Answers to winter exercise books in Jinan in 2009

The title is "Winter in Jinan" and the conclusion is "This is Jinan in Winter". Why are the positions of "Jinan" and "Winter" exchanged? The author has three artistic originality:

First, echo from beginning to end is one of the methods used in many styles. In order to avoid using the title at the end, the author interchanged the positions of the title subject and some words. This change has attracted readers' attention and connoisseurs' interest, and it has the beauty of being hidden deeper than shallow and strange than flat.

Second, Winter in Jinan takes "winter" as the central word. Seeing this, you will immediately feel the feeling of winter: the north wind is blowing on your face, snowflakes are falling, and the snow is thick and icy, all of which reveal a chill. Can read the full text, sunshine is not dull, cold is not warm, the author's node is "Jinan in winter" and the central word is changed to "Jinan", which highlights the unique charm of Jinan in winter and makes readers experience the change from cold to warm, which is really better than eight.

Third, "Winter in Jinan" as the central word "winter" is a season, giving people a general and abstract feeling. The author creates a confusing suspense with abstraction (what is it like? ), and then write a specific winter Jinan with a beautiful pen. Mountain is a cradle-like mountain, too delicate mountain, a small ink-and-wash mountain; Water is steaming water, blue water and clear water. Interchange of ending subject and partial word markers

It is really natural to write "This is Jinan in winter" from intangible to tangible, from colorless to colored, from vague virtual to all kinds of solid! ③

Winter in Jinan is different from Jinan in Winter. "Jinan in Winter" falls in the place of "Jinan", focusing on the scene; Winter in Jinan falls in the "winter" season, focusing on feeling (spirit). The title of the article is Winter in Jinan, which shows that the author wrote it from the perspective of feeling (spirit), not from the perspective of scenery. ④

Literary form/style/genre

This is a landscape essay. Prose should be scattered in form rather than spirit. Winter in Jinan has this characteristic. The article describes various natural scenes of Jinan in winter: there are quiet hills and clear rivers; There are ancient cities and small villages; There are pine and cypress weeping willows and green algae; There is a scene before the snow, and there is a scene after the snow; There are reflections in the water and "positive shadows" that are not reflected in the water. Red, yellow, blue, white and black are mottled; Mountains, trees, water, grass and sky are all polymorphic and colorful, and they are all written in. It is really the beauty of the word "three" in prose. But it won't go away. Such a complicated description revolves around a theme, that is, the warm and sunny weather in Jinan in winter. The word "Wen Qing" always leads to the full text, which makes the context of the article clear, miscellaneous but not chaotic, complicated but not complicated. ⑤

structure

The full text is divided into two parts.

The first part (1 paragraph): By comparing the place where I once lived with the winter in Jinan, it is pointed out that Jinan is a "treasure land" with "warm and sunny weather in the northern winter". Compared with the winter in Beijing, the winter in Jinan is "windless". Compared with winter in London, winter in Jinan is "sunny". Compared with tropical places, the winter weather in Jinan is "warm and sunny". Draw a conclusion: "Jinan is a treasure." (Connecting the preceding with the following, transition to the second part)

Part II (paragraphs 2-5): Write "Utopia" first, and then "Ancient Jinan". Write "ideal situation" (the old city, with mountains and water, sunshine, warmth and comfort), which is divided into two layers:

The first floor: write about the special environment formed by the hill to Jinan: the hill surrounds Jinan, and only the north side is missing a little, which is particularly lovely.

Second floor: the hill with light snow written on it. write

There are black dwarf pines, white mountain light, accompanied by the color of grass, blue sky, yellowish sunset, and pink Bo Xue slanting by sunset.

Writing "Ancient Jinan" is divided into three layers:

The first floor: there are some small villages lying on the hillside, and some snow is lying on the roof of the small villages-small ink paintings painted by celebrities in the Tang Dynasty.

The second layer: write about water, algae and weeping willows, with emphasis on water.

