Appreciation of the full-text translation of Ailian Shuo (Zhou Dunyi)

Zhou dunyi

Series: Ancient poems about lotus.

Ailian said.

The flowers of land and water plants are very fragrant. Tao Jinyuan clearly loves chrysanthemums. Since Li Tang came, peonies have been loved all over the world. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is slim and elegant, so you can look at it from a distance without looking ridiculous.

Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. Hey! The love of chrysanthemum flowers is rarely heard after Tao; Who gave the lotus love? Peony love is suitable for many people.

To annotate ...

Tao Jin Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums; Tao Jin Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums. Tao Yuanming (365-427), whose word is Qian Liang, calls himself Mr. Wu Liu, and is known as Mr. Jing Jie in the world. He was born in Xunyang Chaisang (now Jiujiang County, Jiangxi Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was a famous poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Is a famous hermit. He loves chrysanthemums alone, and often praises chrysanthemums in his poems. For example, in the poem Drinking, "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" has always been called a famous sentence.

Since Li Tang came, the world has loved peony very much: since Tang Dynasty, people have loved peony very much. Li Tang refers to the Tang Dynasty. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty was surnamed Li, so he was called "Li Tang". The world, the average person in society. People in the Tang Dynasty loved to eat peony, and there are many records in ancient books. For example, Li Zhao's "Tang Shi Supplement" said: "The capital is expensive to travel, the peony is respected ... Every Spring Festival Evening, horses and chariots are crazy ... In order to make a profit, a book (a plant) has tens of thousands of people (referring to money). Sheng: Special, ten points. Very: very, very.

One: Yes.

It's worth it

Interviewer: Flowers.

Fancy: There are many "numerous"

Independence: only, only.

Self: self.

Y: Me.

One: auxiliary words, used between subject and predicate, cancel the independence of sentences and have no practical significance.

Silt: Silt accumulated in a river ditch or pond.

Dye: pollution.

Zhuo: Wash.

Lian: The water here is very clear, and there are microwaves, which means the water here is very clear.

Demon: enchanting.

Yan: The phonetic words are equivalent to the present "ah".

Li Tang: Tang Dynasty. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty was called ""because of his surname Li.

Child: It's empty.

Straight: Stand straight.

Straight outside: (its stem) is hollow inside and straight outside.

Man, no branches: no branches, no branches.

Tendrils: Nouns are used as verbs to produce tendrils.

Branch: nouns are used as verbs, long branches.

Xiang Yuan Qing: Xiang Yuan is more fragrant.

Far: far away, with a large spatial distance,

Broadcast far, send far.

Benefits: more, more.

Elegant and clean planting: stand upright and clean. Pavilion: A towering appearance. Plant: "Plant" is "straight" and vertical.

Approaching: Approaching, approaching (adjective).

Yes: only.

X: Close but not solemn.

Play: play.

Say: think.

Hermit: A recluse. In feudal society, some people did not want to go along with the rulers, so they lived in seclusion;

Gentleman: refers to a person with high moral character.

People or things that exist. It changes with the previous nouns, for example, "the one with the Yellow Crane Tower" means ... architecture.

Alas, the interjection is equivalent to the present "ah".

Chrysanthemum love: love for chrysanthemums. One: Modal particles, yes. (Some people say that this is a "sign of the object's progress")

Fresh (xi m: n): less.

Smell: I heard.

Who is the giver: Who else is like me?

Suitable for many people: there should be many people (who love peony). Suitable: of course. A: Yes. A lot.

Words with the same spelling and different sounds and meanings

(graceful and pure planting) planting: ancient meaning: standing

Modern significance: planting

(should be open) should be:

Ancient meaning: when. Used on Hu, of course it has this meaning.

Meaning: appropriate, should be.

translate

Among the herbaceous woody flowers on water and land, there are many that can be loved. Tao Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums in Jin Dynasty. Since the Tang Dynasty, people all over the world like peony. I only like lotus, which grows from the soil, but is not polluted by the soil; After washing with water, it doesn't look attractive. Its stem is through in the middle, and its shape is straight, without branches and branches. The farther the fragrance spreads, the quieter it becomes. It stands straight and clean, and people can look at them from a distance, but they can't get close to play with it.

