Dai Li is a famous villain in modern history. Who can help me tell his story?

Dai Li, formerly known as Dai, changed his name and took the exam again after failing to take the Huangpu Military Academy exam for the first time. He is a student of Huangpu Phase VI, Dai Li and his mother.

[1] It is said that renaming is also very particular. The fortune-teller counted him as a twin phoenix who got up in the morning, but the five elements were short of water, so his name became rich with water, also to commemorate his friends Xu Liang and Wang Kongan who were admitted together (and later played an important role in the military system). Dai Li's name is taken from "Although Qing went to Dai Li by bus, we got off the bus the next day"; I'll walk, you ride, and I'll see you tomorrow. "In memory of my poor friend, the word Nong Yu was also changed at that time, and all the five elements in the name made up water. But since then, Dai Li has gradually prospered, and that is another story. In the end, he didn't escape the bad luck of sudden death in the rainstorm. Dai Li's aliases are Jiang Hanqing, Wang Tao, Shen and Hong Miao. Shen Zui, stationmaster of Shanghai Railway Station and director of Dai Li General Affairs Department, pointed out his boss's lackeys' loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek and said that he was willing to be a pawn of Chiang Kai-shek. Dai Li's own "render one's services" statement seems to reveal that he is willing to accept such inhuman treatment from his master. Dai Li himself is proud that he can "persist in the will of the leaders and appreciate their painstaking efforts". In the eyes of opponents, this conceit is a manifestation of Dai Li's fanatical loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek's belief that there is a public without me and there is a public without me. Like all slaves of autocratic politics, Dai Li is a contradictory combination of the strong and the weak. As a member of Chiang Kai-shek's inner circle, he is in power. But his humility to Chiang Kai-shek and obedience to the leader finally proved his weakness in character. Dai Li is the commander in chief's most trusted subordinate and escort, and only obeys the commander in chief's orders. He conducts internal investigation for the commander-in-chief and is responsible for the safety of the commander-in-chief. Dai and his ubiquitous spy organization are regarded as the medium of informal "business" transactions between China and foreign countries, with high efficiency. Zhou Enlai, the contact of the producer in Chongqing, once said that Dai Li controlled military communication, finance and foreign affairs through his secret organization. ) ..... His secret police organization was used to counter the party police under the control of the "CC" faction at that time, which reflected one of the most basic policy principles of the commander-in-chief in controlling the Kuomintang, that is, to achieve the balance of various forces through constraints. He is a concrete symbol of the autocratic tendency of the Kuomintang later. As a concrete symbol of Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship, Dai Li also represents the Military Investigation and Statistics Bureau, one of the most powerful institutions in the Kuomintang government. Chiang Kai-shek and Dai Li

1943, American military attaché described the Military Command (MSB) as follows: this organization is not listed in the list of government agencies in China, but it is one of the most powerful and important organizations in China. It is the senior leading body of China's army. Its leader, General Dai Li, may have more authority than other members of the CMC. In fact, this bureau is a secret organization in China. According to reliable information, it has more than 20,000 male and female members. One of its main functions is to crack down on the activities of the * * * production party. However, all espionage and intelligence work is carried out under its guidance. Many of its activities overlap with the intelligence section of the Military Action Committee, and the deputy chief of the section has direct contact with the bureau. The Bureau also controlled China agents in Shanghai and other places outside the Kuomintang-controlled areas. Dai Li was one of Chiang Kai-shek's former Huangpu Military Academy officers. He is usually called "General", but it is said that he has no rank. Well-informed sources say that in today's China, he has more power than anyone except the Commander-in-Chief. He is considered to be the only person who can see Chiang Kai-shek anytime and anywhere. Dai Li (middle) and U.S. Strategic Director Deng Nuowen.

