Chinese grammar question?

Let me give you a suggestion. Buy a book "Basic Knowledge of Chinese Language". All the content you want is in the book. Another suggestion: if you want to ask questions on Baidu, don't offer so many rewards at once. , asking such a big question is very ineffective. If someone else writes it for you, you may not have the patience to read it, and you may not be able to understand it. Moreover, because there is too much content, the person who wrote it will also cut corners. If you If you only ask one small question at a time and offer a five-point reward, many people may answer the question for you, and each one may answer better than the other. For example, if you only ask about nouns and noun phrases today, and only prepositions and prepositional phrases tomorrow, one part Once you learn it, ask the next question, it will definitely have better results. I promised to write it for you the day before yesterday. Although someone has written it now, it is probably not easy to understand if you have no foundation, so I will start from the parts of speech and phrases. You don’t have to rush to close it. I will write it as soon as I have time:

1. Parts of speech:

According to their grammatical function and lexical meaning, words can be divided into two categories: content words and function words:

Content words: nouns, verbs, adjectives, Pronouns, numerals, quantifiers

Function words: adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, onomatopoeia

1 Nouns: words that express the names of people or things, people and things There are many kinds of nouns, and they can be divided into the following subcategories according to the different situations in which nouns express people or things:

(1) Common nouns: express ordinary things and a certain type of people, such as:

Machines, blackboards, chess, classrooms, factories, schools,

Cows, sheep, horses, cabbage, eggplants, pine trees

Workers, farmers, soldiers, league members, teachers , student

(2) Proper nouns: indicating specific people or things, such as:

Marx, Lu Xun, Lei Feng, Yang Dewei, China, Beijing,

Shanghai, Yangtze River, Yellow River, Taishan, Taihu Lake

Tibet, North Korea, Urumqi, Qiqihar

(3) Time nouns: such as

Today, morning, last year , Monday, National Day, New Year's Eve, New Year's Day, the day after tomorrow

(4) Positional nouns: indicating direction and location, such as;

Up, down, left, right, east, west , south, north, middle,

Above, below, front, back, east, west, beside

The main grammatical functions of nouns:

1, noun Quantity phrases can be used to modify the front (locative nouns cannot). Different quantifiers are used for nouns of different things, such as:

A pencil, three schools, a train, a teacher, six pounds of cabbage, a fish , a piece of clothing

2. You can add "men" after common nouns indicating people to express plurals, such as: classmates, friends, girls, soldiers.

After adding "men", you cannot use a definite number of quantitative phrases, such as three classmates, which is wrong.

3. Nouns are mainly used as subjects and objects, such as;

Lei Feng served the people wholeheartedly. "Lei Feng" is the subject

I study, book__object

Nouns expressing time and place are often used as adverbials and attributives, such as:

See you in Shanghai, Shanghai ___ adverbial

The campus is so beautiful in spring. Spring___attributive

4. Nouns can sometimes form independent sentences. Such as:

What is that? "Snake!" "Snake" forms a separate sentence.

Local nouns are special and can be divided into simple locative words and compound locative words.

Simple locative words: up, down, front, back, east, west, south, north , left, right, inside, outside, middle, inside, between, side,

Synthetic locative words: composed of simple locative words plus the following words:

With, , side, surface, head, square, part, such as:

To the east, north, behind, inside, front, rear, south...

The combined locative words can be used as Subject, object, attributive, adverbial, (said later)

Local words can form directional phrases as attributives, adverbials, etc. (written later)

2. Verb: expresses people and people Words for the action, behavior, development, and change of things.

There are many verbs and their usage is relatively complex. According to different meanings and usages, they can be divided into eight categories:

(1) Expressing actions and behaviors:

< p>Walk, run, watch, jump, sing, fly

Labor, protection, solidarity, struggle, investigation, production

(2) Indicates development and changes:

< p>Shrink, increase, expand, grow, decrease, improve

(3) Indicates psychological activities

Want, love, fear, hate, hope, like, hate

(4) means existence, appearance, disappearance, death, stop, throw away

(5) means order

Command, call, let, please, make, send, Forbidden,

(6) Expressing possibility, willingness, abbreviated as willing verb.

