What are the fonts of calligraphy? What are the characteristics?

Su Shi's calligraphy focuses on "meaning" and goes his own way. Huang Tingjian, one of the "Four Bachelor of Sumen", said: "His calligraphy is very attractive ... until he drinks too much wine, he forgets himself and is clumsy, and his words are extremely thin ... As for the round rhyme of his pen, his articles are wonderful all over the world, and his loyalty runs through the sun and the moon, which is the first." Charm can be said to be the biggest feature of his calligraphy. Ming Dong Qichang even praised him for "making full use of the front, which is the Lanting of Po Gong". Therefore, the beauty of Su's calligraphy is called "the beauty lies in the hidden front", "the ancient road is strong", "the body is strong and peaceful, the weather is graceful and abundant" and "the hidden skill is better than the clumsy", which is a great style, and its calligraphy theory implication is even more incisive, not only for the present world, but also for future generations.

Su Shi was implicated in the Yuan Party case. Not only was he not recorded in Xuanhe Pu Shu, but his calligraphy works were also destroyed. There are nearly 30 original calligraphy works handed down from generation to generation, among which Zhipingtie is the most important work in the early and middle period, followed by Wen Zhiming's Postscript of the Ming Dynasty, which was written by Su Shi in his thirties. By the middle period, many famous works appeared, such as "Qianchibi Fu" in regular script and "Several Poems in Sacrifice to Yellow Emperor". Du Fu's Alnus Poetry, Huangzhou's Cold Food Poetry, and the New Year's celebration and two letters from the people are all representative works in the middle period. Su Shi's regular script is rare. From several of his two works, Fu on a Thousand Red Cliffs and Sacrifice to the Yellow River, we can see that the script is quite different from the rigorous Tang Kai, not only the font is on the left, but also the brushwork is naturally informal. Some people say that his calligraphy is so beautiful on the left side and so withered on the right side with his wrist on and his pen lying down. Huang Tingjian defended it, saying that Su Shu was read according to "Hanlin's ink ruler". In other words, Su Shi does not emphasize the rigorous statutes of calligraphy, even regular script. Judging from the pen and ink, Su Shu is not "lying on the pen", but using the pen slightly lower and still taking the pen as the center, so he has the posture of winning the pen. His running script is bigger and smaller, with flesh and blood, bones and flesh, and there are both Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi's parents. In the history of calligraphy, there were four great calligraphers in Song Dynasty: Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. The four of them are considered as typical representatives of calligraphy style in Song Dynasty. Among the "Song Sijia", the top three are Su Shi (Dongpo), Huang Tingjian (Fu Weng) and Mi Fei (Xiangyang Manshi). Judging from the style of calligraphy, Su Wu is full of ups and downs and innocence; Huang tingjian rises vertically and horizontally, hiding and pulling; Miffy is handsome, bold, calm and happy. They were all good at learning from the ancients, full of innovative spirit and unique book style, and were highly respected by people at that time. They are listed in four schools, and there is no objection to this. Who "Cai" refers to has always been controversial, but it ranks at the bottom of the four schools.

