What is bridge? What are the rules?

Bridge is a game of poker that is named after the English Bridge, which comes from an ancient bridge in Leicestershire, England.

[1] The bridge game was started by Russian immigrants in Istanbul, Turkey under the name "Russian Four". Two families living in Leicestershire, because they like this kind of game, take turns to play at each other's house every night. There is an old bridge between the two families that must be passed but is in danger of collapse. Crossing the bridge at night is even more dangerous. . The family who passed this bridge to play cards always sighed with relief when they came back, "Oh, thank God, it's time to switch to your bridge (cards) tomorrow night." This sentence became a mantra. From now on, I don't know when, it simply became "bridge".

Bridge qiáopái [bridge] There are many types of four-player card games played by two against two, which were gradually developed from card games such as puppet whist in the old days. The first book about bridge was Edmond Published by Hoyle in 1742. ***The same point is that the dealer's partner shows his cards. The dealer can determine the trump card or no trump card, the opponent can double it, and we can double it again.

Introduction

Simply put, bridge is a form of poker. Bridge, as an elegant, civilized and highly competitive intellectual game, dominates all kinds of card games with its unique charm and is popular all over the world. Bridge has become a performance event in the 2012 Summer Olympics and an official event in the 2007 National University Games.

Contract Bridge

Modern bridge is called contract bridge and was developed from a card game called "whist". Compared with other games, bridge has the following outstanding features:

⒈ The fun of playing bridge mainly lies in winning by relying less on luck and more on wisdom. In the process of playing cards, a lot of mathematics and logic knowledge must be used. Calculation and memory skills are very important in bridge.

⒉ Bridge is of great benefit to improving interpersonal relationships and coordination and cooperation abilities. It is not difficult for us to understand the importance of the word "bridge" in bridge. Playing bridge well requires close cooperation and concerted efforts among partners to achieve the goal.

⒊ The basic process of bridge is similar to the whole process of signing a contract. The so-called contract means "contract" in English: bidding, bidding, bargaining by both parties, and finally one party signs the contract, and then One party makes a plan to complete the contract tasks, while the other party sets up obstacles to prevent it from completing the plan. The principles of getting more for more work and minimizing losses are fully reflected in bridge.

⒋ The fun of bridge is that luck is inevitable when playing bridge, and sometimes your opponent will implement psychological tactics against you. As far as a deck of cards is concerned, experts would not dare to say that they will definitely win against beginners. In addition, after careful calculation and judgment, the player completes a difficult contract with some advanced playing methods (such as investing, squeezing, etc.). The pleasure and excitement are self-evident.

⒌ Of course, bridge is still an elegant and civilized game. Some people call bridge a "silent war."

Detailed rules

Basic introduction

The ordinary playing cards used in bridge are 52 playing cards without the big and small queens, divided into clubs, diamonds, and reds. There are four colors of peach and spades. The four suits are divided into high and low, and they are arranged in the order of the first letter in English, that is, clubs are C, diamonds are D, hearts are H, and spades are S. Among them, clubs and diamonds are minor suits, worth 20 points per trick; hearts and spades are major suits, worth 30 points per trick. Each suit has thirteen cards, in the following order: A (highest), K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 (lowest).

The 52 cards are evenly distributed, 13 for each person; when playing cards, one party plays a card, and the other three parties then play one, and the card is placed on the winner's side, which is called a trick. The contract takes 6 tricks as the base number of tricks, and only cards with 6 or more tricks can be counted as winning tricks. If the user makes a 4H contract, the heart is the trump card, and it is completed when more than 10 (4+6) tricks are taken. If the number of tricks is not reached, it is called a failure and a penalty point will be imposed. The number of tricks away from the contract is called the number of tricks. For example, if the north and the south make a 5NT contract, and finally get 8 tricks, it is called Dang 3 (5+6-8).

Bonus points for completing the game

The rules of bridge stipulate that the game will be considered only if the basic score of the contract reaches more than 100 points, otherwise the game will not be completed. Only 50 points will be awarded for unsuccessful rounds. The game bonus is 300 points when there is no game, and 500 points when there is a game. In other words, in order to achieve a game, if both parties do not double, clubs and diamonds must be contracted to level 5 or above, that is, 11 tricks must be obtained; hearts and spades only need to be contracted to level 4, that is, Just get 10 tricks. In addition to the Trump contract, there is also a No Trump contract in bridge, that is, playing without a trump card. The first trick of this contract is 40 points, and the second trick and subsequent tricks are all 30 points. That is to say, When the no-trump contract reaches level 3, the game is concluded when 9 tricks are obtained.

Slam: Calling and making a 6-level contract is called Small (Little) Slam. In addition to the bonus points for a complete game, an additional 500 points will be awarded if there is no game, and an additional bonus will be awarded if there is a game. 750 points.

Calling and making a 7-level contract is called a Grand Slam. In addition to the bonus points for the game, an additional 1000 points will be awarded when there is no game, and an additional 1500 points will be awarded when there is a game.

