Why did Mount Tai have such a profound influence on Confucius' thought?

Confucius was a famous politician, thinker, educator and writer in ancient China. Since Confucius, Taishan has fallen in love with celebrities. Confucius climbed Mount Tai to express his ambition and broaden his horizons. Investigate Zen and learn etiquette; It is very rich to know people's feelings and observe current politics, activities and historical sites. The records of Mount Tai in the Ming Dynasty said: "Mount Tai is a famous place, and Confucius called it the first." This not only expands the connotation of Taishan culture, but also enables Confucianism to develop with the help of Taishan. At the same time, Confucius also created a precedent for celebrities to climb Mount Tai. Because of his special status and influence, later generations have followed suit. "Climbing Mount Tai, a small world" has become an indispensable part of literati's life in past dynasties, followed by profound cultural psychology, which has spread into a long-standing cultural atmosphere and evolved into a big landscape in traditional culture. Confucius has many activities in Mount Tai. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Mount Tai was the dividing line between Qilu and China. The gates of both countries are equipped with military equipment, and North Koreans often complain back and forth. Lu is the fief of the Duke of Zhou, and the Duke of Zhou Temple can be used for sacrificial ceremonies and music. Therefore, Shandong has completely preserved the political, cultural and legal systems of the Zhou Dynasty. Confucius spent most of his life in Shandong, which provided sufficient conditions for his activities in Mount Tai.

Confucius once climbed Mount Tai to inspect the Zen system. Mount Tai, located in the east of China, is called Dongyue. In primitive religious beliefs, the East is the master of life, so Mount Tai is the master of life and death, which was later extended to the meaning of "Zen Dynasty" in the imperial era. After the emperor's regime change brought peace, they all went to Mount Tai to worship as a sign of God's will and made the world their home. Record: "Seventy-two ancestors of Mount Tai Zen Liang." The content of Zen Buddhism is to build earth on the top of Mount Tai to worship heaven in return for gratitude, which is called serving; At the foot of Mount Tai, Fu Liangshan pays homage to this land, which is called Zen. This grand and solemn ceremony, with a set of sacred and strict rituals, is very attractive to Confucius because he attaches great importance to rituals and music systems. Throughout his life, Confucius took the Duke of Zhou as an example and took it as his duty to restore the political and ritual music system of the Zhou Dynasty, always ready to help the monarch realize this idea. Therefore, Zen is an important national ceremony that must be mastered. According to records: "Confucius climbed Mount Tai, and there was a gentleman at his disposal, with more than 70 people." After many field visits and repeated comparisons, it is found that the specific rituals of Zen in past dynasties are very different, which provides rich materials for him to master Zen etiquette. At that time, the activities of Zen and mountain sacrifice were all held by the monarch, so it was impolite to put them under the crown prince. According to Guan Zi Feng Chan, there was a doctor in Lu who wanted to worship Mount Tai. Confucius hurriedly asked the student of the housekeeper Ji: Can't people stop it? You can't answer. Confucius said, "Mount Tai knows no manners. Can he accept such an unruly sacrifice? " Confucius engaged in political activities around Mount Tai, the most famous of which was the Oracle Bone Inscriptions Conference held in Laiwu, east of Mount Tai. Records in 2000: In the tenth year of Lu, Confucius was made king of Lu and began to govern the country with his own political ideas, which gradually became stable and powerful, which made Qi very uneasy. In order to conquer Lu, we listened to the suggestions of Li Yan and others, invited them to gather in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and wanted to take this opportunity to force Lu to yield. Lu promised to go to the meeting. Accompanied by a shepherd, Confucius mobilized troops to accompany him according to the principle that "whoever has literary works must be armed". He mobilized his army followers according to the policy of "whoever has a scribe has a weapon". Qi Baishi accompanied Gong Jing to meet the famous politician Yan Ying.

