Who knows the specific properties of methanol, acetyl chloride and dichloromethane?

The national standard number of dichloromethane is 6 1552.

CAS login number 75-09-2

EINECS login number 200-838-9

Chinese name dichloromethane

English name dichloromethane; Dichloromethane; dichloromethane

Another name for dichloroethylene

The molecular formula CH2Cl2；; Appearance and properties of H2CCl2 colorless transparent volatile liquid. It has a pungent smell similar to ether.

Molecular weight 84.94

Boiling point: 39.8℃

The vapor pressure is 30.55 kPa (10℃).

Melting point -95. 1℃

Relative density 1.3266(20/4℃)

Water-soluble 20g/L (20? c)

The autoignition point is 640℃.

Viscosity (20℃) 0.43 MPa sec

Refractive index nD(20℃) 1.4244.

The critical temperature is 237 DEG C,

The critical pressure is 6.0795 MPa.

The solubility is about 50 times that of water, and it is soluble in phenol, aldehyde, ketone, glacial acetic acid, triethyl phosphate, ethyl acetoacetate and cyclohexylamine. It is miscible with other chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents, such as ethanol, ether and N, N- dimethylformamide.

After pyrolysis, HCl and trace phosgene are produced, which are heated with water for a long time to produce formaldehyde and HCl. Further chlorination can produce CHCl3 and CCl4. Colorless volatile liquid. Hard to burn. Steam and air form an explosive mixture with an explosion limit of 6.2% ~ 15.0% (by volume). Dichloromethane reacts with sodium hydroxide to form formaldehyde. In industry, dichloromethane is produced by the reaction of natural gas and chlorine, and purified by rectification. It is an excellent organic solvent, which is often used to replace flammable petroleum ether and ether, and can be used as dental local anesthetic, refrigerant and fire extinguishing agent. The irritation to skin and mucosa is slightly greater than chloroform, so attention should be paid when using high concentration dichloromethane.

Packaging, storage and transportation are sealed in galvanized iron drums, each of which is 250kg, and can be transported by train tankers and automobiles. Should be stored in a cool, dark, dry and well-ventilated place, and pay attention to moisture.

Hazard label 15 (hazardous substances) is mainly used as solvent in resin and plastic industry [edit this paragraph ]2. Impact on the environment This substance may be harmful to the environment and accumulate in underground water. Special attention should be paid to aquatic organisms. We should also pay attention to air pollution.

I. Health hazards

Invasion route: inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption.

Health hazard: This product has anesthetic effect, which mainly damages the central nervous system and respiratory system. The main route of human contact is inhalation. It has been determined that in indoor production environment, when dichloromethane is used as paint remover, there is a high concentration of dichloromethane. Through contact with the surrounding air, drinking water and food, the dose of the general population is much lower. It is estimated that about 80% of the world output of dichloromethane is released into the atmosphere, but it is impossible to accumulate in the atmosphere because of the rapid photolysis of this compound. Its initial degradation products are phosgene and carbon monoxide, and then converted into carbon dioxide and hydrochloric acid. When dichloromethane exists in surface water, most of it will evaporate. In the presence of oxygen, it is easily biodegradable, so bioaccumulation seems unlikely. However, its behavior in soil needs to be determined.

Second, toxicological data and environmental behavior.

Toxicity: Oral toxicity is moderate.

Acute toxicity: LD 50 1600 ~ 2000 mg/kg (by mouth in rats); LC5056.2g/m3, 8h (inhaled by mice); Mice inhaled 67.4g/m3×67 minutes, resulting in death; Oral 20 ~ 50ml, mild poisoning; People take100 ~150ml orally, causing death; People inhale 2.9 ~ 4.0g/m3, and feel dizzy after 20 minutes.

Subacute and chronic toxicity: Rats inhaled 4.69 g/m3 for 8 hours every day for 75 days without pathological changes. With the increase of exposure time, mild liver atrophy, steatosis and cell infiltration appeared.

Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 5700ppm. DNA inhibition: human fibroblasts 5000ppm/ hour (continuous).

Reproductive toxicity: rats inhaled the lowest toxic concentration (TCL 0) 1250 ppm(7 hours, 6 ~ 15 days of pregnancy), causing abnormal development of musculoskeletal system and urogenital system.

Carcinogenicity: IARC Carcinogenicity Comments: Animals are positive, but humans don't know. Regarding whether patients should regard dichloromethane as a carcinogen in animals and humans, animal experimental data and human epidemiological data are insufficient. However, in view of the recent findings in inhalation studies in rats and mice and the application of these data after the meeting of the task force, dichloromethane should be regarded as a potential carcinogen to humans.

Hazard characteristics: flammable in case of open fire and high heat. Thermal decomposition will release highly toxic phosgene. In case of high heat, the internal pressure of the container rises, which is in danger of rupture and explosion.

Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, phosgene. [Edit this paragraph] 3. On-site emergency monitoring method portable gas chromatograph; Water quality detection tube method; Gas detection tube method

Gas rapid measuring tube (product of Doelger Company) [edit this paragraph] 4. Source categories of laboratory monitoring methods.

Determination of harmful substances in air by gas chromatography (second edition), edited by Hang Shiping.

Purge and Trap-Gas Chromatographic Water Quality of China National Environmental Monitoring Center

Handbook of gas chromatography for testing, analysis and evaluation of solid waste.

Analysis of organic compounds in municipal and industrial wastewater by gas chromatography

Chromatography/mass spectrometry EPA524.2 method water quality [edit this paragraph ]5. Environmental standard The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air of workshops in the former Soviet Union is 50mg/m3.

The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in drinking water sources in China (to be promulgated soon) is 0.02 mg/L.

China (GHZB 1- 1999) has a surface water environmental quality standard (Class I, II and III waters) of 0.005 mg/L.

The former Soviet Union (1975) stipulated that the maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in water was 7.5 mg/L.

Japan (1993) Environmental Standard (mg/L) Surface water: 0.002.

Wastewater: 0.02

Soil leaching solution: 0.002

Olfactory threshold concentration 150ppm [edit this paragraph] 6. Emergency treatment and disposal methods. Emergency treatment of leakage

Quickly evacuate people in the leaked and polluted area to a safe area, isolate them to a certain extent, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire. Emergency personnel are advised to wear self-contained positive pressure sewers, flood discharge ditches and other confined spaces. Small amount of leakage: adsorption or absorption with sand or non-olefin materials. A large number of leaks: building dikes or controlling pits for accommodation; Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster. Pump it into a tank car or a special collector with a pump, and recycle it or transport it to a waste disposal site for treatment.

Garbage disposal method: incineration is recommended. The waste is burned after being mixed with other fuels, and the combustion should be sufficient to prevent the production of phosgene. Nitrogen oxides in the waste gas of incinerator are removed by acid scrubber.

Second, the protective measures

Respiratory system protection: When the concentration in the air exceeds the standard, you should wear a direct gas mask (half mask). Wear air respirator for emergency rescue or evacuation.

Eye protection: Wear chemical safety glasses when necessary.

Physical protection: wear anti-virus infiltration overalls.

Hand protection: Wear chemical resistant gloves.

Others: Smoking and eating are prohibited in the workplace. Take a shower and change clothes after work. Store contaminated clothes separately and wash them for later use. Pay attention to personal hygiene.

Third, first aid measures.

Skin contact: take off contaminated clothes and rinse skin thoroughly with soapy water and clean water.

Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or normal saline. See a doctor.

Inhalation: leave the scene quickly and go to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If you have difficulty breathing, give oxygen. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately. See a doctor.

Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water, induce vomiting and seek medical advice.

Fire extinguishing methods: misty water, sand, foam and carbon dioxide. [Edit this paragraph ]7. Preparation method 1, natural gas chlorination method

Chlorine 100% 4000

The methane content of natural gas (under standard conditions) is 97%1000m3/t/t.