The third layer: write clear river water, blue sky, yellow grass mountain with red roof and gray tree shadows. (overall feeling)

theme

This article seems to be an objective description of the scenery and has no ideological sustenance. In fact, it contains the author's love for the motherland. An intellectual who has been wandering in a foreign country for six or seven years will naturally feel this patriotic feeling from his heart when he returns to his motherland. And this kind of true feelings is expressed through the love for the mountains, water, grass and trees of the motherland, which makes it more cordial and deep. ③

The main theme of Jinan in winter is: warmth and comfort.

The finishing touch is the second sentence of the second paragraph: "Please close your eyes and think: ... Is this an ideal state?" "An ancient city with mountains and water" is about Jinan, "... sleeping, just waiting for the spring breeze to wake them up" is about winter, and "warmth and comfort in the sun" is about characteristics; Everything in the world points out the main reason of "warmth and comfort", and "warmth and comfort" is the effect. The basic meaning of this sentence is that winter in Jinan is warm and comfortable.

The author writes the warm and comfortable characteristics of Jinan in winter from three angles. First, explain it directly from the geographical environment ("The hills surround Jinan ……"), second, describe it from people's performance, feelings and fantasies ("Jinan people are laughing in winter …"), and third, set off the warmth and comfort of Jinan in winter with the scenery. Liu Xizai said in the "Art Outline": "The spirit of the mountain cannot be written, but it is written in the haze; The spirit of spring cannot be written,

Write with grass trees. This paper adopts this method. The spirit of winter can't be written, it is written by people, the sun, mountains and water. Write economy by setting off first.

Winter in the south is "windless", "bright eyes" and "warm", which highlights the theme of "warmth and comfort". The following focuses on the landscape of Jinan. Use delicate hills and beautiful scenery to "warm" and two words to "lie down" to "be comfortable". Next, write about water, with the background of "no ice", "steaming", "true green algae" and "weeping willow taking pictures" to create a warm and peaceful atmosphere. Finally, the "Blue Crystal" was wrapped in "Red Top Yellow Grass Mountain". ..... "This overall beauty highlights the' spirit' of' warmth and comfort'. ④

Writing characteristics

1. The artistic features of this article are remarkable and can be summarized as the following six points.

(1) Grasping the main features of the scenery, the full text has consistent tones and harmonious colors.

The winter climate in Jinan is characterized by the word "warm sun". The article firmly grasps this point, so that all kinds of scenery in the pen are closely linked with the "warm and sunny" weather. Articles about mountains, water, cities and people are all painted with a layer of warm sunshine. Even writing snow scenes is still related to Wen Qing-because it is warm, "it is best to snow a little"; And it can't be separated from Sunny, because Sunny, so it's as thin as "Wait until autumn ...".

Snow seems to suddenly hurt shame, revealing a little pink "landscape"

The second natural section mainly focuses on the panoramic view of Jinan, the third and fourth natural sections mainly focus on the mountain view of Jinan, and the fifth natural section mainly focuses on the water view. The full text is a long axis composed of these interrelated and relatively independent pictures, and this long axis is also unified by this "warm and clear" tone, giving people a harmonious aesthetic feeling.

The full text is colorful. We can see more than ten kinds of colors: blue sky, white snow, blue-black dwarf pine, dark Huangshan, green algae, red roof, gray shadow, silver edge, light yellow sunshine, pink Bo Xue ... These colors are so bright, symmetrical, quiet and charming.

(2) The arrangement of scenery levels is proper, and the scenery comes in droves and is orderly.

Let readers have a bird's eye view of the whole city (the second natural section), then enjoy the sunset after the mountains and snow (the third and fourth natural sections), and finally go to the weeping willow bank to enjoy the waterscape of "the water is not frozen, and the green duckweed is steamed" (the fifth natural section), from big to small, from mountains to water, with distinct levels. This is a big level, and there are similarities and differences within the big level. For example, in the second paragraph, by writing about scenery and

In writing people, the third natural paragraph is written by snow and sunny, and the fifth natural paragraph is written by water and sky. The brushwork is vivid and patchy.

The hierarchical arrangement of the full-text scenery is like the movement of the lens: first look at the panoramic view of the "cradle" → the surrounding hills → (top-down) the summit, with a silver edge; On the hillside, some small villages are sandwiched by water patterns; On the mountainside, pink snow → look at the river below → the green algae in the water are steaming → the weeping willows at the water → (bottom-up) air → air → sky, all of which are so clear and blue.