In my opinion, chrysanthemum is a hermit in flowers; Peony is a rich flower among flowers; Lotus is a gentleman among flowers. Alas! The exclamation point is used here as an auxiliary word to emphasize the tone. ) The love for chrysanthemums was rarely heard after Tao Yuanming. Who else likes lotus as much as I do? There should be many people who love peony.

trait

The article expresses ambition by things and metaphor by lotus. Through the description and praise of lotus, it praises the noble quality of lotus, and shows the author's attitude towards life without seeking fame and wealth.

The most prominent artistic technique is foil, including chrysanthemum foil before and peony foil after.

Notes on the title or background of a book.

"Shuo" is an ancient style. It can usually be used to describe things, explain things and discuss things, which is equivalent to modern prose, but it is the author's view on various issues. Express the author's feelings about a thing, a thing or a phenomenon in an eclectic way, and advocate freedom and liveliness in writing. There are ups and downs, and the length is generally not long. Quite similar to modern prose. "Ailian said" is about the truth of Ailian.

Appreciate the "theory",

It is one of the argumentative ancient literary styles, and it often expresses its feelings by describing things. Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" is a rare masterpiece in this style.

Make an appreciative comment

Lotus was once the object of admiration by literati in the past dynasties, but most literati were amazed at its beautiful posture and plain appearance and shaped it into a pen; However, this excellent essay has a unique way. Through the description of the image and quality of the lotus, it eulogizes the loyal character of the lotus, thus showing the author's noble personality of leading an honest and clean life, not colluding with the secular world, despising and hating the world that pursues fame and fortune.

From the content point of view, this paper can be clearly divided into two parts: the first part tries to describe the image of hibiscus noble; The second part reveals the metaphorical meaning of the lotus, comments on three flowers and expresses the author's deep sigh for the lotus itself.

The first part of the article describes the noble quality of lotus. First of all, "Lotus emerges from the mud without being stained, clear without being demon" writes the precious spirit of lotus in the mud, but it is spotless, not worldly, self-loving, naive and natural. Secondly, "straight through the outside, not sloppy", wrote its noble quality of direct air control and no climbing; Once again, "you can look at it from a distance, don't play with it", and write that lotus is as sacred as a proud gentleman.

Everything mentioned above is actually a portrayal of the author's personality, and it is also the author's self-evident mind, which can be proved from the second part of the article. As the author said, "Who gave the lotus love? The subtext is that there are too few people with pure lotus flowers like him.

The first paragraph of the article is set off by chrysanthemums and peonies, which shows that he loves lotus alone, portrays its image and praises its character. In the second paragraph, by comparing with the "seclusion" of chrysanthemum and the "wealth" of peony, the metaphorical meaning of lotus "gentleman" is pointed out, which shows the author's yearning for gentleman and attitude towards life.

Through the description and praise of the lotus, the full text eulogizes the virtue of a gentleman's "emerging from the mud without being stained", and expresses the noble character of the author who does not collude with the secular world and his contempt and disgust for the world that pursues fame and gain.

In terms of writing, Ailien's theory and Shuowen have a common feature, that is, they express their will by holding objects. Starting with "emerging from the mud without staining", the article describes the lotus bearing style with strong colors, which places the author's affirmation and pursuit of ideal personality, and also reflects the author's contempt for the secular mentality of pursuing wealth and fame, and his pursuit of a clean and honest life. At the same time, the article also uses the method of comparison and contrast, and compares the beauty of lotus with chrysanthemum and peony several times in the article; It also compares the seclusion of chrysanthemum, the wealth of peony and the nobleness of lotus, thus deepening the theme of "love lotus". Instead of empty preaching, it achieves the purpose of deepening the theme through the ingenious comparison of three images. The word "love" runs through the whole article, putting Ailian's theme into practice and vividly realizing Ailian. This poem is also very distinctive in language, that is, it is beautiful and concise, and it is indeed as beautiful as a lotus flower-"not rambling" and there is no unnecessary useless language.