Liquid alkali 100% 274

2, chloromethane chlorination method

Methyl chloride ≥98% 746

Liquid chlorine ≥99.5% 854

Caustic sodium 30% 22 1 methanol methanol

Methanol is a saturated monohydric alcohol with the simplest structure, and its chemical formula is CH3OH. Also known as "wood alcohol" or "wood essence". It is a colorless, alcoholic and volatile liquid. Toxic, drinking 5 ~ 10 ml by mistake can cause blindness, and drinking a lot will lead to death. Methanol is flammable, and its vapor and air can form an explosive mixture. The complete combustion of methanol produces carbon dioxide and water vapor, and at the same time gives off heat. Equation: 2CH3OH+3O2=2CO2+4H2O Industrial preparation method and reserve industry uses the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen (synthesis gas) to prepare methanol under certain conditions.

Methanol can be used as solvent and fuel, and it is also a chemical raw material, mainly used to produce formaldehyde. In methanol molecules, carbon atoms are bound by sp3 hybrid orbitals, and oxygen atoms are bound by sp3 hybrid orbitals, which is a polar molecule. The main parameters are as follows:

The English name of IUPAC is MethanolCASNo. 67-56- 1 rtecNo. PC 1400000SMILESCO chemical formula CH3OH molar mass 32.04 g/mol Appearance colorless liquid density 0.79 18 g/cm? Melting point -97 ℃( 176K) Boiling point 64.7℃ (337K) Solubility in water ~ 15.5 Viscosity 0.59 MPa s (20℃) Molecular dipole moment 1.69 D(g) Standard word for hazard warning properties R/kloc-. R39/23/24/25 safety suggestion standard words S 1/2, S7, S 16, S36/37, S45 Flash point 1 1℃ [Edit this paragraph] Saw projection methanol with physical and chemical properties is colorless, transparent, flammable and volatile. Molecular weight 32.04, relative density 0.792(20/4℃), melting point -97.8℃, boiling point 64.5℃, flash point 12.22℃, auto-ignition point 463.89℃, steam density1./kloc-0. The explosion limit of the mixture of steam and air is 6 ~ 36.5% (volume ratio), and it can be mixed with many organic solvents such as water, ethanol, ether, benzene, ketone, halogenated hydrocarbon, etc., and it is easy to burn when exposed to heat, open flame or oxidant. The combustion reaction formula is:

Methanol+oxygen → carbon dioxide+H2O .[ Edit this paragraph] Uses Methanol has a wide range of uses and is a basic organic chemical raw material and high-quality fuel. Mainly used in fine chemicals, plastics and other fields, it is used to make various organic products such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, methyl chloride, methylamine, dimethyl sulfate, etc. It is also one of the important raw materials for pesticides and medicines. After deep processing, methanol can be used as a new clean fuel or mixed with gasoline. [Edit this paragraph] The production method of methanol is mainly synthesis, and a small amount is a by-product recovered from wood dry distillation. The synthetic chemical reaction formula is:

2H2 + CO → CH3OH

Synthetic methanol can take solid (such as coal and coke), liquid (such as crude oil, heavy oil and light oil) or gas (such as combustible gas such as natural gas) as raw materials, and remove carbon dioxide through gasification purification (desulfurization) to produce certain synthetic gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen). In the presence of different catalysts, different process conditions are selected. Unit output of methanol (divided into high pressure method, low pressure method and medium pressure method), or methanol co-production of synthetic ammonia (combined methanol method). Methyl ether was removed from the synthesized crude methanol by pre-rectification, and the finished methanol was obtained by rectification. High-pressure method is the first method for BASF to realize industrial synthesis, but it will be replaced by ICI low-pressure and medium-pressure method and Lurgi low-pressure and medium-pressure method in the future because of its high energy consumption, complex process, demanding raw materials and many by-products in the products. [Edit this paragraph] The health hazards of methanol are well known to the public because of its toxicity. Industrial alcohol contains about 4% methanol, which is used by criminals as edible alcohol to make fake wine, but methanol poisoning will occur after drinking. The lethal dose of methanol is about 70 ml.

