Picking oranges is a poem in a good mood.

Su Shi loved eating, planting and chanting oranges all his life. There are many poems and poems related to oranges, among which the yellow orange in Dongting Lake is his favorite. His calligraphy work Ode to the Spring in Dongting (1094 by Shao Shengyuan) is "Smelling oranges makes you happy, but it doesn't reduce the business mountain." In the preface, it is pointed out that "the king of Anding County makes wine with yellow gan, which is called Dongting Spring scenery".

Su Shi has a special liking for citrus, because it is described in many poems because of its golden color, sweet juice and fragrant fragrance. Such as "Ode to an Orange in Huanxisha": "The night of chrysanthemum is dark with frost, the green leaves of new shoots shine on the forest, and the bamboo shed is green and yellow. The fragrant fog is half broken, the clear spring is full of teeth, and Wu Ji's hand is still fragrant for three days. " ; Among them, the allusion of "fragrant fog" comes from Liu's "Send oranges to Kai" in the Southern Dynasties: "Southern oranges are sweet, and bluebirds eat them. From the beginning of first frost, the flavor is the seat and the fog is charming. " . In autumn and winter, chrysanthemums wither and lotus flowers wither, but citrus reticulata is green and green, and oranges are green and yellow, which is fruitful in the field. Citrus is fragrant, and the broken pulp is crystal clear and amazing. A bite is like a clear spring flowing between your teeth. I felt shy when I tasted it for the first time, afraid that the juice would flow out. After eating citrus, Jiangnan women are still fragrant for three days. Among them, "surprised and half broken" and "stealing the first taste" are vividly described, and the words "surprised" and "stealing" are superb.

Citrus also had other names in ancient times, namely "MuNv" and "MuNv". The allusion comes from Danyang Prefecture in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Pei Songzhi quoted Xiangyang Ji in the Southern Dynasty (Song Dynasty): "Every time Heng wanted to run a family, his wife refused to listen, so he sent ten guests to build a house in Longyang, Wuling and plant thousands of sweet oranges. When he died, his son said,' Your mother hates me for housework, so she is poor. However, I don't blame you for your food and clothing. One silk is enough for an old ear. ""Later, people personified the citrus tree. A tree is like a slave, which can be driven to gather wealth and have no worries about food and clothing, so it is called a' wooden slave'.

Many of Su Shi's poems use "wooden slaves" to describe citrus. "Huanxisha": "A few pear blossoms, once inscribed, will shine. How can a wooden slave avoid orpiment? " Beike never knew that Nanjin was priceless and enjoyed a new taste, and his mouth was full of teeth. "'Richard' means hawthorn and pear." Citrus grows with hawthorn and pear in the winter of rain, snow and frost. Once evaluated, it will add luster. Where can oranges avoid people's discussion? Kumquat produced in the south is priceless, because it can rarely be transported to the north. I came to Huangzhou from the north and didn't know what it was for the first time. After chewing, it feels delicious, with plenty of tooth juice and delicious taste.

When Su Shi describes oranges, he often uses an allusion, that is, "Huai Ju Qin Feng". This allusion comes from The Story of the Three Kingdoms: "When I was six years old, I met Yuan Shu in Jiujiang. Technology produced three oranges, and when he went, he knelt down to the ground. The skill said,' Lu is a guest, and he is pregnant with oranges?' Ji knelt down and replied, "I want to go back to my mother." . The technology is amazing. "。 Later, "Huaiju" was taken as the allusion of homesickness and filial piety, and "Huaiju's mother" was listed as the 24th filial piety.

Su Shi's "Enjoy the Fragrance": "A pair of Ropa are not divided into treasures, and the forest tastes shame first. Exposed leaves and frosty branches cut cold and green, and the golden plate and jade fingers break the fragrance. The spring is full of teeth first, and the fragrance is misty. A thousand slaves can bear my poverty. " . The ancient allusion of "sweetness", "orange" and "sharing treasures" comes from Thirty-one Years of Ram Zhao Gong: "Young people love it. Be sure to eat with your second son. If you have a thin diet, you must take enough food first. " Gong Yan's younger brother Shu Shu killed Gong Yan, married his wife and gave birth to a son Xu Wei. Gong Yan and his wife have a son, Xiagong. Both Shu Shu and Yan Fu like Xu Wei. They have precious food, and Wei Xu must eat first. Later, Xia Gong expressed dissatisfaction, and Shu Shu woke up after seeing it, so he gave the position of the national army to his nephew Xia Gong, which should have been. Later, "sharing treasures" was used to describe * * * enjoying delicious food, which was combined with "serving relatives with oranges", meaning to honor parents first, and then treat friends first, reflecting the fine style of ancient gentlemen. "Under the forest" is a modest name, which refers to seclusion in the mountains, and "chasing ministers" is also Su Shi's self-proclaimed exiled minister. "Xin" also refers to citrus, because it is western, autumn, gold and Xin, so it is used here to replace citrus.

When Su Shi was demoted as an assistant in Huangzhou Youth League Training, the poem adopted the creative techniques of "Kunxi style" and "not telling the truth". After the oranges were ripe, they were not wrapped in ropa and shared with friends (because Su Shi Gaotang had passed away at that time and could not serve his relatives), so I felt guilty when I first tasted them. Citrus was picked, cut and put on a yellow plate, which was broken by the beautiful jade finger that matched here. At that time, the fragrance was overflowing, the juice was sweet, and the fragrance lingered between my teeth. The guests present politely advised Su Shi to accept these oranges, and could not help sighing that the Eastern Han Dynasty was too conservative to plant thousands of citrus trees to get rich. Unfortunately, he only had one citrus, which was really pitiful. While praising the sweetness of oranges, this poem laments the frustration and hardship of life in the face of exile and relegation. Lenovo's former constant strength saved himself by planting oranges, but he was so poor that he couldn't even share the treasure with his friends. I really feel guilty. Before and after the corresponding, a chant and three sighs, although the orange is beautiful, the heart is sad.

As an uninhibited poet, Su Shi is full of vigor and vitality, free and easy, optimistic and open-minded, and has always held a positive attitude towards life. Take the poem of citrus as an example, and there is another poem that encourages each other with friends. In the fifth year of Yuan You (1090), Su Shi wrote A Gift to Liu Jingwen when he was in Hangzhou. At this time, Su Shi's situation improved, he was in a good mood, and his poems were active and vigorous.

"To Liu Jingwen" is also called "Winter Scenery": "The lotus has no shelter from the rain, but the chrysanthemum still has Ao Shuang branches. You must remember the good scenery in a year, especially when it is orange and green. " The author of this four-line poem was 64 years old at that time, but he was still ambitious and his ambition remained unchanged. The main idea of the poem is: in winter, lotus leaves wither and wither, so they can't be used as umbrella covers to shelter from the rain; Chrysanthemum withered, but still hanging on the branches, proudly standing in the snow and ice. I hope my friends will remember that the best season of the year is (not necessarily spring), but when oranges are green and yellow, fruits are Lei Lei. This poem describes the scenery, expresses feelings, compares the withered lotus flower to the chrysanthemum Ao Shuang, and then introduces kumquat, which shows that even in winter, it is also the harvest time, so don't be discouraged, and the golden age of life is the golden age of great achievements. This quatrain is concise, profound in artistic conception, optimistic and open-minded, and full of positive spirit.