Can, able, will, can, willing, willing, willing, dare, want, should, should

(7) Expresses the tendency of action, referred to as trend verb

Up, down, come, go, in, out, back, open, pass, get up

Up, down, out, in, up, down, in, open,

Go, get up, come back, go back, come over, past

(8) means judgment, referred to as judgment word: yes

The main grammatical functions of verbs are:

1. Most verbs can take objects, such as

listen (story), tell (health), unite (comrades), have (a mountain), (objects in brackets)

A few verbs do not take objects, such as: birth, competition, opening, swimming, parade, applause, advance

Verbs that often take objects are generally called transitive verbs. Verbs with objects are generally called intransitive verbs.

2. The dynamic particles "zuo, liao, guo" are used after the verb to express the development and changes of actions, behaviors, and traits, which means dynamic. Adding "zuo" after the verb means it has not been completed yet and is in progress; adding "le" or "guo" means it has been completed. Such as

(1) He was wearing clothes and walking at the same time.

(2) He put on his clothes and left.

(3) He wore this kind of cotton clothes.

3. Verbs can overlap, in the form of "AA", "A's A", "A-A", "ABAB";

Look at ____ and see_ ___Look at it____Look at it

Think about____Think about it____Think about it____Think about it

Study____Study study< /p>

Discuss____discuss discuss

Verbs can also express questions in affirmative and negative ways, such as:

Do you listen or not? Don’t want to watch it? Study or not?

4. Verbs are mainly used as predicates, such as: gathering of troops. "Collect": verb as predicate.

When a verb is used as a subject or object, certain conditions must be met: first, it no longer expresses an action, but expresses something; second, the predicate or the center word of the predicate generally expresses judgment, psychology, always, and persistence. verbs, such as: love, like, start, proceed, etc.:

Swimming is a good activity.

In this sentence, "swimming" is used as the subject, as a sport, and the predicate center word "is" expresses judgment.

Verbs can form independent sentences to form verb-non-subject-predicate sentences. For example:

"Fight!...", "Go!"

Judge words, tendency verbs, and voluntary verbs are relatively special verbs. These verbs need to be spoken when speaking phrases.

3. Adjectives: words that express the shape and nature of people or things, or the state of action, behavior, development, or change, such as (1) expressing form

Big, small, high, low , straight, curved, red, black, thick, thin, round, flat,

Strong, gentle, flat, rugged, straight

(2) Indicates properties:

Cold, hot, good, bad, true, kind, loyal, simple, brave, honest, correct, special

(3) Indicates status:

Fast, slow, Urgent, steady, fast, cheerful, relaxed, serious, happy, enthusiastic

The grammatical functions of adjectives:

1 Adjectives can overlap and can express love, disgust or deepening, but they are not related to Verbs overlap in different ways, try to compare:

Verb: monosyllabic, AA type, the second syllable is pronounced with a soft pronunciation, such as, talk about it. Double syllable, ABAB style, such as, learn to learn

Adjective: single syllable, AA (of), the second syllable is pronounced Yinping, such as, high, good, deep double syllable, AABB Form, such as, respectfully, clearly, neatly, happily

A few adjectives also have ABAB form, such as snow-white, pitch-black

Some monosyllabic adjectives Like verbs, "LE" or "一" can also be embedded in the middle when overlapping, such as:

Verb: talk about it, talk about it, think about it, think about it,

Adjectives: hot, hot, hot, warm, warm, warm

Adjectives also have the following overlapping forms:

Monosyllabic adjectives are "erized" after overlapping, Most of them have a relaxing meaning:

For example: Gao Gao'er, Kuai Kuai'er, Man Man'er, Liang Liang'er

ABB style, including the meaning of deepening, such as, steaming hot, Heavy, sour, golden, joyful

A in AB type, such as panic, coquettish, careless, confused

Overlapping adjectives generally appear vivid, often Used to describe things. Questions can also be expressed in affirmative and negative ways, the same as verbs, such as:

Verb: Are you going? Do you want to talk about it or not? Do you like it or not? Can't come out?

Adjective: big or not? Wonderful or not? , is it clear or not? Pretty or not?