Methanol is very toxic, which has the greatest influence on the nervous system and blood system of human body. Toxic reactions can occur after ingestion through digestive tract, respiratory tract or skin, and methanol vapor can damage human respiratory mucosa and vision. Symptoms of acute poisoning include: headache, nausea, stomachache, fatigue, blurred vision and even blindness, and then dyspnea, eventually leading to respiratory center paralysis and death. Chronic poisoning reactions include dizziness, lethargy, headache, tinnitus, fatigue and digestive system disorder. If the intake of methanol exceeds 4g, poisoning reaction will occur; If a small cup of methanol exceeds 10g by mistake, it will lead to blindness and death. The lethal dose is more than 30 ml, and methanol is not easy to be discharged in the body, but will accumulate. Formaldehyde and formic acid generated by oxidation in the body are also toxic. In the methanol production plant, the relevant departments of our country stipulate that the allowable concentration of methanol in the air is 50mg/m3, and gas masks must be worn when working in the field with methanol gas. The wastewater can only be discharged after treatment, and the allowable content is less than 200 mg/L. ..

The poisoning mechanism of methanol is that methanol is metabolized by human body to produce formaldehyde and formic acid (commonly known as formic acid), and then it is harmful to human body. Common symptoms include: feeling drunk, headache, nausea, vomiting and blurred vision after one or several hours. In severe cases, people will be blind and even die. The cause of blindness is that formic acid, a metabolite of methanol, accumulates in the eyes and destroys visual nerve cells. Brain nerves can also be damaged, causing permanent damage. When formic acid enters the blood, it will make the tissues more and more acidic, damage the kidneys and lead to renal failure.

Methanol poisoning can usually be detoxified with ethanol. The principle is that methanol itself is non-toxic and its metabolites are toxic, which can be detoxified by inhibiting metabolism. The metabolism of methanol and ethanol in human body is the same enzyme, and this enzyme has greater affinity with ethanol. Therefore, people with methanol poisoning can relieve methanol metabolism by drinking strong liquor (alcohol content is usually above 60 degrees), and then excrete it. Formic acid produced by methanol metabolism can be neutralized by baking soda (sodium bicarbonate).

Emergency treatment of leakage

Quickly evacuate the personnel in the leaked and polluted area to a safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and anti-static work clothes. Don't touch the leak directly. Cut off the leakage source as much as possible. Prevent it from flowing into confined spaces such as sewers and flood discharge ditches. Small amount of leakage: adsorbed or absorbed by sand or other nonflammable substances. It can also be washed with plenty of water, diluted and put into the wastewater system. A large number of leaks: damming or digging holes to contain them. Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster. Use explosion-proof pump to transfer it to tank car or special collector, and recycle it or transport it to waste disposal site for treatment. [Edit this paragraph] Methanol gasoline Methanol gasoline refers to the M series mixed fuel which is partially added with methanol and compounded with methanol fuel cosolvent. Among them, M 15 (adding 15% methanol to gasoline) clean methanol gasoline can be used as vehicle fuel, which can be used in various gasoline engines respectively, and can be used instead of finished gasoline without changing the existing engine structure, and can be mixed with refined oil. Methanol mixed fuel has good thermal efficiency, power, start-up and economy, and has the characteristics of emission reduction, fuel saving, safety and convenience. According to different national conditions, countries all over the world have developed methanol gasoline with different blending ratios, such as M3, M5, M 15, M20, M50, M85, M 100, etc. At present, commercial methanol is mainly M85 (85% methanol+15% gasoline) and M 100. The performance of M 100 is better than that of M85, and it has greater environmental protection advantages. [Edit this paragraph] The process of producing methanol in methanol industry is relatively simple, and the raw materials are diverse. Coal, naphtha and natural gas can all be used to produce methanol. Methanol is widely used, and there are hundreds of downstream products. In recent years, due to the strengthening of environmental awareness in various countries around the world, especially after the amendments to the Clean Air Law were passed by the US Congress in June 5438+090 and June 5438+1October 5438+05, the value of methanol has increased, and the global demand for methanol has accelerated.