After the meeting began, Qi invited everyone to perform local songs and dances, so he shouted "draw a gun and sword" to threaten. In desperation, Confucius stepped up the steps step by step, rolled up his sleeves and shouted, "The monarchs of our two countries are holding a grand party. Why are there such barbaric songs and dances? " What should Qi do? Gong Jing felt embarrassed and motioned for him to step down. After a while, Qi asked to play court music, so he called for "advocating the short to play first" and insulted him. Confucius went up the steps again and said loudly, "Those who tease princes shall be beheaded according to law. Confucius' serious attitude, strict etiquette and full military preparation made him feel that he could not be easily held hostage, so he quickly ended the meeting. " After returning to China, Qi Jinggong's lingering fear did not disappear. He complained that Confucius helped the monarch according to etiquette, but you taught me in different ways. Now, I have sinned against Lu. What should I do? So I want to return Wenyangtian and Hotan occupied by Lu to show my gratitude. At present, there is a Xie Guocheng site near Fujia Village, more than 0/0 miles east of Thailand, which was built for this purpose. Prior to this, Yan Ying looked down on Confucius very much and once said to Qi Jinggong: "Confucian scholars are ridiculous and can't obey the law; Proud and obedient, not inferior; Worship and funeral, bankruptcy and burial, not bad; Lobbying and begging for loans can't be for the country. Now Confucius is full of "decorations, countless lifting ceremonies and more detailed festivals." He can't learn from the past, nor can he study his rituals. "This' four essentials' and' two essentials' demoted Confucius to nothing. The alliance between Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Confucius fully demonstrated Confucius' political and diplomatic abilities, and also proved that Yan Zi's view of Confucius was very narrow and one-sided, underestimating his political opponents.

In the fourth year after the Oracle bones conference, Qi was worried about "Confucius ruling the country" and annexed Qi, so he accepted Li Mo's suggestion and gave Qi to Lu Jun. Eighty enchanting beauties were good at singing decadent songs, and thirty were crowned with golden light. I want to stifle lujun's will and alienate lujun from Confucius. Sure enough, "many of Qi's incognito private visits will be affected. It is said that the army was busy at that time, watching all day and being politically lazy. Confucius' family), his desire and thinness stand out. Seeing that Lu Jun was so absurd, Confucius had to take the blame and resign, and left the state of Lu with a heavy heart after careful governance. On the way, I passed Guishan, south of Mount Tai and west of Xintai, and saw the land of Yin and Gui. But I was forced to go to Shandong, full of resentment, so I wrote Ghost Mountain Cao. Cai Yong's Historical Records of Confucius in the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Turtle grass is also made by Confucius." People take pleasure in eating women, but lujun refuses to listen to North Korea. At this time, the dictatorship, the tyrant is the emperor, the doctor is the line, and the sage is the evil people. Confucius refused to give an idea, so he had to step down and look for Lu. Covered by Lu Guishan, the Ji family stayed in Guishan and supported it with an axe. Ji's dictatorship still hangs over Lu in Kameyama. It's too late, and it hurts the tomb of the government, so the people can't get what they want, and they can't, so they sing on the piano: Give Lu and build Guishan. What is Kameyama without an axe? '

In the eleventh year, the funeral sent a large sum of money to welcome Confucius back to Shandong to defend himself. At that time, Confucius had been wandering for 14 years, with deeper experience and more mature political experience. Lu saw that he was worried about Sister Heji. Being recalled to China, he is very helpless and will not really reuse it. Besides, since he is 68 years old, it is difficult for him to achieve much under difficult circumstances. Years of energy wasted running around, and the mood of returning to China in my later years is very complicated. Therefore, when he passed Mount Tai and looked into the distance, he couldn't help writing Historical Records to express his feelings: climbing Qiu Ling and winning the Han Dynasty. Kindness lies in you, so if you want it. Later, I lost it because the baby tripped. Looking back, Fu Liang returned to the company. Jackie occupied the road, but Jackie missed it Will be cut off and suffer the spread of AIDS. There will always be only sighs and cries. This poem was handed down to Confucius from generation to generation. If so, this is the first poem dedicated to Mount Tai by Confucius and his second poem after Cao Guishan.