2 Adjectives are mainly used as attributives and predicates: For example:

He is almost sixty years old, with a (thin) body and two (small) feet; but he is not strict. Complaints and complaints. (Adjective as attributive)

The cabin is clean. (Adjectives serve as predicates)

Adjectives can also serve as adverbials and complements: For example,

It is [really] beautiful here. (Adjectives as adverbials)

The procession [mighty] walked towards Xinhua Gate. (Adjectives are used as adverbials)

You spoke "well". (Adjectives serve as complements)

Adjectives are the same as verbs. They can be used as subjects, objects, or the center words of subjects and objects. The conditions required are similar to those of verbs. For example:

Hurry is not enough. (The adjective "urgent" is the subject)

Honesty is a virtue. (The adjective "honest" is the subject)

Copernicus believed more in the correctness of geodynamics. ("Correct", the adjective serves as the object)

3 Adjectives can form independent sentences to form adjective-non-subject-predicate sentences, such as:

"Good!", "Quick!"

When using nouns, verbs, and adjectives, firstly, do not misuse parts of speech, and secondly, do not misuse word meanings, such as:

Master Zhang educated him kindly and patiently. ("Patience" is a noun, it should be changed to "patience")

I saw dark clouds rising into the sky, and in an instant, raindrops fell like pouring down. ("Dark clouds" are originally in the sky and do not need to rise into the sky, so they should be changed to "rolling", and "raindrops" cannot be "popping" and should be changed to "rain"

How to distinguish nouns, verbs, and adjectives, in addition to the above According to my experience, the simplest grammatical function is:

Adverbs of degree cannot be added before nouns, but adjectives can. For example: "smart" can be written as "very smart", which is an adjective, while "wisdom" can be written as "very smart". ”, it cannot be written as “very wise”, so “wisdom” is a noun.

You can add "have" in front of nouns, for example, wise, capable, (big city) Beijing...

The simplest difference between verbs and adjectives is: most verbs can take objects, and Adjectives do not take an object (unless the part of speech is conjured). For example, "like" can be said to "like (what)", so it is a verb. "Happy" cannot be said to be "happy (what)", but it can be said to be very happy or very happy, so it is a verb. is an adjective.

Numerical words: words expressing numbers. It can be divided into the following categories;

Cardinal numbers: numerals that express the number, and are divided into simple numerals and compound numerals. Simple numbers include: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine; compound numbers are composed of simple numbers plus "tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousand, billions", etc. For example: eleven, twenty, one hundred and twenty, three thousand six hundred and fifty-three, ninety-seven thousand three hundred and sixty-two, etc. In addition, the base number also includes "zero"

A number When there is a space in the middle, if the highest digit is "hundred million, ten thousand", it must be read and cannot be left empty, such as:

1200000021————Twelve hundred and twenty-one

98045——Ninety-eight thousand and forty-five

The vacancy is read as "zero", regardless of how many vacancies there are.

If there are empty seats at the end, no matter how many empty seats there are, they can be omitted. For example:

450——four hundred and five 9800——nine thousand and eighty 500600000——five hundred and six hundred thousand

Ordinal numbers

Numbers indicating order , formed by adding: "th" before the base number. For example: "Number One, One Thousand and Five"

When expressing organizational structures, building floors, rankings of relatives, dates, etc., you do not need to use ordinal numbers but use cardinal numbers, such as:

< p>Workshop 1, Workshop 2, Class 1, Class 3,

First floor, fifth floor, first floor, second floor,

Eldest brother, second brother, eldest son, second son< /p>

January, June, 1997, 2008

Fractions are expressed as "a few fractions" (same as mathematical pronunciation, omitted)

p>

Percent refers to a fraction whose denominator is one hundred (same as mathematics, omitted)

Decimals, (same as mathematics, omitted)

Multiples, add after the numeral "Double" composition. For example: one time, five times.

When comparing two numbers, "greater than" or "increased" should be expressed in multiples. For example, one hundred is twice as much as fifty.

Compared with two numbers, "less than" or "reduced" cannot use multiples, only fractions, such as: reduce by five-tenths, reduce by half

Approximate number: indicates approximate Number, there are many ways.

