Why Ag has the best conductivity?

Free electrons in metal crystals are the fundamental reason for metal conduction, that is, metals belong to electronic conductors. The conductivity of a metal is achieved by electrons in an incomplete energy band.

3- 1 metal bond theory;

1 Metal atoms have weak bonds with their valence electrons, and some valence electrons easily leave the metal atoms and become free electrons, moving freely in the lattice, just as free valence electrons are owned by many atoms. The bond formed in this way is called metal bond and free electron theory. The theory of free electrons can explain many properties of metals:

1) high coset number: because metal bonds are undirected unsaturated.

2) Conductivity: free electrons move directionally to generate current, and metal atoms or ions hinder the movement of electrons to generate resistance;

3) metallic luster: free electrons are partially released after absorbing visible light, showing silvery white luster;

4) Ductility: Dislocation of metal atoms or ions in crystals does not affect metal bonds, so metals have ductility.

2. Energy band theory;

1) All atoms in the metal crystal are combined into a group of molecular orbitals with the same energy level, and the electrons in the atomic orbitals are filled into the molecular orbitals according to the filling rules;

2) Each group of molecular orbitals constitutes an energy band. The molecular orbital is full of electrons, which is called full band; Those that are not filled with electrons are called conduction bands; Molecular orbitals composed of empty atomic orbitals are called empty bands;

3) the conduction band can conduct electricity because of the empty orbit, and electrons can jump; Electrons in the whole band are not conductive;

4) Conductors can conduct electricity because of conduction bands.

The outermost electronic configuration of silver is as follows:

Ag: 4d 10 5s 1, so it has good conductivity.

In addition:

At room temperature, the resistance of Ag silver is the smallest, so the conductivity of Ag silver is the best at room temperature.

Give you some data of metal resistance, and you will know by comparison:

Silver 0.0 16ω

Copper 0.0 175ω

Aluminum 0.029 ω

Tungsten 0.053 ω

Iron 0. 10ω

Nickel-chromium alloy 1.0ω