Its key point is "no mud, no evil." This sentence is just the opposite of the meaning expressed by "those who are close to ink are black". Its central sentence is: "Lotus is a gentleman of flowers. 」

The ancients generally used things to express their feelings. The same sentence has two meanings, one is metaphor and the other is expression. Similarly, there is a second meaning to express your feelings, that is, "the mud is not stained, the ripples are clear, but not evil." Metaphorically, the author himself has the noble character of "emerging from mud without staining, being clear without demon". In fact, what he means is that officialdom is dark, so it is as difficult for you to maintain a noble character in officialdom as it is for a lotus to emerge from the mud without being defiled. This is also a summary of his experience as an official, because he doesn't want to go along with it. "Qing Lian is not a demon" is just a good wish of the author. Walking by the river often, how can you not wet your shoes? Therefore, it is commendable to be able to stand alone in a hundred flowers. This is also the author's sigh, because he can't be immune to the big environment, except to escape and stay away. Or, like him, guard one of his festivals conscientiously.

Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" begins with "the flowers of land and water vegetation are very sweet". The opening part is profound and atmospheric, which not only points out that the lotus in Ailian is also a flower of land and water, but also points out that the lotus is lovely and only one of the "very few" people. This laid a logical foreshadowing for his next Love Lotus. So, the pen is extraordinary and eye-catching. Next, Zhou Dunyi did not entangle in Fan Fan, but simply narrowed down the scene. The sentence "Tao Jinyuan loves chrysanthemums alone" makes the meaning of this question clearer. Tao Yuanming can express his feelings by loving chrysanthemums. Why can't I love lotus alone?

The next sentence, "Since Li Tang came, the world loves peonies very much", which seems to be repetitive, but it really deepens the meaning. Moreover, this sentence makes the sense of contrast stronger, and it also paves the way for him to seek the nobility of lotus. Zhou Dunyi's love for lotus flowers is different from Tao Jin Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums. In order to keep a noble and pure life, he would rather die in Nanshan. He wants to be a gentleman in the world. This mentality of staying innocent in a dirty world and seeking truth alone is essentially different from the herd mentality that everyone envies wealth (peony). This laid the best foundation for Ailian's theoretical expression of "getting rid of the mud but not being stained".

The next sentence, Zhou Dunyi, goes straight to the point, "Love lotus alone, not touching, bright but not evil, straight but not spreading, fragrant far and clear, graceful and pure, far but not ridiculous." Writing the words of lotus, loving lotus and expressing ambition can be described in one go. It seems to be an intuitive description of lotus, but in fact, every word is well-written. The exquisiteness of this pen is amazing. It can be said that the whole reader has no chance to breathe. The language is extraordinary, but the aftertaste is meaningful and long, and the more delicious it is, the more delicious it is.

At the end of the article, Zhou Dunyi first takes flowers as a metaphor, and makes the characteristics of flowers compare with people. Although dull, the metaphor is to the point, which makes people have a different taste. "To call chrysanthemum a hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. " This plain sentence continues with the section "Tao Jinyuan loves chrysanthemums alone". Since Li Tang came, the world loves peonies; Love the lotus alone ... "It can be said that it is seamless without any trace. More importantly, the metaphor of flowers vividly describes Tao Yuanming's isolation and pursuit of a prosperous life, without a word of direct accusation. At the end of the article, the author laments that there are few real hermits, few noble gentlemen and many vulgar people who are greedy for money, which is intriguing and thought-provoking.

Through this comparison, Zhou Dunyi compared himself to a gentleman. It is better to avoid the world than to be a gentleman. From this perspective, Zhou Dunyi is somewhat narcissistic. However, Zhou Dunyi also had some self-knowledge, and then he sighed deeply, "The love of chrysanthemums is unknown after pottery; Who gave the lotus love? Peony love is suitable for many people. "Yes, the world of mortals is rolling, and how many people can avoid the world for a reason? There was Tao Yuanming in Jin, but I haven't heard of anyone who can do it now. Or, like me, how many people in the world can stay together in a pure and gentlemanly manner like me? Most people just follow the crowd in the world of mortals. It can be seen from this that Zhou Dunyi is arrogant, and his mentality of seeking purity without conformity is commendable in the secular world. He lamented that it was because the world was getting worse and worse, and most people were defiled by it.

This paper expresses the author's attitude of not seeking fame and fortune, being honest and clean, and not colluding with the common customs. At the same time, it also expresses the author's contempt for pursuing fame and fortune and drifting with the tide. It eulogizes the virtue of a gentleman, that is, "getting out of the mud without staining, lingering without demon", and expresses the noble sentiment of the author not to go along with the secular.

