Why should we implement the household registration system?

Household registration management is an important part and important basic work of national administrative management, and it is also a basic system of national administrative management.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Public Security believes that the household registration management system plays an obvious role in social management. On the one hand, it can prove identity and establish civil rights and behavioral capabilities through citizen identity registration. On the other hand, it can provide The government provides basic data and information for formulating national economic and social development plans and rational allocation of labor force. In addition, household registration management is the basis and focus of public security management, and plays a huge role in maintaining public security and combating crime.

Some experts pointed out that household registration management is the most fundamental social management system in all countries in the world. There are actually many countries that implement household registration management systems. China is not the only country with a household registration management system. Household registration management in foreign countries is often called "civil registration" or "vital registration" or "personnel registration". Although it has different names, it is basically similar to my country's household registration management, but it is different in the management methods. The problem with China's household registration system is that a variety of excessive administrative, economic, and welfare management behaviors are attached to the household registration system, artificially creating various differences and unfairness.

China’s current household registration management system was gradually established after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. It has roughly gone through the free movement period before 1958, the strict control period from 1958 to 1978, and the semi-open period after 1978. 3 stages. This system plays an important role in promoting economic and social development, protecting citizens' legitimate rights and interests, and maintaining social order.

With the gradual establishment and improvement of the market economic system, the dual structure of household registration management that divides "agricultural household registration" and "non-agricultural household registration" and implements urban and rural divisions hinders the optimal allocation of human resources and inter-regional distribution. Reasonable flow is not conducive to urbanization and rural economic development, and does not meet the requirements of situation development.

In response to the existing problems in the current household registration management system, in recent years, the government and relevant departments have continued to promote the reform of the household registration management system in a proactive and prudent manner. According to news from the Ministry of Public Security, China will comprehensively promote the reform of household registration management system from five aspects: strict household registration, establishing a unified household registration system for urban and rural areas, actively adjusting household registration migration policies, accelerating household registration management legislation, and accelerating the construction of population information computer management system. .

According to authoritative department predictions, by 2005, China's floating population will reach 130 million. Liu Hongbin, an expert on household registration theory, said that the problem is not population mobility, but how peripheral conditions and systems adapt to the current situation of population mobility. The reform of the household registration system is not a formal innovation. Its ultimate goal is to promote comprehensive economic and social development.

The practice in Zhengzhou has proved that household registration reform is not just a matter for one or several departments of the public security agency, nor is it just about changing the household registration from "agricultural household registration" to "urban household registration". There should be corresponding preparations for matters in many departments, such as education, employment, urban construction, etc.

Dividing urban and rural household registration as the basis for social management under the conditions of shortage economy and planned economy has concentrated many social contradictions on the household registration transfer system. The public sees that "hukou" limits all aspects of themselves. But they have forgotten the many determining factors and key departments behind "hukou".

Wang Taiyuan, an expert from the Department of Public Security of the People's Public Security University of China, wrote that whether Guangdong's household registration reform can be effectively implemented, the main problem is not the household registration system, the household registration transfer system, nor the public security organs. The key depends on whether the relevant systems and relevant departments can supporting reforms. Only when employment, education, housing, social security and other aspects are truly treated equally, regardless of region or household registration status, can we truly break the urban-rural dual economic pattern. Only when relevant parties make timely reforms in response to the situation can the reform of the household registration management system be of practical significance.

Promoting the reform of the household registration system and breaking the dual economic pattern between urban and rural areas is not a simple issue of household registration migration, but a social management system issue involving all aspects. If we do not change the underlying systems one by one, it is an impossible fantasy to hope that all problems will be solved through the reform of the household registration system.

In addition, let’s talk about the five major drawbacks of my country’s current household registration system:

1. China’s current household registration system is not conducive to the realization of civil rights in a modern country. Freedom of movement is an important part of civil rights in modern countries.

The "Two International Covenants on Human Rights" - the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights are two legally binding covenants that implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Article 12, paragraph 1, of the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights stipulates that “Every person lawfully present within the territory of a State shall have the right to enjoy freedom of movement and freedom of choice of residence within that territory.”

2. China’s current household registration system has caused de facto inequality among people. Such as the inequality between job hunting and schooling: agricultural household registration and urban household registration enjoy unequal rights. The fundamental reason is that the household registration system carries too many additional functions. In this case, the household registration book is not only a manifestation of identity, but also a confirmation of resource ownership rights. The most prominent ones are in terms of employment and education. For example, some cities stipulate that certain industries and types of work must hold a household registration in the city in which they are employed; the same is true in education. Many people with agricultural household registration have worked in the city for many years. There is a stable income, but because the children do not have a household registration in the city where they live, they have to pay a certain amount of tuition fees. The right to equal education is lost due to the "household registration system".

3. The household registration system cannot adapt to the development of real social life. The household registration management system formed under the conditions of the planned economy, the household registration transfer policy is too unified, and the state uniformly allocates household registration transfer plan indicators, which is difficult to adapt to the needs of different regions. If restricted by mandatory policies, it will be difficult for rural women to move their household registration to the city if they marry in the city, and it will not be easy for their children to settle down with their father in the future; farmers who go to cities and towns to work and do business, people who invest in factories, buy houses, and non-public economic organizations will introduce Talents cannot settle down, and their identity and status cannot be confirmed, which brings a lot of inconvenience to production, operation and life, and also brings great difficulties to the administrative work of government departments.

4. China’s current household registration system has hindered the process of urbanization and restricted the development of agriculture and rural areas. First, the urban bias has weakened agriculture’s own accumulation and reproduction capabilities. According to statistics, from 1959 to 1978, 407.5 billion yuan of agricultural accumulation was “predatory” transferred through the “scissor gap” in prices of industrial and agricultural products, accounting for 21.3% of fiscal revenue during the same period. Since the reform and opening up, agriculture has continued to provide blood for industry...

5. China's current household registration system has also produced some corruption. Needless to say, building connections and bribing officials in order to obtain urban household registration. It is said that in order to make up for financial problems, some cities even openly implemented household registration sales with clearly marked prices!