(three) the framing distance and size are appropriate, the scenery or scale is hundreds of miles, or the details are perfect. Such a big Jinan can be placed in a small cradle surrounded by mountains, and the magnificent scenery is just an "ethereal blue crystal". This is the farthest thing from the scenery. "There is a smart white flower on the top of the tree, like a Japanese wet nurse." "The seaweed is really green, and all the green stored all the year round is taken out." This is the scenery.

The closest is the smallest. Foresight broadens people's horizons, while close-up makes people look closely and listen; Vision can break through the limitation of "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain", and vision can avoid the disadvantage of "seeing the forest but not the trees". The ancients said: "The distant mountains are colored, and the water near them is silent." . This means that unless you are far away, you can't see that the mountains are actually colored. If you don't listen carefully, you can't feel the running water. Thus, the skills of landscape writing can not be ignored. In this paper, when writing landscape, not only the distance is used, but also the details are big and small, often from near to far, from small to big; Or from far to near, from big to small. For example, the fifth paragraph, from near to far, from small to large: first write steamed water, then write algae, then write weeping willows, and then write the sky above the water, even mid-air and sky. The first paragraph is naturally from far to near, from big to small: first write outside the city, then write on the hillside outside the city, then write on the small village on the hillside, and then write on the snow on the roof of the small village. This kind of writing not only conforms to the logical order of narration, but also meets the visual needs of readers.

(4) The scenery is well set off, and the images of the scenery are more vivid in mutual setting off.

To write the scenery well, the key is not only to set it off, but also to set it off properly. If you get it right, it will complement each other and turn mediocrity into magic. The article sets off a bun of white flowers on the top of the tree with a sharp style; Set off the blue sky with all-white peaks; Use a white road on the hillside to set off a yellow road; With a yellowish sunset, it sets off the pink of Bo Xue, which is a wonderful foil. The "Huangcaoshan" and "Little Gray Shadow" mentioned in the article are not very beautiful in themselves, but they are beautiful in the following passage: "Look, look up slowly from the clarified river. ...

This is an ethereal blue crystal. In this crystal, there are red roofs and yellow grass hills, like small gray shadows of flowers on the carpet; This is Jinan in winter. "This is a world of how to dye with colored dots! And "Yellow Grass Mountain" and "Little Gray Shadow" are an indispensable part of this beautiful picture.

(5) When writing scenery, use both the virtual and the real, and the scenery looks like a legend.

It is necessary to write the image of the scene truly, but to be more vivid than description, we must rely on virtual writing. Therefore, in the author's pen, Jinan in the winter sun has the expression of "sleeping warmly and comfortably, just waiting for the spring breeze to wake them up"; A circle of hills surrounded by the city will also whisper "don't worry, it will be warm here"; Those skilled weeping willows "need to take a picture in the water". These are beautiful sentences in the text.

(6) If the topic is pointed out properly, the meaning contained in the landscape itself will be more obvious.

The topic of this paper is very targeted, and a few words will get the finishing touch. For example, after describing the scenery of Xiaoxiao Snow Mountain, the article suddenly turned to the topic like a commentator: "It just snowed, Jinan can't stand the heavy snow, and those hills are so delicate!" This statement can be said not only in the described picture, but also in the described picture.

Once pointed out, the beauty of a little light snow in Jinan is above the scenery written.

Second, this paper has the characteristics of painting beauty, which is embodied in the following two points.

(A) the use of color contrast images.

1. The "warm" color of Jinan in winter is set off more vividly by the roar of the north wind and the cold chestnut in Beijing in winter. Warm the village with cold.

2. The bleak gloom of London fog sets off the "bright" color of Jinan in winter. Contrast light with darkness.

3. Set off the "warm" color of Jinan in winter with the terrible scorching sun in the tropics. Heat the lining temperature.

this

The method of "shaping by shape" in painting art is applied in painting.

(two) from the complex scenery, grasp the main features of the main scenery, outstanding performance.