It is generally believed that Cai refers to Cai Xiang (). His calligraphy is based on the Jin and Tang Dynasties, paying attention to the ancient meaning and statutes. Its block letters are dignified and steady, its running script is pure and beautiful, and its cursive script adopts the method of flying white, which is called "scattered grass", which is self-contained and very beautiful. Hong Renzong loved books very much, and once "inscribed the inscription of Yuan Jiu's" Longxi King "to make it a book of life" and "made the book a monument to his father's warmth" (Biography of Cai Xiang of the Song Dynasty). Cai Xiang's calligraphy art was also valued by scholars at that time. Huang Tingjian once said: Both Cai and Ouyang Xiu (Collected Works of the Valley) said: "Mo Jun lives alone in the world, but refuses to lead the alliance with humility." (Ouyang Wenzhong's public collection) Su Wu pointed out in Dongpo's inscription: "Cai is the first in this dynasty with his high talent, profound knowledge and endless transformation." Since it is "the first in the DPRK" and since calligraphy has always been the "main league", it should be well-deserved to be listed as the four major schools. However, since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there has been another saying. Judging from the arrangement order of the four schools and the characteristics of the times, "Cai" originally referred to Cai Jing, and it was only after later generations hated him that it was replaced by Cai Xiang. The appraisers of calligraphy and painting in Ming Dynasty said in Fang: "The calligraphers in Song Dynasty were Su, Huang, Mi, Cai and Wei Jingyi. Later generations hated him as a man, so they went to court and entered your ears. Before Su and Huang, they should not be listed later. It is undoubtedly Beijing. The Beijing School's brushwork is charming, and it is not comparable to Mo Jun. " Sun Du of Ming Dynasty also said; "Cai Jing is the most famous Cai in the Song Dynasty. Now it's easy to be indifferent to you, so the younger generation is upside down ..." (Postscript of Painting and Calligraphy) An Shifeng's Maureen Pleasure further obscures Cai Jing's topic, saying; Cai Bian is better than Cai Jing, and Cai Jing is better than Cai Xiang. "Fortunately, there is a ban and no Cai." In Qing Dynasty, Hang Shijun also took "Su Huangmi, Cai Fei and Cai Xiang" as an example of "human error". It can be seen that "Cai Jing Theory" had a great influence in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In all fairness, the proposal of "Cai Jing Theory" does have some truth. Cai Jing's calligraphy art has the characteristics of verve, boldness and calmness. Compared with Cai Xiang, which has preserved more "ancient laws", Cai Jing's calligraphy seems to be more innovative and can better reflect the aesthetic taste of calligraphy in the Song Dynasty. Therefore, it enjoyed a high reputation at that time, and many people studied its books in the government and the public. Yuan Tao chiayi's "Book History Society" once quoted critics at that time as saying; "Its strict and informal, is nothing more than rules. Books are like swords, and they are discussed in the temple; Running script is like a noble son, full of enthusiasm and brilliance; The big characters are the best in the world, and there are few horses. " It can reflect Cai Jing's position in calligraphy art at that time. Secondly, Cai Xiang's calligraphy was praised as "the first in the North Song Dynasty" in the early years, but since the formation of the new book style in the Middle Northern Song Dynasty, people have gradually criticized Cai Xiang's calligraphy. Su Dongpo mentioned many times in Dongpo's inscription that "those who wrote Mo Jun in recent years have quite different opinions", and that "Mo Jun is the best in the world, and the critics are not". Although Su Shi always insisted that Cai Xiang should be the first, at least in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, people's evaluation of Cai Xiang was not so consistent. Thirdly, from the arrangement order, the arrangement of Su, Huang and Mi has obvious generational order. Cai Xiang is a Renzong, ranking first among Zhezong and Huizong, second only to Mi Fei. There are some doubts. In this regard, people who insist on "Cai Xiang's theory" retort that although there is no "Song Sijia" theory in Song literature so far, Cun Wang, a adherent of the Southern Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty, has clearly put forward the "four schools" theory. In the ink of Postscript