Therefore, Dai Li's personal influence as the leader of one of the most powerful secret police in China is hard to separate from his close relationship with Chiang Kai-shek. In everyone's imagination, he at least represents the dark side of dictatorship; As Shen Zui said, he was a commander in chief with a knife, but in the eyes of the people, he was Chiang Kai-shek's executioner. In fact, the independence that Dai Li may enjoy comes from his own deterrence, but on the other hand, this deterrence comes almost entirely from his proximity to Jiang-plus his well-known and ubiquitous eyes, ears and minions. Like all police chiefs, Dai Li's deterrent comes from people believing that his people are everywhere. Some people at home and abroad think: "As we all know, Scout is China's secret police. Compared with any spy network in the world, it has more agents and covers a wider area." 1946, US military intelligence estimated that there were180,000 undercover agents in Dai Li-40,000 of them worked for him all day. These agents wearing special uniforms and military uniforms include: 70,000 armed guerrillas, 20,000 rangers, the Loyalty and Salvation Army with152,965,438+0 soldiers, and 40,000 organized pirates off the coast of China. These add up to 32? 50,000 actual or potential personnel are working for the head of the secret police. Although he likes torture in the end, cruelty itself is not the key to his deterrence. Although he killed many people, he was not a pathological sadist. He doesn't like it himself. When he orders the assassination of a killer, he usually keeps a little distance from the plan. There is no doubt that he has a perverted pleasure in his power to dispose of others' death from a distance, but it is an irresistible satisfaction of the mysterious nemesis: death is far away and close at hand. As a result, Dai Li's ability to remain aloof and mysterious makes him unpredictable, so he becomes more treacherous and dangerous in people's eyes. Few people know what happened in Dai Li. He has houses and hiding places all over China, but his route and destination are always hidden. An American who traveled with him once told me, "He never lets anyone know where he will go from this moment to that moment. He always spreads rumors before going anywhere." Say you want to go to X, and then go straight to Y ". In the city, his people always call people to say that he is on his way, and they know that this phone will be tapped; At the same time, Dai Li went to other places. Because of eavesdropping, he forbade his office to arrange an appointment for him on the phone. Americans found that their request for a date with him must be sealed in an envelope, and the reply was submitted in this way. He can even hide himself. Reporter Epstein recalled a meeting held by the Kuomintang for him before he went to Yan 'an to interview the * * * production party. The meeting was presided over by General He, whom Americans regarded as Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted. Wang Bensheng and Dong Xianguang, Japanese intelligence experts of the Kuomintang, also attended. It was not until the end of the meeting that Epstein remembered that there was a fourth person present. He was at the back of the room and few people noticed him. This man has dark skin and stubble. Although he is not necessarily sinister, he looks like a toad to Epstein. He is naturally Dai Li. His dark skin also left a strong impression on others, including his later deputy "Mary" Meles. From the outside, in the eyes of many Americans, Dai Li is more like a Latin American than an American. He is short, strong and black. Some people say, "He is a bit like Baptista". He wore ordinary clothes in wartime: usually black riding boots, ordinary blue uniform and outdated European hat. The most striking thing about his appearance is his hands. "They are strange, but cute," an American once told me. "They are not as big as my three fingers. Look at him sitting at his desk, wearing a silk China robe, with a sly smile on his face, and suddenly he has a hand like a porcelain doll. If you used to think he was a cruel man, he is more insidious now. " Others can feel his strange and deformed appearance, and Dai Li is proud of this feature. The monotony of his clothes reinforced this point, and at the same time, he was more willing to remain anonymous. Because of this, although he often entertains guests-especially in Chongqing, his banquet in the horse hall or tiger hall of a mansion is famous among Americans for its exquisite tableware, excellent coffee and Napoleon brandy-his life is actually quite simple. For example, when he was in Nanjing, he was notoriously indifferent to his living conditions. He used straw mats instead of carpets in his house at 53 Ji 'e Lane. He rented a two-story house near LAM Raymond Bridge in the French Concession, which was as ordinary as his little Dobbeke car at that time. Therefore, although some people think that he made a fortune, especially the windfall of the war, others think that he is not interested in money at all except making deals with others, including his subordinates. Most people think that Dai Li's wealth is huge, but no one knows exactly how much. He claimed to work for Chiang Kai-shek's government for free, which made his personal income very mysterious. Some people say that his income comes from secret dealings with the enemy. American Air Force pilots once said that they came from opium, saying that they took off from Chengdu in the west, transported mercury to the northern provinces in exchange for opium, and then handed it over to Dai Li. But as others have pointed out, Chiang Kai-shek showed no mercy to anyone or anything related to opium, and Dai Li's loyalty to Chiang Kai-shek and his principles was always beyond reproach. According to Bishop Megan's records, Dai Li, as the head of the anti-smuggling agency (then attached to the Ministry of Finance), his position made it very easy for him to understand (and profit from) illegal transactions and smuggling activities. But Megan, who knew everything about China at that time, thought that Dai Li himself had not participated in any such activities. Dai Li's obsession with secrecy and anonymity endows his power with another feature, which is invulnerability. The article in Coleus magazine that made him a legend in the United States mentioned many times that Dai cleverly escaped arrest, time bomb and Japanese capture: "Dai Li's impeccable statement soon became part of his personal legend." Another American writer once described how Dai Li escaped the capture of the enemy 159 plainclothes "in his usual way of disappearing"; Even when it was reported that he died in a plane crash, he might still be playing games with death, but he was not hurt at all. "No one knows how many times Dai Li's enemies tried to catch or kill him. He played tricks on death again and again, which made him enjoy the legendary reputation of invulnerability." Although Dai Li is withdrawn and secretive, he still has a wide range of acquaintances and friends at all levels of society. Most of them are useful to him, including old guards, as well as important officers, bankers, overseas businessmen, Shanghai gangsters and leaders of secret societies in Sichuan. Zhang Zeng, editor-in-chief of Su Bao and Jiayin Weekly, was his good friend, and he also wrote an article praising Dai Li's funeral on 1946. Interestingly, some of his friends are Buddhists or Catholics. Among Catholics, Dai Li's friends include Cardinal Tian of China, French Bishop in Chongqing and Yu Ping, a Catholic priest in China. Among them, his relationship with Paul Yu Pin may include business contacts. Because it was through Paul Yupin that Dai Li was able to carry out intelligence gathering activities in a local Catholic church in the Shaanxi-Gansu border region under the control of the Northwest Military Commission. But Dai Li's larger circle of friends went beyond the simple division of religion or non-religion, especially after he became famous. Later, he also established relationships with football stars, reception queen Chen, president Gong Debai of Nanjing jiuwang daily and Peking Opera actors. Among all the members of the Shanghai Cafe, Dai Li's most notorious friend is Hu Die.

