PM2.5——Haze Killer Reading Answers Early Winter Month Reading Answers Thank you!

PM2.5 - Haze Killer

① At the end of 2011, Youdao Dictionary, the translation software with the largest number of users in China, launched the 2011 Top Ten English word of the year. The second place is "PM2.5". What is "PM2.5"? What is the virtue and capability of it that has suddenly become the "second place" among the top ten English words?

②PM2.5 refers to particulate matter in the atmosphere with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns, also known as particulate matter that can enter the lungs. Its diameter is less than 1/20 the thickness of a human hair. Although PM2.5 is only a small component of the earth's atmosphere, it has an important impact on air quality and visibility. Scientists use PM2.5 to represent the content of such particles per cubic meter of air. The higher the value, the more serious the air pollution is.

③The main source of PM2.5 is the residue emitted by combustion during daily power generation, industrial production, automobile exhaust emissions, etc. Most of them contain toxic substances such as heavy metals. Generally speaking, coarse particulate matter with a particle size of 2.5 microns to 10 microns mainly comes from road dust; fine particulate matter (PM2.5) below 2.5 microns mainly comes from the combustion of fossil fuels (such as motor vehicle exhaust, coal burning), volatile Organic matter, etc.

④Although PM2.5 is only a very small component of the earth's atmosphere, it has an important impact on air quality and visibility. Compared with coarser atmospheric particles, PM2.5 has a small particle size. It can directly enter the alveoli and is rich in toxic and harmful substances. It stays in the atmosphere for a long time and is transported over a long distance. Therefore, it is harmful to human health and the atmospheric environment. Quality has a greater impact. Meteorological experts and medical experts believe that haze weather caused by fine particulate matter is even more harmful to human health than sandstorms. After being inhaled into the human body, it will enter the bronchus, interfere with the gas exchange in the lungs, and cause diseases including asthma, bronchitis, and cardiovascular disease.

⑤These particles can also enter the blood through the bronchi and alveoli, and the harmful gases and heavy metals in them are dissolved in the blood, causing greater harm to human health. In EU countries, PM2.5 reduces people’s average life span by 8.6 months. PM2.5 can also become a carrier of viruses and bacteria, contributing to the spread of respiratory infectious diseases.

⑥The research results of Wei Fusheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and former chief engineer of the China Environmental Monitoring Station, also show that the higher the concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, the higher the incidence of respiratory diseases in children and their parents, while PM2 The impact of .5 is particularly significant.

⑦How to deal with PM2.5? Experts point out that air pollution and climate change need to be addressed in a unified rather than separate response strategies. Since air pollution and climate change are largely caused by emissions from fossil fuel combustion, actions to reduce and control air pollution and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to protect the climate should be consistent. Some studies have pointed out that the increase in atmospheric aerosols reduces the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground, which is opposite to the warming effect of greenhouse gases. 50% of the surface warming caused by greenhouse gases may be offset by the cooling effect of aerosols. Once aerosols are removed, the warming caused by greenhouse gases will be more significant, which will further increase the pressure to reduce CO2 emissions.

1. Compared with "PM2.5", the title of this article "PM2.5 - Haze Killer" is better. Please briefly describe the reasons.

2. What knowledge does this article introduce to us about PM2.5?

3. Thinking after reading paragraph 3: What is the expressive function of the underlined sentence in the article?

4. In paragraph ④, the word "even" in the sentence "Hazy weather caused by fine particulate matter is even more harmful to human health than sandstorms" is used appropriately. Please explain the expression function of this word based on the content of the article.

5. Paragraph 7 of the article says, “50% of the surface warming caused by greenhouse gases may be offset by the cooling effect of aerosols.” Some people say that since aerosols can prevent the greenhouse effect caused by haze , humans can artificially "create" more aerosols. After reading this article, please use Baidu Encyclopedia's explanation of "aerosol" to tell your opinion and briefly write down the reasons.

Aerosol is a suspension system of liquid or solid particles in the air. They can serve as condensation nuclei of water droplets and ice crystals, that is, atmospheric condensation nuclei, atmospheric ice nuclei, absorbers and scatterers of solar radiation, and participate in various chemical cycles. They are an important part of the atmosphere. Fog, smoke, haze, light mist, fine dust and smog are all atmospheric aerosols caused by natural or man-made reasons. From Baidu Wenku

Answer

1. What are the advantages of the title "PM2.5 - Haze Killer"? The title uses a metaphorical technique and is vivid, and the title is easy to inspire readers to read. Interest? The title indicates the focus of the explanation. The title highlights the hazards of PM2.5.

2. The nature (definition), sources, hazards and response strategies of PM2.5.

3. Use a numerical explanation method to accurately and specifically explain the source of PM2.5.

4. "Even" means a deeper degree, indicating that haze weather caused by fine particulate matter is more harmful to human health than large particulate matter. After being inhaled into the human body, it will enter the bronchus, interfere with the gas exchange in the lungs, and cause many diseases. What is more noteworthy is that once it enters the blood, it will be even more harmful.

5. There is no standard answer, just make sense

I don’t know if this article is what you want. It just so happens that our teacher has just finished checking the answer. I hope it will be helpful to you O( ∩_∩)O~~