Ty Zhan Lu. Daiding south, Confucius climbed high and looked at Lu. As the saying goes, "Confucius is adjacent to Lu Xiao in the east and climbed Mount Tai. The world is small. " Therefore, it is difficult for people who swim in the sea to swim in the water, and it is also difficult to speak at the door of the sage. In other words, the realm of knowledge must be constantly improved in order to have a higher moral cultivation. "Here is a stone carving" Confucius is a small place in the world "to commemorate it." It is at the southern foot of Mount Tai, east of Wang Mu pond. " Cao Qin. As the saying goes, "Confucius crossed Mount Tai, and a woman cried at the grave", lamenting that "tyranny is not as good as a tiger". However, the terrain here is open and Shan Ye is sparse. It doesn't seem to be a place where tigers and wolves haunt. The name "Tiger Mountain" may have been added by later generations. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty erected a monument here, claiming that he had killed a tiger here. Many people think that this is a historical fact, but it is actually arty and a means to get rid of "tyranny". Ji Zha's grave. In Laiwu town, east of Mount Tai. Ji Zha, the fourth son of Wang Wushoumeng, gave up the throne three times and traveled around the world to study etiquette and music. He is a master of Wu culture. When Confucius was eight years old, he made a special trip to Shandong to watch contemporary music and dance and made a comprehensive and systematic evaluation. Later, on the way back to Qi, his eldest son died at the foot of Mount Tai and had to be buried on the spot. According to "Songs of the Autumn Tomb", Confucius thought he was most familiar with the Wu Le system and made a special trip to see the funeral of his eldest son. Now, next to Ji Zha's tomb, there is a stone tablet "Confucius Sacrifice Site". Pirate Spring Valley. Fifteen miles south of Muchangyu Town, Xintai, it is called "stealing springs" and "Lisao": "Confucius will die, not living in stealing springs, thirsty but not drinking, and hate his name." Therefore, there is a saying: "the benevolent does not drink the water from the stolen spring, and the sincere does not eat it." "Because of its notoriety, later generations changed" theft "to" Tao ",which is also called" Yuquan "today.

Xi city. Dongzhuang Township, Ning County. "Confucius travels Mount Tai, and Hong Rong sees the wilderness." Rong Qiqi is a 90-year-old hermit, dressed in deerskin and tied with a straw rope around his waist, singing while playing the piano. Confucius asked, "Why is your husband so happy?" Rong said, "I have so many happy things. Only man is the noblest thing in the world, which is the first kind of happiness I was born with; People are divided into men and women, men are better than women, and I can be a man, which is the second kind of happiness; Some people have a short life span and even die in their mothers' stomachs and swaddling clothes. Living to 90 years old is my third greatest happiness. Living in poverty is the common situation of moral people, and death is the end of life. I am content to spend my life under normal circumstances. What is there to worry about? Confucius was deeply moved and said, "Great! How comforting! This incident greatly inspired and influenced Confucius. There are also on Mount Tai.

