Geographical differences between north and south

The south is flooded and the north is dry. China has an East Asian monsoon climate. Affected by the monsoon, the annual precipitation gradually decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest inland. In the south, not only the rainy season lasts for a long time, but also floods often occur because of the concentrated precipitation in summer and autumn. However, the precipitation in North China and Northwest China is relatively low, coupled with excessive reclamation and grazing, and the ability of water storage and drought resistance is poor, so it faces a serious "water shortage", which affects the production and life of local people.

Humanistic differences

Southern economy and northern politics. On the whole, China has active military and political activities in the north and developed economic and cultural industries in the south. The north has always been the political center of China, Chang 'an (Jin 'an) is the capital of Qin, Han and Tang Dynasties, and Beijing is the capital of Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the founding of New China, Beijing was the capital of China people, which further confirmed the political status of the North in the whole country. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the south has been the economic center of China, with developed agriculture and the main distribution center of trading ports. Since modern times, the introduction of western science and culture from the southeast coast of China has promoted the economic development of the south and strengthened its economic and cultural advantages. Therefore, these two sentences "officials in the north and businessmen in the south" can better reflect the different political and economic mentality between the north and the south.

Industry difference

South is light and north is heavy. Due to the influence of resources and location, China's industrial layout has the regional characteristics that the south is lighter than the north, that is, the north of China is dominated by heavy industry, while the south is relatively developed in light industry. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the northern part of China is rich in coal, oil, iron ore and other mineral resources, thus gradually forming an industrial structure dominated by heavy industries such as mining, metallurgy and machinery manufacturing. South China is rich in high-end industrial raw materials such as rare metals, precious metals and non-ferrous metals, but lacks basic industrial raw materials such as coal and oil. However, South China is rich in capital and technical strength and chooses to develop industrial types with less raw materials and fuel consumption, so light industry is relatively developed.

Traffic difference

South ship and north horse. In ancient China, boats were the main modes of transportation in the south and horses in the north. The reason is that the climate in the south is humid, the precipitation is abundant, and the surface river network is densely covered, so the ship transportation adapted to the "water town" came into being. In the north, however, the climate is arid and semi-arid, grasslands are widely distributed and animal husbandry is developed. In addition to providing milk and meat products, horses have been domesticated as vehicles by the people in the north and become vehicles on the land in the north because of their good endurance and high speed.

Architecture difference

Nanjian Peiping. The slope of China residents' roofs gradually decreases from south to north. The roof in the south is high and pointed, because the annual precipitation in the south is large and the climate is hot. A high and pointed roof is not only conducive to drainage, but also conducive to ventilation and heat dissipation. Because there is less precipitation in the north, the roof is more flat, which can not only save building materials, but also be used as a place to dry crops. At the same time, due to the heavy snowfall in Northeast China, and the snow can only melt in spring, in order to reduce the pressure of snow on the roof, the phenomenon of high-pointed roofs is also very common. In addition, the garden buildings in southern China are light and slender, beautifully carved, with coherent internal and external spaces and distinct levels, and Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden is its typical representative. The garden buildings in the north are gentle and rigorous, thick and simple, with clear boundaries between internal and external spaces. Chen Congzhou, a famous landscape architect in China, concluded: "The south is a shed with many openings. The north is a nest and relatively closed. " It can be seen that from the point of view of adapting to the environment and living comfort, southern buildings pay attention to ventilation and heat dissipation, while northern buildings are conducive to thermal insulation.

Language differences

Southern fan and northern qi. The regional differences of China's languages are as follows: the southern language is complex and the northern language is single. The vast area in northern China belongs to the northern dialect area, and the straight-line distance from Harbin to Kunming (although Kunming is located in the south, its language area is southwest mandarin and a branch of northern dialect) is more than 3,000 kilometers. Although the languages of the two places are different, there is not much obstacle to communication. Even in the same dialect area, such as Fujian dialect area, the south is divided into Fuzhou dialect, Xiamen dialect, Putian dialect and Minxi dialect, which are very different from each other and even incomprehensible. The formation of these languages is related to the geographical environment. One is that there are many flat plateaus and plains in the north of China, with convenient transportation and many opportunities for communication and integration between people, so there is little difference in language. Second, there are many hills and mountains in the south, with rugged terrain and blocked traffic, which is not conducive to people's communication. Over time, a "local dialect" with its own local characteristics has been formed.

Dietary difference

Nanfan and Beifan are generally used to describe the traditional dietary differences between the north and the south. Southerners like to eat rice and rice noodles, while traditional northerners (North China and Northwest China) like pasta, which is actually related to the different agricultural production structures between North and South. The climate in southern China is hot and rainy, and most of the cultivated land is paddy fields. Local farmers plant rice with high temperature and rainy growth habits according to local conditions. However, there is less precipitation and lower temperature in northern China, and most of the cultivated land is dry land, which is suitable for the growth of drought-resistant and cold-resistant wheat. The so-called "eat what you plant", in the long run, has developed the traditional eating habits of the north and the south.

However, there are exceptions to everything. Although the northeast belongs to the north, there is enough water for the growth of high-quality rice, and the local staple food pays more attention to rice. At the same time, most people in Northeast China are descendants of immigrants from Shandong and Hebei, so they do not reject pasta. The Beijing-Tianjin area in North China is more receptive to rice than other areas in North China, because the grain transported in the south of Ming and Qing Dynasties is rice. Generally, rice is referred to as "rice" for short in most areas of Northeast China and South China where rice is the staple food. In Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other areas where pasta is the staple food, rice is generally called "rice" and "fried rice" is called "fried rice". In the south, fried rice is another snack.