonry structures, such as subways, tunnels, basements, underground garages, underground passages, civil air defense projects, cable trenches, elevator shafts, mines, culverts and other difficult water leakage projects;

(2), high and low temperature resistance, ultraviolet resistance, aging resistance and good freeze-thaw resistance (more than 400 times), used in various outdoor projects and indoor buildings, reservoirs, dams, bridges, power stations, water pump houses, reservoirs, canals and dams, foundation pits, squares, roofs, bathrooms, etc. ;

(3) Frost resistance, low temperature resistance (-50℃) and freeze-thaw resistance, which can be used in freezing rooms, air-conditioned rooms and places with large temperature difference;

(4) Low hydration heat and good shrinkage resistance, which can be used for concrete mortar layer of reservoir dam, bridge concrete mortar layer, concrete pavement mortar layer, etc.

Waterproof method of coiled material roof:

1, coiled material waterproof layer construction should be carried out after the installation of masonry, equipment, pipes, etc.

2, the shop is stuck across the house high and low, should be carried out in the order of first high and then low, first far and then near.

3, in the single-span shop is stuck, should be the shop is stuck more concentrated drainage parts (such as impinges mouth, cornice, inclined ditch, gutter, etc.). ), according to the elevation from low to high, the slope and elevation of the coil should be laid from bottom to top, so that the coil can overlap in the direction of water flow.

4, coil parallel to the roof of the shop is stuck, long side lap not less than 70mm, short side not less than 150mm, two adjacent coil short side lap seam should be staggered not less than 500mm, to ensure the coil lap width and the shop is stuck straight, when the shop is stuck coil should pop up tags.

5, the slope of more than 25% of the arch roof and the slope of the skylight, should try to avoid short side lap.

6. Before the coil is laid, the leveling layer should be dry. The general field test method is to cover the coil with 1-2h from the evening to the next morning or in sunny days. If there is no condensation on the inside of the coil, it is considered that the leveling layer is basically dry.

Waterproof method of coated roof;

1, check the leveling layer

(1) Check whether the leveling layer quality meets the regulations and design requirements, and carry out cleaning and sweeping. If there are any defects such as unevenness, sanding, peeling, cracks, and unstable fixation of embedded parts, they should be repaired in time, and the repair method should be carried out according to the requirements in Table 6.6.2. ? 2) Check whether the dryness of the leveling layer meets the requirements of the waterproof coating used. ? 3) After passing the test, the next working procedure can be carried out.

2, leveling layer processing

(1) preparation of leveling layer treatment agent: solvent-based waterproof coating can be diluted with corresponding solvent to facilitate penetration. For example, solvent-based SBS modified asphalt waterproof coating uses gasoline as diluent, and the dilution ratio is gasoline = 1: 0.5. You can also use it directly.

(2) Brush the leveling layer: first brush the roof nodes, periphery, corners and other parts, and then brush them in a large area. Pay attention to uniform coating and uniform thickness, and do not miss coating to enhance the adhesion between coating and leveling layer.

3. Preparation of waterproof coating

(1) When using two-component waterproof coating, component A and component B should be evenly mixed before preparation, and then accurately measured in strict accordance with the material mixture ratio provided by the material supplier; The dosage of each preparation should be calculated and determined according to each coating area, and prepared as needed; When mixing, the component A and the component B are poured into a container, and can be used after being uniformly stirred by a portable electric stirrer.

(2) One-component waterproof coating can be used after being stirred evenly before use.

4, special parts additional enhancement processing.

5. Apply waterproof coating

(1) After the leveling layer coating is cured and dried, thoroughly and carefully check whether the coating has quality defects such as air holes and bubbles, and if not, paint it; If so, it should be repaired immediately before painting.

(2) Waterproof coating should be painted with elevation and nodes first, and then painted with plane. Paint according to the requirements determined by the test.

(3) The coating shall be applied in stripe interval or reverse order, and the width of stripe interval shall be consistent with the width of carcass reinforcement. It is forbidden to walk on the coating after painting.

(4) The coating shall be painted by layers and times. After the previous coating is dried or solidified into a film, carefully check that there are no defects such as bubbles, wrinkles, pits and scratches on the surface of each coating before painting the next coating, and the painting directions of each coating should be perpendicular to each other.

(5) The laying of matrix reinforcing materials shall be carried out at the same time as the second coating is applied or before the third coating is applied. The former is wet paving method, that is, while paving the carcass reinforcement layer, waterproof coating is applied and evenly rolled with a roller brush; The latter is dry paving method, that is, directly paving the carcass reinforcement material after the early coating and film formation, and scraping the waterproof coating evenly on the flat surface with a rubber scraper.

(6) According to the design requirements, the second or third layer of carcass reinforcement layer can be laid according to the requirements of the above 5), and finally the surface can be coated with waterproof coating.

6, closed head processing

(1) All coating ends shall be coated with waterproof coating for many times or sealed with sealing material, and the blank holder width shall not be less than 10 mm. ..

(2) The reinforcing material of the end carcass shall be cut neatly, and if there is a groove, it shall be pressed into the groove, and there shall be no defects such as warping, buckling and exposure.

7, coating protective layer

(1) Coating the protective layer of the film should be carried out at the same time as coating the waterproof coating for the last time, that is, spreading fine sand and other granular materials evenly while coating the waterproof coating.

(2) When paving granular materials such as fine sand on water emulsion waterproof coating, it should be rolled immediately after paving, so that the protective layer is firmly bonded with the coating.

(3) When light-colored paint is used as the protective layer, painting can only be carried out after the paint is dried or solidified.

