How to raise cattle?

Requirements for bullpen construction:

The construction of cowshed should be determined according to the local temperature change, the production and use of cowshed, etc. It is economical and practical to build a cowshed, because it is simple, local materials, and must meet the requirements of veterinary hygiene, scientific and reasonable. If conditions permit, it can be built with good quality and durability. It is best to sit in the cowshed facing south or southeast. The cowshed should have a certain number and size of windows to ensure sufficient sunshine and air circulation. The roof has a certain thickness and good thermal insulation performance. The layout of various facilities in the shed should be scientific and reasonable to facilitate the growth of beef cattle.

Basic structure:

1. The foundation and wall are 8- 100 cm deep, the brick wall is 24 cm thick, the double-slope cowshed roof is 4.0-5.0 meters high, and the front and rear eaves are L0-3.5 meters high. There is no fence around the lower part of the inner wall of the cowshed, which prevents moisture from infiltrating into the wall and improves the firmness and heat preservation of the wall.

2. Doors and windows are 2. 1-2.2m high and 2-2.5m wide. Doors are generally set as double doors, and can also be set as rolling doors. The enclosed windows are larger, with a height of 1.5m, a width of 1.5m and a sill height of 1.2m from the ground.

3. Site area The ancillary buildings such as beef cattle production, cattle farm management and workers' life need a certain site and space. The scale of the cattle farm can be calculated according to the required area and long-term planning of each cow. The area of cowshed and other houses is 15%-20% of the total site area. Because of the different sizes, production purposes and feeding methods of cattle, the area occupied by each cow is also different. The required area of each fattening cow is 1.6-4.6 square meters, the grass is 2.3-4.6 square meters in each cow pen, and each cow has a fence 1.6-2.0 square meters.

4. The most commonly used roof is the double slope roof. This type of roof can be applied to large-span cowshed and cows of all sizes. This kind of roof is economical, good in heat insulation and easy to construct.

5. Cattle beds and feeding trough beef farms are mostly fed through trough groups. Cattle beds are generally required to be 1.6- 1.8m long and 1.0- 1.2m wide. The slope of cattle bed is 1.5%, and the position of cattle trough end is high. The feeding tank is located in front of the cattle bed, and the fixed cement tank is the most suitable, with the upper part being 0.6-0.8 m wide and the bottom being wide. Benefit analysis of imported silage technology: misunderstanding of artificial insemination improvement; Feeding management of mobile breeding straw micro-storage: prevention and treatment of cattle coarse feed sheep disease is 0.35-0.40 m, which is arc-shaped, with the inner edge of rafters being 0.35 m (near the cattle bed) and the outer edge being 0.6-0. In order to operate conveniently and save labor, it is better to build a high channel and a low channel. That is, the outer edges of the grooves and channels are on a horizontal plane.

6. Double-row cowshed with head-to-head feeding through passage and excrement ditch. The width of the middle passage is1.4-1.8m. The width shall be subject to the passage of the feeding truck. The road and groove are integrated, and the road width is 3 meters (including the groove width). The width of dung ditch should be 0.25-0.3m wide, 0. 15-0.3m deep, and the inclination is1:50-1:100.

Requirements for the construction of sheep houses:

1, front wall height 1. 1 m or1.3m, back wall height1.8m, corridor width1.0m, ground to the highest point of 2.5m, and span of 8m. ..

2. The front of the house is low and then high, and the rear end is 0.3m higher than the ground outside the house. The slope is suitable for natural drainage of rainwater, and the ground sand and gravel shall be compacted by lime soil 1: 1.

3. The front eaves are 0.7 meters wide, and wooden columns and brick columns stand everywhere.

4. The thickness of the shed should be increased as much as possible, not less than 15cm, and the shed surface can be paved with ceramic tiles or hammered with coal ash.

5. The front wall and shed are covered with plastic film in winter, and the back wall is 1.5 meters (lower edge) from the ground with windows, which are closed in winter; The front wall is provided with a door (or fence) with a width of1.5m. In winter, a thermal insulation door bucket is provided.

6. Switchable ventilation holes should be set at the highest point of each house to adjust the air quality and temperature in the house. The construction method is the same as the residential chimney.

7. The length of the sheephouse, for example, raising 100 sheep, each sheep covers an area of 1.0m2, and needs 25m.

First of all, the sheep shed

The sheephouse should be chosen in a place with high and dry terrain, good drainage and plenty of sunshine. The ground of the sheepfold should be more than 20 cm above the ground. Building materials should be based on local materials. The general requirements are firm, warm and well ventilated.

The area of the sheephouse can be determined according to the scale of breeding. Generally, each sheep should be guaranteed 1.0-2.0 square meters. Each sheepfold can't keep many sheep, otherwise it will be difficult to manage and increase the chance of infectious diseases. When there are many sheep, in order to facilitate feeding management, a breeder passage should be set up, and both sides of the passage should be separated by iron bars or wooden poles. When sheep eat and drink, they stick their heads out of the railing to eat or drink.

The height of the sheepfold depends on the area of the sheepfold. If it is a closed sheephouse, the height should consider the area exposed to sunlight.

The management of sheephouses should remember the principles of "mud pigs clean sheep", "sheep don't lie wet" and "keep warm and fat", and should be disinfected regularly. Large-scale farming should be equipped with a delivery room with warm equipment, preferably a warm pit.

Second, the sports ground.

There should be a sports field near the entrance and exit of the sheep shed. The sports field should be high and dry with good drainage.

The area of the playground depends on the number of sheep, but it must be larger than the sheepfold to ensure the full activity of the sheep.

The playground should have a fence, trees should be planted around it, and there should be a cool and sheltered place in summer.

Third, the trough

Cement can be used to build a groove with a width of 30 cm and a depth of 25 cm. Cement tanks are convenient for drinking water, but it is not good to freeze in winter, and it is not easy to clean and disinfect. The feeding trough made of wood board can be moved, which overcomes the shortcomings of cement trough. The length can be determined according to the number of sheep, which is convenient to move, clean and disinfect.

The width of the indoor corridor is about 130 cm.

Wall height of sports ground: small tail Han sheep130cm; Goat160cm

Area of each sheepfold: 480×450 cm2.

Each circle is provided with a rear window with an area of 80×80 cm2.

A switchable cover is arranged on the ridge corresponding to each circle.

Sheep coverage area: breeding sheep 1.5-2.0m 2/ head; Empty pregnant ewe 0.8- 1.0m 2/ head;

Pregnant or lactating ewe 2.0-2.3m 2/ head; Young sheep 0.5-0.6 m2/head