The development speed of methanol industry in China is no less than that of any other country. After nearly five years of rapid development, China's methanol production has jumped to the top in the world.

However, just like a developing child, height alone does not prove good health. On the contrary, too high may still be a pathological state.

Methanol is a chemical product with low added value. Low cost is the core of this kind of product competition, and it is also an important competitive strategy adopted by production enterprises, and it is the key for enterprises to settle down. Low cost needs to optimize various production factors that affect product cost, including raw material price, process route, financing cost, device scale, logistics cost, etc.

expense

$200/ton PK80/ton

Present situation of methanol industry at home and abroad

At present, the scale of methanol plants in China is generally small, and most of them adopt the coal head route, with coal as raw material accounting for about 78%; The investment per unit capacity is high, which is about twice that of large-scale methanol plants abroad, and the financial expenses and depreciation expenses are high. These all affect the cost. It is understood that there are nearly 200 methanol production enterprises in China, but only 20% of them are 65,438+10,000 tons/year, the largest methanol production plant is 600,000 tons/year, and the remaining 80% are 65,438+10,000 tons/year. According to this factory model, the industry generally estimates that the current methanol production cost in China is about 1.400 yuan ~ 1.800 yuan/ton (about $200/ton). Once there is an oversupply situation in the market, the domestic methanol price may fall to around 2000 yuan/ton, or even lower. This will increase the pressure on most domestic methanol production enterprises with small capacity and high investment per unit capacity.

However, foreign methanol plants represented by the Middle East and Central and South America are generally large in scale. At present, the capacity of the world's largest methanol plant has reached 6.5438+700,000 tons/year. At the end of April, 2008, the giant methanol plant of Saudi Methanol Company with a capacity of 6,543.8+700,000 tons/year was put into operation in Jubail, bringing the total capacity of the company's five large methanol plants to 4.8 million tons/year. Foreign enterprises have a large installation scale, less investment in public facilities, and adopt natural gas routes, which greatly reduces the investment per unit capacity and greatly enhances the cost competitiveness. According to the analysis of petrochemical planning and research institute, the cost of large-scale methanol production facilities under construction in foreign natural gas producing areas is only 60~80 USD/ton.

Moreover, foreign large-scale methanol plants mostly use natural gas as raw material, and adopt natural gas two-stage conversion or autothermal conversion technology, including the technologies of Germany Lurgi Company, Denmark Topso Company, Britain's Bunemen Chemical Company and Japan's Mitsubishi Company. Compared with coal-to-methanol technology, the natural gas conversion technology is mature and reliable, and the conversion scale is less affected by the methanol scale, and the device is compact and occupies a small area. Although the price of natural gas in the international market has also increased in recent years, foreign methanol producers rely on long-term supply agreements to minimize the price impact factors.

However, most methanol production in China takes coal as raw material, and the inherent defects of limited scale and large area of gasification equipment restrict the development of methanol production equipment to large scale. At the same time, the sharp rise of coal price in recent years has a great impact on coal-based methanol, which has a certain cost advantage. In addition, coal-to-methanol is mostly built in the western region, and the transportation cost is high. Various factors further weaken the price competitiveness of coal-based methanol.

After the large-scale methanol plant in foreign countries was put into production, the traditional sales channels could not digest the sudden increase of methanol. Before 20 10, there is no doubt that foreign methanol will hit the China market at a low price.

Energy consumption: 60 Ji Jiao/ton PK30 Ji Jiao/ton.