This article is elegant and refined, concise, catchy and rhyming. It is really a rare short story in ancient Chinese. Moreover, it has a double interpretation, heavy content and far-reaching artistic conception. In addition, its writing is similar to the vernacular, which is easy to read and understand, so it has become a popular product in later generations. When enjoying this article, if you can be moved by the chronicle in the article, this is the best income from reading this article. The structure of Ailian Shuo can be summarized as follows: a clue, that is, taking Ailian Shuo as a clue; The second foil, with the flowers of land and water vegetation as the total foil of lotus, with chrysanthemum and peony as the side lining and contrast of lotus; Three kinds, namely, love chrysanthemum, love peony and love lotus, refer to three kinds of people chrysanthemum: people who live in seclusion and avoid the world; Lotus: refers to people with high moral character who are unwilling to go along with the secular; Peony: refers to people who pursue wealth and arrogance.

background

In the fourth year of Song Xining (A.D. 107 1), Zhou Dunyi, a famous neo-Confucian, came to Xing Zi with Nankang Army. Zhou Dunyi was honest and indifferent, and loved Lian all his life.

After Zhou Dunyi came to Xing Zi, he dug a pond on the east side of Junya and planted all the lotus flowers. When Zhou Dunyi came to Yukiko, he was old (55 years old) and sickly, so whenever he was alone after dinner, he invited friends from the three or five aides to enjoy flowers and tea in Chi Pan and wrote a well-known essay "Love Lotus". Although The Story of Ailian is short, it has been told by people all the time.

A year later, Zhou Dunyi resigned due to old age and infirmity, and settled in a church at the northwest foot of Lushan Mountain to give lectures. He left behind the lotus pond and the article "Love Lotus", which has always been cherished by future generations. In the sixth year of Xichun (AD 1 179), Zhu was transferred to Nankang Zhijun. With admiration for Zhou Dunyi, he rebuilt the lotus pond and established the Lotus Hall. He got the ink of Zhou Dunyi's "Ailian Shuo" from Zhi Qing Zhou, Zhou's great grandson, and asked someone to carve it on a stone and by the pool. Zhu wrote a poem: it is unusual to hear the roots move to a jade well and flowers bloom for ten miles; The bright moon is high and cold, and no one sees it, only for the husband to grow up. Appreciation of "The Theory of Love Lotus" focuses on "getting out of the mud without being stained, and cleaning the lotus without being polluted", which is the central theme of the full text. The ancients generally used things to express their feelings. The same sentence has two meanings, one is metaphor and the other is expression. Similarly, there is a second meaning of "out of the mud without dyeing, pure lotus without demon" Metaphorically, the author himself has the noble character of "emerging from mud without staining, purifying lotus without demon". In fact, what he means is that officialdom is dark, so it is as difficult for you to maintain a noble character in officialdom as it is for a lotus to emerge from the mud without being defiled.

This is also a summary of his experience as an official, because he doesn't want to go along with it. "Qing Lian is not a demon" is just a good wish of the author. Walking by the river often, how can you not wet your shoes? Therefore, it is commendable to be able to stand alone in a hundred flowers. This is also the author's sigh, because he can't be immune to the big environment, except to escape and stay away. Or, like him, guard one of his festivals conscientiously. Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" begins with "the flowers of land and water vegetation are very sweet".

Zhou Dunyi (10 17 ~ 1073) is the founder of China's Neo-Confucianism, and his Neo-Confucianism thought plays a connecting role in the history of China's philosophy. Zhou Dunyi loved reading since childhood and was quite famous in his hometown. People say that he is "ambitious, knowledgeable, practical and has the style of the ancients." His knowledge and tolerance also moved many people to follow him, the most famous of which were two brothers, Cheng Yi and Cheng Hao, who later became famous Neo-Confucianism in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In 1072, Zhou Dunyi came to Jiangxi and founded Lianxi Academy. From then on, I began to give lectures and educate people. He named the stream in front of the college "Lianxi" and called himself "Mr. Lianxi". Because he loved the lotus all his life, he built a lotus hall in the academy and carved a pool in front of the hall, named "Lotus Pond", and pinned his lifelong ambition on the noble lotus. After giving lectures and studying, Mr. Wang often walks in front of the main hall to admire the lotus. Later, I wrote an article "Ailian Shuo". His excellent sentence "Out of the mud but not stained, clear but not demon, straight through, not crawling, fragrant far and clear, graceful and pure, far from being ridiculous" has become a masterpiece through the ages and is still popular today.