Who can tell me the story of Ban Chao?

Ban Chao (32- 102), a native of Ping Ling (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), was a famous strategist and diplomat in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Ban Chao is the youngest son of the famous historian Ban Biao. His brother Ban Gu and his sister Ban Zhao are also famous historians. Ban Chao is ambitious and doesn't fix details. But I am filial in my heart, and I have been working hard at home, and I am not ashamed of my efforts. He is eloquent, well-read, able to weigh the weight, sense motive.

In the fifth year of Yongping, Ming Di (62), Ban Chao's brother Ban Gu was called to Beijing as the school supervisor, and Ban Chao moved to Luoyang with his mother. Because of his poor family, Ban Chao made a living copying documents for the government. Ban Chao spends a lot of time at his desk every day, often putting down his work and sighing: "A gentleman has no other ambition, but he should still make contributions to Fu Jiezi and Zhang Qian in a foreign country, so that he can study and write for a long time" (Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty)? Everyone else laughed at it. Ban Chao said, "A boy knows the ambition of a strong man" (Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty)!

So, he went to visit a fortune teller, who said, "Sacrificing wine, clothes and clothes will make people feel uncomfortable, but it will seal off the post-Wanli (Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty). Ban Chao asked him why, and the fortuneteller said, "It is also Wan Li's life to be born with a swallow, born with a tiger's neck, and fly to eat meat" (Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty).

After a while, Ming Di asked Ban Gu, "Di Qing 'an is here. "Ban Gu said," Write a book for an official and adopt a straight mother "(Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty). Ming Di appointed Ban Chao as the secretariat of Lantai, in charge of the memorial and documents. However, it didn't take long for Ban Chao to be removed from his post because of a small mistake.

In the 16th year of Yongping (73), Dou Gu, a captain, sent troops to attack Xiongnu, and Ban Chao followed the Northern Expedition and served as a pseudo Sima (acting Sima) in the army. The puppet Sima Guan was very small, but it was the first step for Ban Chao's literary career to turn to military life. As soon as Ban Chao arrived in the army, he showed his unique talent. He led his troops to attack Yiwu (now the fourth fort in Hami, Xinjiang) and moved to Prehai (now Barkhor Lake, Xinjiang), and tried his best to capture many enemies. Dou Gu appreciated his military talents and sent him to the Western Regions with Guo Yao.

After a short and serious preparation, Ban Chao and Guo Yao led 36 people to the Western Regions. Ban Chao went to Shanshan first (now southwest of Lop Nur, Xinjiang). King Shanshan was caring and attentive to Ban Chao and others. Later, his attitude suddenly changed and he became slack and indifferent. Ban Chao with their own sensitivity, it is estimated that there will be a reason. He said to his men, "Would you rather be generous and humble? There must be an emissary from Beilu who is suspicious of what the unknown has done. Wise men see before they sprout, and the situation is evil (Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty).

So Ban Chao called the Shanshan waiter who received them, and unexpectedly asked him, "The Huns have been here for a few days, and now they still care (The Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty)? The waiter was surprised and couldn't say anything for a while, so he had to tell the truth. Ban Chao locked up the waiter to prevent the news from leaking. Then, immediately called 36 men, a high drinking meeting. When Ban Chao was drunk, he deliberately set up a paragraph to anger everyone: "Cao Qing and I are both in a unique field, and we want to make great contributions to realize wealth. Today, a few days after Lu Shi was laid off, Wang Guangli's respect was abolished; If Shanshan is sent to Xiongnu, bones will grow for wolves to eat. Why? " Everyone said, "Now we are in danger and will live and die from Sima." Ban Chao said, "Nothing ventured, nothing gained. Today's plan is unique because attacking Lu with fire at night will make him not know how powerful I am, and he will go into shock and be exhausted. You destroy this, you will be kind and brave, and you will succeed. " A subordinate said, "When you have a discussion," the whole class was furious and said, "It depends on today. If you are a literary and vulgar official, you will be afraid of this, and you will die without a name. You are not a strongman (Biography of Were Ban Chao)! The subordinates agreed unanimously.