After the base number, add words indicating approximate numbers such as "come, many, handfuls, left and right, up and down, above, below", etc., such as:

Ten pounds, hundreds of people, two Around a hundred, around ten thousand, under fifty, more than thirty people,

Two adjacent numerals are used together: for example, one or two days, three or four, seven or eight years,

Add "成,上,小" before the numerals "tens, hundreds, thousands, ten thousand" such as:

Thousands, hundreds, small hundred, thousands

In addition, you can also use the interrogative pronouns "a few, how many" to express: in a few days, how many people will count

Use "two" to express an approximate number: in the past two days, there were only two people

p>

The grammatical function of numerals:

Numbers can be used as subjects and objects, for example: ten is twice as many as five. ("Ten" in the sentence is the subject, and "twice" is the object)

Another example: Two or two equals four ("Two or two" is the subject, and "four" is the object.

Pay attention to some special ways of expressing numbers, such as:

Words expressing approximate numbers such as "ba, shang, cheng" can only be used for digits above "hundred":

成 Hundreds of people, thousands of people, tens of thousands of people

To express an increase in quantity, multiples can be used.

Increase (increased), increased (increased), rose (increased), improved (increased). This statement does not include the base number, but only refers to the net increase. For example, from five to ten, it can be said to be "doubled" but not "tripled"

Increase to (to), increase To (for), rise to (for), this expression, including the base, refers to the total after increase. For example, from five to ten, you can say "increased to twice", but not "increased to doubled"

represents a reduction in quantity as a fraction.

Reduced (reduced), lowered (reduced), dropped (reduced), this statement only refers to the difference. For example, when reducing from ten to one, we should say "reduced by nine-tenths" but not "reduced by nine times."

Reduced to (for), reduced to (for), dropped to (for), this statement refers to the remainder after reduction. If it is reduced from ten to one, it should be said "reduced to one-tenth."

Numbers are often used together with quantifiers to form quantity phrases such as: one catty, one piece, one piece, one piece,

In some cases, cardinal numerals do not express the exact number. Other related meanings:

To express more: to be perfect, to be incomprehensible, to try every possible means

To express less: to have only a little knowledge, to have only a small amount of knowledge, to be able to achieve after a thousand considerations

To express confusion: Disorganized, messy, miscellaneous

Indicates derogatory meanings: throwing three and pulling four, moving around, being low and low

5 Quantifier: expressing the unit of people and things, or the unit of action or behavior Words, the former is a material quantifier, and the latter is a verb quantifier.

(1) Material quantifiers can be divided into the following categories:

Individual quantifiers represent the units of individual things:

Zhi, Tiao, Zhang, Duo, Between, grain, frame, head, position, individual, tail

Collective quantifier, indicating a unit of things composed of two or more individual things:

Double, group, deputy, set, group , class, class, gang, batch, string, fight,

Measurement words, indicating the calculation unit of weights and measures:

Zhang, chi, inch, catty, liang, li, mu, Rising

Temporary quantifier, borrow some nouns or verbs as quantifiers:

One (hand) mud, one (face) sweat, one (house) person,

One (belly) gas, one (carry) water, one (bundle) book, one (letter) (all borrowed quantifiers in brackets)

(2) Verb quantifiers:

Time, return, trip, over, next, formation, suffer, pause, field, fan,

Sometimes some nouns are also borrowed:

Look (eye), kick One (kick), hit one (punch), eat one (stick), cut one (knife)

With the development of society, some compound quantifiers have appeared, such as

sorties __ Calculate the total number of aircraft sorties. For example, if an aircraft flies five times, it is called five sorties, and if five aircraft fly once, it is also called one sortie.

Person-time is calculated as the sum of the number of people and times.

Ton-kilometer____The unit of calculation of tonnage and kilometers for land transportation. For example, if one ton of goods travels one hundred kilometers, it is called one hundred ton kilometers.

Cubic meters per second___ represents the amount of one cubic meter of water in the river bed in one second.

Quantifiers cannot be used alone, but they can be overlapped to mean "everyone is included". The overlapping quantifiers can be used as subjects, such as:

Everyone is included Heroic man. ("everyone" is the subject)

The venue is full, (the quantifier "every venue" overlaps and is not the subject)

Quantifiers are often combined with numerals to form quantity phrases, usually called quantifiers .