Shen Kuo said: "The mountains and rivers cover a grand view, like a man seeing a rockery." Mr. Lao She used the composition method of "taking the big picture as small". The author made a simple and freehand description of the land in Jinan: he painted the city, not the southeast and northwest of the city, but the beautiful sleeping state of Jinan in winter. Painting the mountain, instead of drawing the top, bottom, left and right of the mountain, only grasps the main characteristics of the mountain: "The whole mountain surrounds Jinan, only the north is missing." Then guide

The reader began to imagine: "This circle of hills is particularly lovely in winter. It's like putting Jinan in a small cradle. They whispered,' Don't worry, it's hard to keep warm here.' Painting people, men and women, old and young, do not draw people, do not draw characters, but only draw the most important characteristics of Jinan winter characters: "Jinan people are laughing in winter." The city and the mountain make up a picture. ③

Third, "comparison" and the use of various rhetorical devices.

By contrast, it shows the "warmth" and "sunshine" of Jinan in winter, which is reflected by metaphor.

1 The natural section is simply a comparison: Beijing compares Jinan, London compares Jinan, and tropical places compare Jinan in winter. Because only by comparison can we compare the characteristics of Jinan in winter. Moreover, because the author has lived in Beiping, London, the tropics and other places, he has had careful observation and personal experience, so he has comparative conditions.

The author 1898 (said 1899) was born in Beijing, and 1924 was employed as a lecturer in Oriental College of London University. After living in London for six years, I returned to China on 1930 via Paris and Singapore. In the meantime, he taught in Singapore for a short time and was appointed as Professor cheeloo university the following year. I lived in Jinan from 65438 to 0934. This experience made it possible for him to observe the winter scene in Jinan from a comparative perspective.

The comparison is not limited to 1 segment.

In the second paragraph, in order to highlight the sunny and warm characteristics of Jinan in winter, winter and spring are compared. But this comparison is not direct, but indirect. For example, "an ancient city with mountains and water is basking in the sun and sleeping comfortably" and "sunshine, warmth and comfort" all make people feel the breath of spring.

Next, it said, "Just wait for the spring breeze to wake them up." Just like spring, but not spring. The author didn't say that winter here is as warm as spring. This is a direct comparison, but written from the feelings of Jinan people: "Tomorrow may be spring?" With such warmth, the grass may turn green tonight? "It seems that spring has arrived. Even better is the following sentence: "even this fantasy can't be realized for a while, and they are not in a hurry, because in such a charity winter, why do they want anything else!" "Although it is not spring, it is not anxious for spring. How clever this comparison is!

The third and fourth paragraphs describe the scene of snow in Jinan in winter, and they are also compared here, compared with other places in the north. The author highlighted the special feature here: "light snow" and said: "Jinan can't stand heavy snow, those hills are too delicate!" This makes people understand the characteristics of Jinan's winter snow scene from the comparison of "thousands of miles frozen and Wan Li snowing".

The fifth paragraph describes the water in Jinan in winter. Use it to "steam duckweed" and compare it with the ice in other parts of the north. The Yellow River in the north of Jinan often freezes in winter, while Jinan seldom freezes. Daming Lake sometimes freezes, but only half of the lake is frozen and the other half is not cold. It is said that it is because there is spring water under the unfrozen half of the lake, "taking some heat".

Generally speaking, this paper is observed and described from a comparative perspective. But this is not a writing method that the author deliberately pursues, but a natural observation and revelation of the author's many years of life experience, so there is no trace of carving.

In the overall expression, contrast is used, while in the local description, many metaphors are used.

For example, "Jinan seems to be placed in a small cradle" as a metaphor for "this circle of hills", "like a Japanese wet nurse" as a metaphor for short pine and snow-covered hills, and "small flowers on the carpet" as a metaphor for "small gray shadow" (the above simile); Put a floral coat with water patterns on the mountain to compare it with "on the hillside, some places have thicker snow, and some places still show grass color", with "the whole is an ethereal blue crystal" to compare it with "slowly rising from the clear river, and the air, air and sky are so clear from top to bottom", and with "it is a small ink painting" to compare it with "on the top"

"Winter in Jinan" is the second text in Unit 3, Book 1 of Nine-year Compulsory Education Junior High School Textbook (Trial Revision) newly published by People's Education Publishing House this year. This unit selects essays describing the scenery of the four seasons to show readers the different characteristics of the four seasons.