Every day, just after dark, Ban Chao led his soldiers straight to Xiongnu Messenger Station. When it was windy, Ban Chao ordered ten men to hide behind the enemy's compound with drums. As soon as the fire broke out, they banged the drums and shouted loudly. And ordered others to ambush on both sides of the door with swords, guns and crossbows. After the arrangement, Ban Chao set fire to the downwind. At that time, 36 people clamored before and after, and the momentum was huge. The Huns were in a mess, and there was no way out. Ban Chao personally killed three Huns, his men also killed more than 30 people, and the rest of the Huns died in the fire.

The next day, Ban Chao reported it to Guo Yao. Guo Yao was surprised first, and then uneven colors appeared on his face. Knowing that he was jealous, Ban Chao raised his hand and said to him, "Although I can't do it, why can't Ban Chao do it alone?" ? Guo Yaoxi is happy with the color. Ban Chao invited King Shanshan to show him the head of the Xiongnu messenger. King Shanshan was shocked and shocked the whole country. Ban Chao kindly comforted him, and he had a point. King Shanshan expressed his willingness to join the Han Dynasty and agreed to send the prince to the Han Dynasty as a proton.

Ban Chao completed his mission, led the people back to Beijing and reported the situation to Dou Gu. Dou Gu was overjoyed. The above table shows the process and achievements of Ban Chao's mission, requesting the emperor to send envoys to the Western Regions again. The emperor appreciated Ban Chao's bravery and strategy and thought that he was a rare talent. He said to Dou Gu, "Why don't you choose a better official than Ban Chao? Today, with Chao as the army Sima, there is much to be done "(Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty). Dou Gu thinks there are too few people in Ban Chao and wants to give him more. Ban Chao said, "It's enough to transfer our office from more than 30 people. If something goes wrong, no matter how many benefits there are, you will be tired (Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty).

Ban Chao and others headed for the Western Regions and soon arrived in Khotan (also known as Yu Zhen, Xicheng, Wang Zhi, now Hotan, Xinjiang). At that time, Wang Guangde in Khotan had just conquered shache (shache, Wang Zhi, now shache, Xinjiang), and the Xiongnu sent an envoy to Khotan, named lord protector, who actually held the power of the country. After Ban Chao arrived in Khotan, King Khotan was rude and cold to him. At that time, witchcraft prevailed in Khotan, and the wizard said to King Khotan, "Why are you angry with Han? Is there one in Han Shi? Ma, hurry up and find me at the shrine "(Biography of Were Ban Chao). King Khotan sent someone to Ban Chao to beg for horses. Ban Chao knew what had happened and readily agreed. However, it is recommended that the wizard take the lead. When the wizard arrived, Ban Chao jumped in, killed him, and returned his head to King Khotan. Knowing the stakes, he was responsible for morality. King Khotan had long heard that Ban Chao had killed the Xiongnu emissary in Shanshan, and he was very afraid. He immediately ordered the killing of Xiongnu messengers and joined the Han Dynasty. Ban Chao gave it to the King of Khotan and his courtiers.

At that time, King Qiuci (Wang Zhiyan, now the eastern suburb of Kuqa County, Xinjiang) supported by Xiongnu was overbearing on the North Road. He sent troops to attack Shule (Shule, Wang Zhi, now Kashgar, Xinjiang), killed the king, and set up another Qiuci pocket, named Shule King. The Shule kingdom was actually in the hands of Qiuci people. The following spring, Ban Chao led his men to Shule. Ban Chao went to the 90-mile-long city where pocahontas lived and sent his official Tian Lin to capture pocahontas. Ban Chao instructed: "Pocket book-asking is not a frugality, so the people of China would not have to die. If you don't fall, you can hold it "(Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty). Tian Yu looked at the topic alone. Seeing Tian alone, he didn't mean to surrender at all. Tian caught him by surprise and hijacked him. Suddenly, the people in Doutie ran away in fear. Tian Chan galloped to Ban Chao to report to me. Ban Chao immediately came to the city. He summoned all the civil and military officials in Shule, told them Qiuci's unreasonable behavior, and announced that Zhong, the nephew of the monarch of Shule, who had been killed, was named king. People who are frugal are happy. The new king and a group of officials wanted to kill Douti, but Ban Chao, proceeding from the overall situation, persuaded everyone and released Douti to show Wade's trust in the Han Dynasty. Relax and calm down.