When using quantifiers, you should pay attention to:

Different things require the use of different physical quantifiers, different actions and behaviors require the use of different dynamic quantifiers, and the matching of quantifiers with nouns and verbs must be consistent. Language habits. For example,

The inscriptions on a rifle, a machine gun, and a cannon cannot be interchanged.

It rained a while, had a meal, went to the park, and the quantifiers in them cannot be interchanged.

Pronouns

Personal pronouns: refer to people or things:

I, you (you), he, she, we, you, they, they, It, themselves, oneself, others, others, everyone, others

Interrogative pronouns: who, what, which (some), where, where when, how long, how, how, how, How many, how many, how much

Demonstrative pronouns: this (those), that (those), here, there, here, there, this time, then, now, then, so, then , such, such, such, such, such, such (so), so (so), so, then, every, each, some, another, others

Pronouns have the function of substitution and indication The words are classified as in the table above.

The grammatical function of a pronoun is equivalent to the word it replaces, such as a pronoun representing the name of a person or thing, and its basic grammatical function is equivalent to a noun.

Notes on using personal pronouns:

1 The reference should be clear to prevent abuse, such as: Xiaofang and Xiaoling raced, she ran slowly, she ran fast, and she exceeded Got her. (Unknown reference)

2 It can be used to indicate a virtual reference, but does not actually refer to a specific person. For example, when "I, you, and him" are used together in a sentence, it is often a virtual reference:

Students, you look at me and I look at you, and no one speaks first.

Distinguish the usage of several personal pronouns:

We and us

"We" refers to the first person plural, which can refer to the speaker alone or include the speaker. The person and the listener depend on the language environment.

"We" must include both the speaker and the listener. Compare:

Teacher, wait a minute, let’s go together. (Including both parties)

Teacher, wait a minute, we will go together. (Both parties)

Teacher, wait a moment, we will go, you don’t have to go. (Referring only to the speaker)

Using "we" seems closer and more colloquial.

He, she, it, they, them, and they represent the singular and plural of the third person respectively. I believe you know this, but I don’t know.

"She" refers to women, and can also refer to beloved and dear objects such as "the motherland" and "the party".

When referring to a person who is male or female, "they" does not need to be written as "he (she)"

"You" is the second person honorific. Only applicable to the singular, cannot be written as "you"

"Myself" can be formed into "yourself, myself, himself, themselves" to express emphasis, such as: "He wants to go by himself, no one forces him to" He."

Sometimes he also means: "You are responsible for your own affairs."

"People":

"People are so anxious, and you are still joking!" (referring to the first person)

"How smart Xiaoling is" (with Noun combination, third person)

Interrogative pronouns: pronouns used to raise questions. When using them, pay attention to:

Pertinence, such as:

"Who" Ask people: Who are you?

"What" question: What is this?

"Where, where" asks: Where are you from?

"When, how long" asks the time: When should we go?

"How, how" asks: How do we get there?

“How much, how much” asks the quantity: How much does it cost per pound?

“Many, how much” asks about degree: How deep is this river?

Interrogative pronouns can be used to express arbitrary and imaginary references, to express doubtful questions (rhetorical questions) to express any person or anything, and are sometimes echoed by "ye, du, quan":

Who knows? (Single use)

Who knows who will answer. (Contact)

He wants to play everywhere.

Indicates people or things that you don’t know or don’t need to explain:

Let’s go to Beijing someday.

Come and play when you have more time.

It means a rhetorical question, a question without doubt, no answer is required, and the tone is heavier:

What are you anxious about?

What am I unhappy about?

Demonstrative pronouns are pronouns used to refer to other people or things. The most basic ones are "this" for proximal reference and "that" for distal reference. Other demonstrative pronouns are derived from "this" and "that".

Be careful when using instructions to provide housing:

Sometimes they serve as a proxy, sometimes they serve as a reference:

This is my pen, that is his Pen. (Called Dai)

This pen is mine, and that pen is his.