Cai Xiang Tao and Shi Yanming, he said that Cai Xiang's calligraphy was "sparse and self-contained, and there were four calligraphy schools at that time. A sneak peek, Dongpo muddy cycle looks the strongest, Fucheng Weng is thin and hard, Xiangyang changes vertically and horizontally, but it is better to put pen to paper. If you are indifferent, look at those people with rope rulers, and you will be selfless. Thus, it is pointed out that there were not only four schools at that time, but also these four schools were obviously Su, Huang, Mi and Cai. In addition, in the history of calligraphy, Cai Xiang's achievements in calligraphy are obvious to all, and his calligraphy style is unique, and he has also contributed to rejecting calligraphy and revitalizing the style of calligraphy. So overall, his achievements are obviously more than Cai Jing's. Regarding the arrangement order, Zhang Boju once pointed out in the article "The Book of Song Sijia" that "the order should be Cai, Su, Mi and Huang, and the general pronunciation should be Su, Huang, Mi and Cai, which means that it is a habit to equate Yin and Yang. "It shows that this arrangement is only formed by the fluency of pronunciation, and has nothing to do with the seniority of the four masters. It seems that "Cai Jing Theory" is not nonsense, and "Cai Xiang Theory" is well-founded. Because Cai Jing is one of the "Six Thieves", it is really difficult for people to accept him emotionally, so people tend to Cai Xiang. But it seems that the final conclusion of this problem should be confirmed by the literature of Song Dynasty. Isn't Cai Jing's handwriting very good? Cai Xiang, born in 10 12 and died in 1067, was a calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Mo Jun, originally from Gwangju, later lived in Xianyou and Xinghua (now Fujian) and moved to Putian. Knowing the bachelor's degree in Duanming Temple, knowing Hangzhou. Zhong zhonghui. Good writing, integrity, behavior, cursive, but also good at cursive. Learn from Yu Shinan and Yan Zhenqing, and learn from Jin people. The block letters are calm, the running script is gentle and charming, and the cursive script uses the flying white method. It is the ultimate theory to say "Cai chinese odyssey" in Dongpo Inscription, which is also called "Song Sijia" with Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei. Mo Jun's running script is the first, lower case is the second, and cursive script is the third; As far as its advantages are concerned, it is short and pithy, and the big characters are small and sparse. Talent is high, learning is supplemented, and it is suitable for the world! " Mi Fei's "Famous Words of the Sea and Moon" commented on his book as "like a young woman, charming in posture, slow in walking, with a little makeup." Handed down ink includes "Xie Shu Shi", letters and manuscripts. Inscriptions include "Wan 'an Bridge" and "Zhou Jintang". He is the author of books compiled by later generations, such as Tea Records, Litchi Spectrum and Cai Zhonghui Gong Ji. Xie Shushi, also known as self-writing, thanked the table and incorporated the poem into the poem, is the regular script ink written by Cai Xiang. The content recorded in the post is roughly the word "Mo Jun" given by the emperor to Cai Xiang. Cai Xiang was very grateful. He wrote a poem to express his gratitude to the emperor. Paper, regular script, a scroll, an ancient poem. There are 38 lines, each line has different words, ***320 words. Length 24.8 cm, width 107.9 cm. Collection of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. A survey of Shigutang's calligraphy and painting and a description of Mohuan Guan Hui. The regular script of this post is Cai Xiang's elaborate work. Because he is talented, knowledgeable, upright, meticulous and exquisite everywhere, he tries to tie the level with an implicit style. Ming Gufu's "Magnificence of Life": "White paper is true, there is no real hate, and it is easy to bear. This is the first regular script. "Cai Xiang's calligraphy is one of the' Four Masters' alongside Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei. Compared with the four schools, Wang Mang, a Yuan Dynasty man, wrote "Cai Xiang's Exploration of the Stone Yan Ming Postscript on the Zhaohe River", which greatly praised Cai Xiang's calligraphy. " The brushwork is sparse and self-contained. The position at that time was four. From a sneak peek, Dongyue looks the strongest, Fuweng looks thin and hard, and Xiangyang changes vertically and horizontally, but from the pen point of view, it must be good.

