How to understand the emergence and sublation of labor alienation?

Before Marx, the various alienations revealed by people basically remained the external phenomenon of alienation. Marx revealed the essential alienation that determines the external phenomenon of alienation, that is, alienated labor or labor alienation.

Marx used alienated labor to summarize the relationship between workers and their labor products and labor itself under the conditions of private ownership. He believed that labor (free and conscious activity) is the human essence, but alienation has occurred under the conditions of private ownership. Its specific manifestations are:

① Workers are alienated from their own labor products.

② Workers are alienated from their own labor activities.

③ Man is alienated from his own species essence, that is, man is alienated from his free and conscious activities and the object world he creates.

④ People are different from each other. Because when people are opposed to the products of their own labor, their own labor activities, and their own species essence, they must also be opposed to others.

With the help of the concept of alienated labor, Marx preliminarily discussed the objective laws of human historical development, revealed the nature and origin of private property, and explained the historical inevitability through the sublation of alienated labor