(Pointing to goodbye)

Is this okay? (Called Dai)

He is so serious and responsible! (differentiation)

When "this" and "that" are used to distinguish things, "this" means near and "that" means far. Far and near are relative terms:

< p>It’s not as lively as here!

That was a distant era...

There is also the use of virtual fingers:

You ask this and that, is it finished?

A person always has shortcomings of one kind or another, no one is perfect!

7 Adverbs: used in front of verbs and adjectives to express degree, time, scope, negation, mood, etc.

The main grammatical functions of adverbs are:

Modify verbs or adjectives and serve as adverbials, such as:

[early] go---[immediately] go- ---[just] go----[often] go

[very] good---[more] good----[best] good----[ten] good< /p>

Adverbs generally cannot modify nouns or quantitative noun phrases. Only when nouns or quantitative noun phrases serve as predicates can they be modified by adverbs expressing time and range, such as:

Today[ It’s only] Friday. (Adverb of "talent" time)

There are many of them, but there are [only] a few of us. ("only" range adverbs)

A few adverbs can be used as complements, such as: "very, extremely,": very good. Wonderful.

A few adverbs can answer questions alone and form independent sentences; such as: "immediately, maybe, definitely, not", etc.

When are you going? -------immediately.

Do you agree? -------No!

Adverbs cooperate with other function words or echo back and forth, and can play an association role, combining two language units to express a certain grammatical relationship.

Adverbs echo conjunctions: I will go whether you go or not. (No matter ------)

Adverbs echo prepositions: Don’t even listen to my words. (Even --------)

The adverb echoes the adverb: getting better and better. (The more---the more---), it’s useless to say it again. (Re------also)

A single adverb can also play a related role, such as: Just do it. , there is no point in crying.

(just, also)

Adverbs can be divided into the following eight categories according to their meanings:

Indicates degree:

The most, the most, the extreme, the end, the top, Too, very, very, very, extremely, special, extraordinarily, how much, more, more, more, quite, very, quite, more, more, comparatively, slightly, slightly, at least, at least

Indicates time ：

Early, sooner or later, already, once, once, in advance, first, immediately, rightly, immediately, immediately, right away, immediately, immediately, temporarily, soon, just now, just, instantly, early, quickly, Always, always, often, often, always, usually, usually, always, always, finally, will, always, forever, when, always, at any time, occasionally, occasionally

Expression range:

Total***, pure, all, all, all, all, common***, only, most, one***,

Separate, alone, only, only, single, all

Indicates repetition and continuity:

Continuously, continuously, continuously, then, many times, again, again, again, again, again, subsequently, again

Indicates Emotions:

By coincidence, as expected, naturally, still, suddenly, abruptly, abruptly, originally, deliberately, as if, gradually,

Cannot help, without any problem, quietly, silently, without permission, happily , by the way,

Indicates affirmation, negation, estimation:

That is, Leng, accurate, guaranteed, certain, certain, indeed, inevitable, must, no, non, no, no, Not,

different, possible, probably, about, about, seems, maybe, presumably, probably, almost, roughly

Indicates the mood:

Could it be, how could it be , fortunately, in the end, ultimately, anyway, anyway, simply, but, but, only, finally, rather

rather, rather, rather, even, maybe,, nothing more than, unexpectedly, once, simply, why, thanks, Guozhen, Ganqing

Indicates place:

Everywhere, everywhere, everywhere, everywhere, all over the place,

Some adverbs can mean different meanings on different occasions, such as : He is still here and has not left. ("Huan" means time)

You are stronger than him, ("Huan" means degree)

You have to read this book again. ("Huan" means repetition)

8. Prepositions

Prepositions are used in front of nouns, pronouns or phrases, and combined with them, express direction, time, place, object, etc.

p>

The main grammatical function of prepositions is that they cannot be used as sentence components alone, but must be combined with other words or phrases to form preposition phrases, which act as sentence components. For example:

I lived [in Beijing] for three months. ("In" is a preposition, and it forms a preposition phrase with the noun "Beijing" as an adverbial.)

