Which is more terrible, hypertension or hypotension? You will understand after reading the last point.

It is acceptable for blood pressure to fluctuate within the normal range. Too high or too low will have a certain impact on the human body, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. When our blood flows in blood vessels, it will exert lateral pressure on the blood vessel wall, thus forming blood pressure. According to different blood vessels, we divide blood pressure into arterial blood pressure, venous blood pressure and capillary blood pressure. Usually, what we call blood pressure is aortic blood pressure, which is the vascular pressure produced by the aorta connecting the heart. Let's talk about the influence of blood pressure on the human body.

1. Only when the cardiovascular system is filled with enough blood can blood vessels exert lateral pressure on blood, which is the premise of blood pressure formation. The filling degree of blood can be expressed by the average filling pressure of circulatory system, which depends on the relative relationship between blood volume and circulatory system.

2. Shooting from the heart is a necessary condition for the formation of blood pressure, which pushes the blood forward and dilates the aorta to a certain extent. Cardiac ejection is intermittent, so arterial blood pressure will change periodically. Arterial blood pressure will increase during ventricular contraction and decrease during diastolic.

3. Peripheral resistance of arteries and arterioles to blood flow. Because of its existence, only one-third of the blood ejected from the ventricle during each contraction flows to the periphery, and the rest is temporarily stored in the aorta and aorta.

4. Aorta and elastic vascular bank of aorta can reduce the fluctuation amplitude of arterial blood vessels in cardiac cycle, and can also make intermittent ejection of left ventricle become continuous blood flow in artery. In addition, the diastolic blood pressure can be maintained without dropping too much.

1, blood pressure measurement is mainly carried out through indirect measurement. Because the blood pressure difference between the main arteries is very small, the brachial artery blood pressure measured by our upper arm is usually considered as arterial blood pressure. It is the part where the cuff is tied tightly when we go to the hospital and other medical institutions to measure blood pressure.

2. Blood pressure can be expressed by systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, pulse pressure and average arterial pressure.

(1) Systolic blood pressure: the blood pressure when the aortic pressure reaches the highest during ventricular contraction.

(2) Diastolic pressure: blood pressure when arterial diastolic pressure reaches the lowest.

(3) Pulse pressure: the difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure, that is, pulse pressure = systolic pressure-diastolic pressure.

(4) Average arterial pressure: the average arterial blood pressure at each moment in each cardiac cycle. Mean arterial pressure = diastolic pressure+1/3 pulse pressure.

3. Define the normal range of blood pressure and the range of hypertension and hypotension below.

(1) Normal range: healthy young people, systolic blood pressure 100- 120mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 60-80mmHg, pulse pressure 30-40mmHg, and average arterial pressure about 100mmHg.

(2) Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg for at least three times, and no antihypertensive drugs were used. According to the different blood pressure values, it can be divided into the following categories.

Mild (1 grade): systolic blood pressure 140- 159mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 90-99mmHg.

Moderate (Grade 2): systolic blood pressure 160- 179mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 100- 109mmHg.

Severity (Grade 3): systolic blood pressure ≥ 180mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 1 10mmHg.

Isolated systolic hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥ 1.40 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure.

(3) Hypotension: systolic blood pressure

1, when blood pressure rises, people will have dizziness, headache, neck tightness, fatigue, palpitations and other symptoms. It has a direct impact on the heart and blood vessels, and there is no obvious lesion in the early stage. Long-term hypertension can cause ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement. For systemic arterioles, in order to adapt to the greater lateral pressure of blood on the wall, the wall is thickened and the inner diameter of the lumen is reduced. This directly leads to ischemia of heart, brain, kidney and other tissues.

Brain: Long-term hypertension leads to cerebral vascular ischemia and deformation, forming aneurysm, which will rupture seriously and lead to cerebral hemorrhage. Promote cerebral atherosclerosis, plaque rupture to form cerebral thrombosis, cerebral arteriolar occlusive diseases, which can lead to lacunar cerebral infarction.

Kidney: Long-term hypertension changes the tissue of kidney, the pressure in glomerular capsule increases, glomerular fibrosis, atrophy and renal arteriosclerosis, and the final outcome is renal failure.

Retina: early retinal arteriole spasm, which hardens with the development of the disease. When blood pressure rises sharply, the retina will ooze and bleed.

2. When the blood pressure is too low, that is, below 90/60mmHg, it is necessary to consider whether there is shock. Shock occurs when the blood volume circulating through the cardiovascular system decreases and tissue perfusion is insufficient per unit time.

The main causes: myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, infection, tension pneumothorax, allergy, severe trauma, hyperthyroidism crisis, adrenal insufficiency, arteriovenous fistula, drug overdose, etc.

According to the etiology, we can divide shock into hypovolemic shock, cardiogenic shock, septic shock and anaphylactic shock.

Shock is a common clinical syndrome in emergency, and the situation is dangerous. The key to treatment is to improve tissue perfusion and restore cell oxygen supply to maintain normal cell function.

Conclusion: Effective circulating blood volume is a necessary factor to maintain normal tissue and cell metabolism, and blood pressure plays an important role. Both high and low blood pressure will produce different degrees of hypoxia, which will cause irreversible damage to the body. So high blood pressure and low blood pressure are harmful to human body.