Many Confucius disciples are related to Mount Tai. Among them, Yan Hui was the first disciple. Yan Zi and Confucius went to Lushan Mountain. Confucius looked southeast, and there was a white horse outside Tianmen. Yan Yuan said, have you seen Tianmen Wu? Yan Yuan said, look. Confucius said: What is outside the door? Say: it's like practicing in vain. Confucius closed his eyes. Located in front of Daiding Confucius Temple, the Ming Dynasty established a stone workshop here, "the sacred monument of the King of Wu". It is also called Wang Wufeng and Ziyan Kong. In Wenyangtian, southwest of Mount Tai and north of Wenshui, there is a "Swallow Slope", which has been visited by apprentices since they went down the mountain. Yan Hui, a flash in the pan, aroused the homesickness of Taishan people. Ceng Zi is the most effective disciple of Confucius in studying loyalty and filial piety. He is known as the Ceng Zi School, and his works include Mencius and The Book of Rites. Be regarded as a "sacred object" by later generations. Ceng Zi was also the author of early Taishan folk songs. According to "Talking about Bows", he once "plowed under Mount Tai, frozen in rain and snow, and could not return for ten days". He remembered his parents and wrote The Book of Rites. Its melody is gloomy and desolate, full of sadness, and then spread widely. Later generations Zhuge Liang and Li Bai are good at singing this song. It should be said that this is Ceng Zi's contribution to Taishan culture. Ruo, also known as Youzi, is one of the twelve sons of Confucius. In the year of his son's death, Confucius' disciples only called Zeng Shen, especially the word "zi", which shows his status at that time. According to Liezi Tian Rui, after Confucius died, his disciples missed him day and night. Because Youruo looks like Confucius, Xia Zi, Zhang Zi, Zi You and others discussed with each other, established Youruo as a teacher, and served and consulted respectfully as Confucius did before his death. Youzi's hometown is at the foot of Mount Tai in Feicheng, where the descendants of Youruo live together. The tomb of Youzi is near Youjiazhuang. An inscription of the Song Dynasty unearthed in the fifty years of Qing Qianlong proved to be the graveyard of wanderers.

Lan Geng, also known as Bo Niu, is one of the twelve sons. Also known as Yan Hui, Min Ziqian and Zhong Gong. Gongsun Chou, the master of Mencius, thinks that Ran is closer to Confucius, but not as profound as Confucius. Later, Ran Geng was seriously ill. Confucius went to see him and sighed sadly: "If you die, you will die!" " ! Everyone has their own problems! Someone has a problem! "Rangeng's hometown is Feicheng Ranjiazhuang, where his descendants live. There is Ranzi Temple in the village, where people worship their ancestor Ranzi. In the thirteenth year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, the Ran family specially set up a hereditary doctor of the Five Classics. In order to show special care for this Tessa, he was awarded a title for twelve years. Fang Lin is a learned scholar, proficient in etiquette. : "The essence of Fang Lin's ceremony. Confucius said, "Good question! Etiquette, not luxury, is better; It's easier to lose than to lose. When the Zhou family wanted to offer sacrifices to Mount Tai, Confucius said angrily, "Wow! I said Taishan is not as good as Lin? "Fang Lin's hometown is in the urban-rural fringe of Xintai Square, and the land is named after Fang Lin. Sixty years. A monument unearthed locally proves that this is Fang Lin's hometown. The locals call it "Taishan Fang Lin". As an outstanding representative of Taishan people, they specially built a Fang Lin ancestral hall in their hometown for people to worship. " Taishan Rock, Lubangpan ". This is the worship of Mount Tai in Confucius' Family Tales, which was deleted by Confucius in his later years. Mount Tai has a great influence on Confucius: learning rites and music can let you see the leopard in the whole Zen ceremony; Climb Mount Tai, go to the small world, and humbly judge your moral integrity and knowledge literacy; Before Confucius died, Kong Li, Yan Hui and Lutz died one after another. Knowing that you are dying, sing "Taishan withers! Destroy the beams and columns! The last song links a person's life and death with Mount Tai, which shows the extraordinary position of Mount Tai in Confucius' mind.

Confucius' influence on Mount Tai is far-reaching: Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a successful example of Confucian politics, which proves that Confucianism is by no means a vain person, and his erudition cannot show the world. The Book of Filial Piety makes it difficult for Qu Yuan, Li Bai and others to sing forever. It has been running in Qilu for a long time, and it seems that the influence of cultural geography on people's character has been involved in the comparison of "the wise enjoy water and the benevolent enjoy Leshan". Through careful observation, we can know that "the wise move, the benevolent is quiet, the wise are happy, and the benevolent lives", which is the influence of landscape appreciation on people's psychology and health, and is undoubtedly the earliest enlightenment understanding of tourism psychology and tourism aesthetics. If anyone has left the richest ideological and cultural heritage in the mountains and rivers, it is Confucius. Later generations closely linked Confucius with Mount Tai, praising it as "Mount Tai, the holy spirit of Confucius, the Yue of Mount Tai", which is quite meaningful.