He is very sincere [to people]. ("Dui" is a preposition, and it forms a preposition phrase with the noun "人" as an adverbial)

We all come from "from all over the world" ("自" is a preposition, and forms a preposition phrase with the noun phrase "all over the world") As a complement. The symbol for complement should be angle brackets. I used the book title number instead because I don’t know how to make single angle brackets.)

Many prepositions in modern Chinese are derived from verbs. Some prepositions are prepositions on one occasion and verbs on another, having the grammatical function of verbs. Such as;

I am studying in school. ("In" is a preposition, because in this sentence, "I" is the subject, "study" is the predicate, and "at school" is the preposition phrase used as an adverbial)

For example: I am in school. (In this sentence, "I" is the subject, and "in" is the verb as the predicate. School is the object. So only when there are no other verbs or adjectives that can be used as predicates in a sentence, the preposition is used as the verb as the predicate.)

For example; I am sweeping the floor. (In this sentence, "I" is the subject, "sweep" is the predicate, "地" is the object, and "zai" is an adverb as an adverbial, because prepositions can only serve as sentence components with an object, and this "zai" does not take an object. So it can only be used as an adverb of expression.

For example: I write faster [than him] ("Bi" is a preposition. "Bi him" is a prepositional phrase as an adverbial)

For example: Let’s compare.

(There is no other verb as a predicate, and "bi" is a verb predicate)

When "zai, bi, gui, hei, etc." are used as verbs, they have the grammatical function of verbs. If they can be used as sentence components, they have Some can overlap, and some can use the dynamic particles "zuo, liao, guo,". Try to compare:

Let's compare.

Let’s compare.

We compared it.

Prepositions and their objects can express the following meanings:

Indicate location and direction:

From, from, to, toward, toward, to, in , at, along, along

Indicates time:

From, since, to, in, when, at, take advantage of, take advantage of, rush, come, follow

Indicates the object:

To, for, about, connect, with, follow, and, put, be, called (let)

Indicates the purpose:

For, for, for

To compare: than, with, with, and, and

To exclude: to divide, except, except, to remove

< p>Indicates status and method:

According to, according to, according to, according to, according to, according to, based on, in compliance with, based on, through, through, by, relying on,

To master Specific uses of some commonly used prepositions.

To, for:

"For" introduces the object of the action, indicating the treatment relationship between people, things, and behaviors. The nouns and noun phrases following "for" are often the recipients of actions. For example: We must dare to fight against bad people and bad things. Because when the preposition phrase is used as an adverbial, the adverbial can be mentioned separately in front of the subject, which is more eye-catching and can also make the sentence structure concise.

"Dui" has the same effect as "Dui". Whenever "Dui" can be used, "Dui" can generally be used. However, when the object in the preposition phrase refers to a person and is a single noun or pronoun, you can only use "for", such as:

He is very enthusiastic about his comrades, ("for" cannot be used)

He is loyal to the party and the people. (Only "right" can be used)

Use "right, for" to distinguish who is right to whom. Compare:

Swimming is very interesting to me.

I am very interested in swimming.

The four prepositions "hei, tong, he, and," are all used to introduce objects related to the action of the subject and form preposition phrases as adverbials. On the contrary, "he" is mostly used in spoken language , "和" is mostly used in written language, "和" and "同" can both be used. For example:

I watch movies with my classmates. (The associated object is "classmates")

I parted ways with my old friend who has been with me for many years. (The associated object is "Old Friend")

You are about the same height as me. (It means comparison, echoing "almost")

I am different from you. (It means comparison, echoing "different")

"With" is often used in conjunction with the verbs "comparison" and "compare", such as;:

I will compare with you

"Give" the object of the action. For example: The teacher told us the story of Liu Hulan.

Another example: Xiao Li, give me a call.

p>

"Give" can mean passive, equivalent to "being": For example:

I was stumped by him (equivalent to "I was stumped by him")

< p>The child was frightened (equivalent to "being frightened")

When "give" is used as a verb, it can be followed by one object or two objects, such as:

Give me a pen quickly! ("Give" is used as a verb, with an object "I")

Give me a pen ("Give" is used as a verb, with two objects, near. The object is "I" and the far object is "a pen")

I broke the pen ("give" is used as a preposition and forms the preposition phrase "give me" as an adverbial)