The reality is: foreign methanol production scale is large, technology is advanced, management is strict, energy consumption is low, and product quality is stable; The product quality of domestic large methanol plants has reached the international level, but the product quality of many small methanol or methanol plants is still unstable.

According to Tang Hongqing, deputy director of the National Chemical Engineering Technology Committee and deputy chief engineer of Sinopec Ningbo Engineering Co., Ltd., domestic coal-to-methanol consumption is 50 ~ 60 Ji Jiao per ton, about 1.6 tons of coal and 22 ~ 30 tons of water. The energy consumption per ton of methanol from natural gas is about 40 Ji Jiao, natural gas is 900 ~ 1 150 cubic meters, and water 16 ~ 20 tons. The energy consumption of small methanol plants in China is as high as 70 Ji Jiao per ton of products. However, large-scale methanol plants in foreign countries basically use natural gas as raw material, and the energy consumption per ton of products is only 25 ~ 30 Ji Jiao, 760 ~ 920 cubic meters of natural gas and 0/0 ~/0/5 tons of water/kloc.

In addition, because most methanol production in China adopts coal-based route, the acid gas and ash emissions are large, and more funds need to be invested to build environmental protection treatment facilities. However, large-scale methanol plants with natural gas as raw materials abroad are basically clean production, which has little impact on the environment and less investment in environmental protection.

Transportation cost: USD 55/ton PK25/ ton

A number of experts in the industry mentioned to reporters a congenital deficiency of domestic methanol production: the raw coal and natural gas needed for methanol production in China are mainly concentrated in the western region with backward economy and inconvenient transportation, while the consumption center of methanol market in China is in East China and South China. It needs long-distance railway or road transportation to transport methanol from the west to East China and South China, and the transportation cost is as high as 400 yuan/ton (about 55 US dollars/ton). The production and consumption of methanol are far apart, which leads to traffic becoming the main bottleneck of methanol development in China in the future.

The Middle East and Central and South America, where large methanol plants are concentrated, are also the regions with the richest natural gas resources in the world. The resources and methanol production facilities are close to the coastal areas, and the production facilities are close to the methanol loading dock. All methanol products are shipped by sea, which is convenient for transportation. According to statistics, the freight for transporting methanol from the Middle East, Central and South America and Australia to major ports in Asia is only about $25 per ton, and the transportation cost is relatively low.

Moreover, in terms of logistics, even methanol enterprises with good domestic conditions only have in-plant storage and transportation facilities and railway shipping facilities. At present, there is no methanol transit transportation base in China or even in the world, and there is no large-scale methanol special transportation tool. However, most foreign methanol production enterprises have built large-scale methanol transit bases and storage and transportation facilities around the world, and have their own or long-term rented methanol transport fleets.

Investment method: single PK cooperative operation.

If domestic methanol production is insufficient, experts in the industry believe that the main reason is that domestic methanol plant construction is mostly wholly-owned enterprises and there are few joint ventures. This undoubtedly increases the financing difficulty and investment risk of investing tens of billions of yuan in methanol and downstream products projects.

However, most foreign methanol plants are jointly built and operated. General shareholders include investors, patentees, vendors and resource suppliers. Investors and shareholders entrust professional asset management companies to assist in the operation. This can effectively solve the financing problem, reduce the capital cost and investment risk, ensure the supply of technology and raw materials and product sales, maximize the optimization of various production factors and improve the competitiveness of the project.

Marketing model: selling PK professional sellers by yourself.

According to the survey of Zheng Zhi Far East Company, although China has become the most important methanol producer, domestic methanol producers are still inward-looking enterprises, and almost all products are oriented to the domestic market. The market analysis and decision-making of construction projects are almost completely dependent on the domestic market, and the export volume is very small, so there is no time to take into account the needs and changes of the international market. Acetyl chloride [CH3COCl=78.50]]

This product is a colorless liquid; Have a pungent smell; Can smoke, flammable; Strong irritation to skin and mucosa; Encounter water

Or ethanol can cause violent decomposition. Dissolve in chloroform, ether, benzene, petroleum ether or glacial acetic acid.