[2] It's Tang Shengming, who often accompanies the secret police to visit brothels and casinos. Dai Li's romantic life in Shanghai is also a part of his face. In this regard, Tang Zeng said: "Dai Li is a strange person. He is inseparable from the charm of women. " Perhaps this is why Tang Shengming must ask his wife Xu Lai to introduce movie star Hu Die to Dai Li. Hu Die later became the mistress of the spy chief in the Pacific War. These friends, especially those who wrote and published various biographies in Taiwan Province Province after the publication of General Meles' memoirs about SACO, have different descriptions of Dai Li's image. A large number of books have sprung up praising Dai Li, including biographies written by Joe, Mao Zhongxin and Liu Pei. Zhang Yisheng, a Taiwan Province writer, devoted himself to describing the heroes in the modern Water Margin in northern China. Based on second-hand materials and interviews with former military officials, he wrote a biography for Dai Li, depicting the spy chief as a "passionate patriot" loyal to the leader. Dai Li is thoughtful and has a ruthless insight into any hint of subversive behavior, but he is generous and tolerant to his friends and subordinates. In the late 1930s, a colleague close to Dai Li described the head of the secret police to Zhang: Mr. Dai Li is a very rational and emotional person. Because he drifted away from home since he was a child, his contacts were different from ordinary people, and at the same time, because he studied hard and read a lot of ancient books in China, he was able to integrate Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism with chivalry. Mr. Dai's subordinates all respect and fear him. Even though they were punished by him, they never complained or held a grudge. Even 22 years after his death, they still have no complaints about him. Dai Li's old partners all emphasize that their leaders have strong memory and great energy. It is said that he can stay up for days and nights without feeling tired at all. And even if he is tired, he can immediately perceive a situation or a person's actions, and then try to make full use of the situation. Therefore, his people believe that it is futile to hide the truth from the secret police chief under any circumstances, because he can expose the fraud without exception. In addition, his decisive leadership style and magnanimity have repeatedly proved his decisive ability and talent in controlling the situation. Hu Zongnan, the general of the Kuomintang, summed up Dai Li's character in this way: "A conceited rain farmer like the Monkey King thinks that the moon in the sky can be caught and there is almost no difficulty to cross. His greatest strength is his profound understanding of the world, and his greatest weakness is his willfulness and impatience, and he cannot keep secrets. " Despite such a cautious description of Dai, people still can't compare his heroic image in the eyes of KMT supporters with his reputation in the bitter enemy * * * Production Party (many of his supporters even think that China * * * Production Party would not have won the civil war if he hadn't died in the air crash on March 1946). In Red Rock, we saw descriptions of the brutal officers in Dai Li and People's Republic of China (PRC). After Dai Li's death, left-wing journalists immediately accused Dai Li of assassinating outstanding political leaders such as the leader of China Civil Rights Protection League, raping and torturing countless unarmed women, and massacring thousands of young people in China who opposed Chiang Kai-shek's brutal dictatorship. "The secret world is a morbid world, which attracts men and women who are confused about their true identity. They only feel safe under the cover of secrets ... this makes them out of a real world composed of rational causality, and may make them think that because they know what others don't know, they have the ability to do whatever they want without being restricted by ordinary people. " Whenever we remind ourselves of this, we will undoubtedly doubt these diametrically opposite descriptions of Dai Li. The particularity of the secret world may just explain Dai Li's image full of doubts, but this ambiguous situation should not make us give up our obligation to know Dai Li, because he represents at least a specific aspect of modern China consciousness. Especially when one revolution overthrew the imperial system in China and another revolution is coming, if we only regard General Dai's political thought and practice as a reflection of the spirit of that era, then this effort should not be a task worthy of boasting. Those political upheavals produced a culture of violence, which was caused by the cruel practices of the underground society and stimulated by the revolutionary imagination that was about to tremble. In all these historical twists and turns, Dai Li is only a rough reflection of his distorted era.

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