8, inspection, cleaning, acceptance

(1) After the construction of coating waterproof layer is completed, a comprehensive inspection shall be conducted, and it must be confirmed that there are no defects.

(2) After the coating is dried or cured, the powder that is not firmly bonded to the waterproof layer and the excess fine sand should be removed.

(3) Check whether the drainage system is unblocked and there is no leakage.

(4) acceptance.

Rigid waterproof roofing practices:

Compared with coiled material and film-coated waterproof roof, the materials used in rigid waterproof roof are easy to obtain, cheap, durable and convenient to maintain. However, rigid waterproof materials have high apparent density, low tensile strength and small ultimate tensile strain, and are easily affected by wet and dry deformation, temperature deformation and structural deformation of concrete or mortar to produce cracks.

1. Construction of clay mortar isolation layer

After the joint of precast slab is filled with fine stone concrete, the slab surface shall be cleaned and watered, but no water shall be accumulated. Lime plaster: the material of sand: clay = 1: 2.4: 3.6 should be evenly mixed, and the mortar should be dry, with a paving thickness of about 10 ~ 20 mm, and the surface should be smooth, compacted and polished until the mortar is basically dry.

2. Construction of lime mortar isolation layer

The construction method is the same as above. The mixing ratio of mortar is lime paste: sand = 1: 4.

3. Construction of coiled material isolation layer of cement mortar leveling layer

Use 1: 3 cement mortar to level, compact and polish the structural layer, spread a layer of 3~8mm dry fine sand sliding layer on the dry leveling layer, and spread a layer of coiled material on it, and cover the lap with hot asphalt mortar. You can also directly lay a layer of plastic film on the leveling layer.

Due to the low strength of the isolation layer material, attention should be paid to strengthening the protection of the isolation layer when continuing the construction of the isolation layer. Concrete transportation cannot be directly carried out on the surface of the isolation layer, and measures such as padding should be taken. Do not pierce the surface when binding steel bars, and do not vibrate the isolation layer when pouring concrete.

Frame joint lien Frame joint lien is to reduce the cracking of rigid waterproof layer caused by temperature difference, concrete shrinkage, creep, load and vibration, foundation settlement and other deformation, and the position of frame joint should be set according to the design requirements.

4. Steel wire mesh structure

(1) The configuration of steel mesh should meet the design requirements. Generally, two-way steel mesh should be set with a diameter of 4~6mm and a spacing of 100~200mm. Mesh can be bound or welded, and its position should be centered on the upper side, and the protective layer should not be less than10 mm.

(2) Steel bars shall be straight and free from bending, corrosion and oil pollution.

(3) The steel mesh at the frame joints shall be disconnected. In order to ensure the accurate position of steel mesh, the construction method of spreading steel wires all over the isolation layer first and then cutting according to the position of frame joints can be adopted.

5. Fine stone concrete waterproof layer construction

(1) Before concrete is cast, scum and sundries on the surface of isolation layer shall be removed; Check the quality, flatness, drainage slope and integrity of the isolation layer; Good frame joint template, mark the concrete is poured concrete thickness, thickness should not be less than 40 mm ..

(2) Strictly guarantee the quality of materials and concrete, and often check whether it is accurately measured according to the mixture ratio. Check the slump at least twice per shift, and make test blocks as required. When adding additives, the measurement should be accurate, the feeding sequence should be appropriate, and the mixing should be uniform.

(3) Concrete shall be stirred mechanically for at least 2 minutes. In the process of concrete transportation, slurry leakage and segregation should be prevented.

(4) When fine stone concrete mixed with anti-crack fiber is used, the fiber should be mixed first, and then water is added after dry mixing evenly, and the dry mixing time is not less than 2min.

(5) The concrete is cast in accordance with the principle of "far before near, high before low".

(6) The concrete in frame joints must be poured at one time, and no construction joints are allowed.

(7) Concrete shall be vibrated by small machinery. If there is no vibrator, you can tamp it with a wooden stick first, then roll it back and forth with a small roller (30~40kg, about 600mm long), and tamp it while rolling until it is dense and the surface is pulpy. After flooding, use an iron trowel for compaction and leveling, and ensure the design thickness and drainage slope of the waterproof layer.

(8) When pouring, vibrating and rolling concrete, the spacing and position of steel bars must be strictly guaranteed.

(9) After the initial setting of concrete, take out the partition plate of frame joint in time, compact and polish it with iron trowel for the second time, and timely repair the defective part of frame joint to be straight and tidy; Before the final set of concrete, it should be compacted and polished for the third time, and the surface should be smooth without sand, peeling and plastering indentation. When plastering, dry cement or dry cement mortar shall not be sprinkled.

(10) After the final set of concrete, it must be cured immediately, and the surface curing agent should be sprayed first, or the water storage curing method or the sprinkling curing of rice straw, wheat straw, sawdust and straw bags should be adopted, and the curing time should be no less than 14d. During the curing period, the covering material should be kept moist, and it is forbidden for idle personnel to trample on the roof or continue the construction.

Construction of waterproof layer of small block fine stone concrete The waterproof layer of small block fine stone concrete is mixed with dense agent to reduce the shrinkage of concrete and avoid cracks. There is no steel bar in the concrete, but a waterproof layer is made, and the large block is divided into small pieces not exceeding 1.5m× 1.5m, except for the plate end joints.

In the process of various roof waterproofing practices, construction personnel should pay attention to some details, otherwise the later maintenance will be more difficult. The above is the knowledge about flat roof waterproof materials introduced by Bian Xiao.