1. Physical and chemical constants of substances:

GBNo。 32 1 19

Si Nuo. 75-36-5

acetyl chloride

Acetylchlorine in English

Other names chloroacetyl; Chloro (chemical) acetyl

The molecular formula is C2H3ClO；; Appearance and properties of colorless fuming liquid with strong pungent smell.

Molecular weight 78.50 Vapor pressure 12. 1kPa/0℃ Flash point: 4℃

Melting point-1 12℃ boiling point: 5 1℃ soluble in acetone, ether and acetic acid.

Density Relative density (water =1)1.11; The relative density (air = 1)2.70 is relatively stable.

Danger signs 7 (flammable liquids) and 20 (corrosive products) are mainly used to make organic compounds, dyes and drugs.

2. Impact on the environment:

I. Health hazards

Invasion route: inhalation, ingestion and percutaneous absorption.

Health hazard: this product is irritating to the upper respiratory tract, causing cough and chest pain after inhalation. Oral administration can cause burns in the mouth and digestive tract.

Second, toxicological data and environmental behavior.

Acute toxicity: rat LC509 10mg/ kg (oral).

Stimulation: 20mg, severe stimulation. Rabbit percutaneous open stimulation test: 500mg, mild stimulation.

Hazard characteristics: flammable, and its vapor can form an explosive mixture with air. Fire and high temperature can cause combustion and explosion. It is decomposed by heat in the air, releasing highly toxic phosgene and hydrogen chloride gas. When it meets water, steam or ethanol, it will react violently and even explode. Its vapor is heavier than air, and it can spread to a considerable distance at a lower place, which will lead to tempering when it meets an open flame.

Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, phosgene.

3. Field emergency monitoring methods:

4. Laboratory monitoring methods:

Determination of halides and acid halides in NN- dimethylformamide by EDTA conductometric titration [Japanese Journal]/Yoshimura C. Hasegawa T.// Journal of Japanese Chemical Society. -1986, (6).-775 ~ 779 Abstracts of Analytical Chemistry 1988. 1.

5. Environmental standards:

6. Emergency treatment and disposal methods:

First, the emergency treatment of leakage

Quickly evacuate the personnel in the leaked and polluted area to a safe area, isolate them, and strictly restrict access. Cut off the fire. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus and fire protection clothing. Don't touch the leak directly. Cut off the source of leakage as much as possible to prevent it from entering confined spaces such as sewers and flood discharge ditches. Small amount of leakage: mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash. You can also brush the emulsion made of incombustible dispersant and put it into the wastewater system after dilution. A large number of water leaks: build a dike or dig a pit to accommodate; Cover with foam to reduce steam disaster. Use explosion-proof pump to transfer it to tank car or special collector, and recycle it or transport it to waste disposal site for treatment.

Second, the protective measures

Respiratory system protection: when it is possible to contact with its vapor, you must wear a filter gas mask (full face mask) or a self-contained respirator. It is recommended to wear an oxygen respirator during emergency rescue or evacuation.

Eye protection: respiratory protection has been done.

Physical protection: wear adhesive tape anti-virus clothing.

Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.

Others: Smoking and eating are prohibited in the workplace. After work, take a shower and change clothes. Maintain good hygiene habits.

Third, first aid measures.

Skin contact: Take off the contaminated clothes immediately and rinse the skin thoroughly with soapy water and clean water. See a doctor.

Eye contact: lift the eyelid immediately and rinse it thoroughly with plenty of flowing water or normal saline for at least 15 minutes. See a doctor.

Inhalation: leave the scene quickly and go to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If you have difficulty breathing, give oxygen. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately. See a doctor.

Intake: rinse your mouth with water and give milk or egg white. See a doctor.

Fire extinguishing methods: carbon dioxide, dry powder, 12 1 1 fire extinguishing agent and sand. Fire fighting with water or foam is prohibited.