Bidding

Bidding must be done after the cards are dealt and before the cards are played. Bidding must use specific symbols and terms. According to regulations, the dealer calls first (usually north, and then rotates). Depending on the level of the card, the dealer may or may not call. After that, his next player (left) will call, and the dealer will call in turn. The hour hand takes turns. If all four players do not bid, the deck of cards will be declared invalid and the cards will be re-dealt by the next player.

After one company bids, any company can overbid at a higher level according to the order of suit categories, as long as the previous company bids a higher number on the same trick number or a higher category (suit) or no general) can bid the same number of tricks. The categories are arranged as follows, no trump (highest), spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs (lowest), so bidding one spade is higher than bidding one heart, and bidding two clubs is higher than bidding one no trump. Until the three families stopped calling to express their recognition. The suit with the highest bid is the trump suit (or no trump), and the number at that level is the level of the contract. The two are collectively called the contract. The purpose of bidding is to enable partners to communicate with each other in order to find the best contract, or to interfere with the opponent's choice of the most advantageous contract, so as to achieve the goal of defeating the enemy.

During the bidding process, the content of the subsequent bidder must exceed the content of the previous bidder in terms of suit or quantity. For example, North opens with a bid of 1NT, East overbids with 2H, South holds a club suit and must respond with 3C; West supports his partner and bids with 3H. Game situation: In order to create a more complex situation for both sides of the game, so that players can better display their own skills, the bridge event has specially set up the "game situation" level. The side with a game will get more points if it wins, and more points will be lost if it loses. The side without a game can use the condition of losing and losing less points to compete with the other party. The different bonuses and penalties for games with and without games are discussed below. The game and non-game of bridge are artificially determined and cannot be changed. Usually, people use EW to represent the game between east and west, NS to represent the game between north and south, B to represent the game for both sides, and "-" to represent the game for both sides. Contract: The so-called contract refers to a bidding series agreement that is finally determined by one party and agreed to by the other party after bidding. The party that confirms the contract is called the contracting party, and its purpose is to complete the contract; the party that agrees is called the defending party, and its goal is to defeat the enemy's contract.

There are two types of contracts: contract with general and contract without general. A trump contract is to determine a certain suit as a trump card. In addition to winning tricks in this suit, the trump card can also win tricks in other three suits (if there is no such suit).

A no-trump contract is a contract without trump cards. The winning or losing is determined only by the size of each card in the same suit (if the user does not have this suit, he has to play other suits, which is called Tricks cannot be won by playing cards, big or small).

Double

Double is a term that often appears in the bidding process. Its original meaning is that the defender believes that the contract of the contracting party will definitely be defeated by its own side, so he Call "double" as punishment.

The meaning of doubling has been extended to various meanings and is no longer used solely as punishment. If the contracting party is dissatisfied with the defender's call for "double" and believes that it is still confident of fulfilling the contract, it can call "re-double" to punish the doubling party. If the contract is doubled, the winning and losing points of the contracting party will be calculated as four times (basic points multiplied by 4). The doubling symbol is represented by "x", and the doubling symbol is represented by "xx".

To sum up, doubling and re-doubling are closely related to the score gained or lost by the contracting party, especially the contract that was originally not enough to complete the game (the basic score is less than 100 points). After doubling or re-doubling, When a game is reached, the score difference will be more than 500 points, and the score difference will be doubled. Therefore, double and re-double should be used with special caution.

Banker

When the contract is confirmed, the person who first calls out the contract suit will be the main player. He is called the banker. His companion is called a dummy.

After a contract (no general or general) is determined during the bidding, the defensive party located on the left side of the dealer is called the first attacker, that is, he plays the first card. After the first attack is completed, the next player of the first attack will spread out all his cards and arrange them in four rows according to the same suit. This player is called a dummy hand. The opponent of the overt hand is the dealer (also known as the promiser and the dark hand), who is responsible for playing the overt and dark hands. After the dummy hand plays a card, it is the turn of the partner of the first attacker to play a card, and finally it is the contractor's turn to play a card. At this point, there are only four cards on the table that have been played, one for each family, which is called a trick. Each player must play a card of the same suit as the player. If the player no longer has this suit, he or she can use the trump card (any trump card is greater than the cards of other suits) to take or replace a free card. In a trick, if there are trumps, the highest trump is the winning hand. In the second round, the house that won the first trick plays cards first, and the others continue to play cards in a clockwise direction until all thirteen cards are played.

Basic gameplay

In order to bid correctly, you must know the strength of the cards in the user's hand. This is easy to say, but difficult to do. The real strength of the cards in the user's hand depends on the following conditions: high card, long and short suit, how well it matches with the partner's card, the position of the enemy holding the high card, the level of playing cards with the partner, and the level of the enemy playing cards. This is just the beginning! Also pay attention to which players are in high spirits and which players are low in morale; which pairs work well with each other; or which player drinks too much; which player teases others whenever they get the chance, etc. These may all be influencing factors. This unknowability is part of the charm of bridge.

It took me a long time to find them all, please ask