So far, Ban Chao has been to China twice, and with his wisdom and courage, Shanshan, Khotan and Shule have successively restored friendly relations with the Han Dynasty.

In 75 AD, Emperor Hanming died, and the state of Yanqi (Qucheng, one of the five rulers, belongs to South Acheng, now Yanqi Hui Autonomous County, Xinjiang) took the opportunity of the Han Dynasty to besiege Duhu in the western regions and killed Duhu Mu Chen. Ban Chao was isolated, and countries such as Qiuci and Gu Mo (now Wensu and Aksu in Xinjiang) sent troops to attack Shule many times. Ban Chao and Shule Zhong Wang are horns, echoing each other from beginning to end and refusing to defend the city. Although he was alone, he refused to keep it for more than a year.

In 76 AD, Zhang ascended the throne, and the court considered him dead. Worried that Ban Chao was alone at the border and could not support him, he ordered Ban Chao to return home. Ban Chao was ordered to return, which worried the whole country. Commander-in-Chief Li Jian said: "If Special Envoy China abandons me, I will be suppressed by Qiuci again. I can't bear to see the Han envoy "(Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty). With that, he drew his sword and killed himself. Ban Chao led the army to Khotan, where the King Hou and all the people were in tears. They said, "I'm like my parents, so I really can't go" (The Biography of Were Ban Chao). Many people still cling to Ban Chao's legs, struggling to retain. When Ban Chao saw this scene, he knew that his elder would never let him go back to the East, and he wanted to stay here and fulfill his ambition of making contributions in a foreign country, so he resolutely decided not to go back to the Han Dynasty and return to Shule. The two cities of Shule, after leaving Ban Chao, have returned to Qiuci to join forces with Weitou Prefecture (now Akqi, Xinjiang). The picture shows chaos. Ban Chao captured the rebel leader alive, defeated the Weitou country, killed more than 600 people, and restored peace in Le Shu.

In the third year of the founding of Zhang Han (78), Ban Chao led more than 10,000 soldiers from Shule and other countries to attack Gu Mo, beheaded 700 soldiers and isolated Qiuci.

In five years (80 years), Ban Chao wrote to Emperor Zhang, analyzed the situation of the western countries and his own situation, and put forward the idea of taking the opportunity to pacify the western countries.

The book said: "I secretly saw that the first emperor wanted to open the western regions, so I attacked the Huns in the north and established foreign countries in the west, and doing good deeds turned into real time." Now rice, shache, Shule, Yueshi, Wusun, Kangju, etc. are all willing to join in, trying to crush Qiuci so that they can cross the Han Dynasty. If you get Qiuci, you will get 1% that the western regions are unconvinced. I am my own slave, and I am a small official. I really want to work in Ji Gu and abandon myself in the wilderness of Zhang Qian. In the past, Jiang Wei's doctors from all over the world were able to reconcile with Zhu Rong. Kuang Chen was under the power of the big fellow, but he didn't have to use a chisel to chisel. Previous discussants all said that we should take thirty-six countries and count the Huns' right arms. Today, all countries in the western regions, big and small, have defected to the future since they entered the customs, and have never stopped paying tribute, except Yanqi and Qiuci. Before the minister and 36 officials, they were appointed as territories, and they were prepared for difficulties. In the five years since I was alone in Le Shu, I know Okoyi's feelings quite well. When asked whether the battlements are big or small, they all say' Eternal Korea'. If it is effective, the gun collar can pass, and the general rules of the gun collar can be cut by Qiuci. Today, it is advisable to worship Qiuci's servant Baiba as the king, ride a hundred steps to send him and unite with other countries. In his spare time, Qiuci can be a bird. It is also a good plan to attack Yidi with Yidi. I saw that shache and Shule have fertile fields and grazing, which is not as good as Dunhuang. Soldiers can eat and be self-sufficient without China.