If you do, look at it impartially and take the rope ruler. "

Cai Xiang (1012 ——1007), a Xianyou native of Xinghua, Fujian, was an official in Xijing. Tired officials learned to remonstrate with the court, went straight to the history museum and began to live together. They moved to Hangzhou with the bachelor of Duanmingtang.

Cai Xiang is the oldest and highest-ranking poet in the Song Dynasty, so he is highly praised and respected by his contemporaries. The Biography of Cai Xiang in the History of the Song Dynasty said: "At the beginning, I wrote books, and Renzong especially loved them, and wrote the composition" Yuanjiu Longxi Looking North ". The book of life. " Su Shi, one of the four great thinkers, thinks that "Cai is the first in modern times" and that "Cai is the first in this dynasty because of his high talent, profound knowledge, corresponding heart and endless metamorphosis". (Collected Works of Mr. Huang in Zhang Yu, Volume 9. ) Huang Tingjian also believes that "He Cai is a hero of calligraphy".

Cai Xiang's truth, behavior, grass, and officials can all be refined. However, there are still different styles of calligraphy. Later generations commented on his calligraphy, "Running script is the best, followed by small letters, cursive script, and big characters, and it is not as good as others. The products are as white as flies, flying dragons and dancing phoenixes. People who know don't think too much. " ("Dongpo Tipo" Volume 4. ) His calligraphy strictly abides by the statutes of the Jin and Tang Dynasties, with ancient meaning and skill. Song said that he "concealed the statutes, stayed sharp and sharp, and shared with Song". ("Yan Xing". Yuan Yu thinks that he is the last person who can keep the ancient laws of the Song Dynasty: "Generally speaking, the books written by the Song people still have the meaning of the previous generation since Cai, and then they went downhill and went out of the valley, so they became popular, and the laws of the Wei and Jin Dynasties were exhausted." (Collection of Taoist Gardens). )

Cai Xiang's running script is changeable, and his running script works are eleven poems written by himself. The font size is inch, and the posture is graceful. It was written in letters at first, then it became cursive and finally it became grass. Although the whole volume has been changed, its style is natural, handsome and charming, quite like the wind of Lanting.

Cai Xiang's cursive script was deeply influenced by Yu Shinan in Tang Dynasty, and it was vigorous and beautiful. The work "Spring Post" is cadenced with a pen, smooth and round, and has the trend of flying dragons and dancing phoenix.

In terms of regular script, Cai Xiang has large, medium and small script. Influenced by Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan, his big block letters are dignified and magnificent. Zhou Jin Tang Ji was written by Ouyang Xiu and inscribed by Cai Xiang in regular script. The font of this tablet is simple and elegant, and its statutes are between Yan and Liu. Dong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, said: "Cai's calligraphy has existed since ancient times, and his" Zhou Jintang Ji "is a piece of paper. Those who choose it without losing the statutes are cut into pieces, which is called "patchwork pieces, so it is appropriate to get people." "Calligraphers in the Song Dynasty are generally no longer good at large-frame steles, while Cai Xiang is good at them, so it is commendable, and Zhou Jintang's story has become the best among steles in the Song Dynasty. Another work, The Story of Wan 'an Bridge, is also a large inscription with a diameter of five inches. The font is magnificent and magnificent. Cai Xiang's Chinese-written work "Xie Shushi" is rigorous, neither vigorous nor vigorous, with a stern look and a calm and dignified pen, which really has the charm of Jin and Tang Dynasties. Dong Qichang, a famous calligrapher in the Ming Dynasty, commented: "Cai's poetry talks about Han Changli's Song of the Stone Drum, Ouyang's calligraphy changed to Huadu Temple Monument, and Xu Jihai's Sanzang.

Monk tablet ",ancient calligraphy has no place, not only Mo Jun". Lower case is Cai Xiang's most vigorous and proud writing style, and his masterpiece Tea Story is his most proud work in his life. According to the Textual Research on the Records of Fu Tian and Ji Long, the book was written during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the book was emphasized in the first year of Zhiping, so several books were circulated in the Ming Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu commented on this book: "People who are good at writing are embarrassed by the real script, and the real script is embarrassed by the fine print ... Mo Jun's fine print is new and has been handed down. Preface to Ancient Records is free floating, while Tea Records is rigorous. Although the style is unique, it is extremely wonderful. Those who learn the most will make the essence. " Later generations also spoke highly of this work, believing that it had the style of Jin and Tang Dynasties: On Righteousness by Wang Xizhi, Xie Lun by Huang Tingjing and Yu Shinan, which are similar in structure to Yan Zhenqing, and can be handed down from generation to generation with the fine print Magu Mountain Xiantan.

Therefore, Cai Xiang's calligraphy abides by the statutes of the Jin and Tang Dynasties, and the ancient style is unique and unique. But the shortcomings are also obvious, that is, too confined to the law, little innovation, lack of personality. Among the four great poets in Song Dynasty, Su, Huang and Mi are the oldest and respected, but what they lack is the dignified, elegant, fresh and unique artistic charm of the other three. Cai Xiang, as a representative of calligraphers in the early Song Dynasty, inherited the golden style from far away and was closely related to it, which shook the decline of calligraphy in the early Song Dynasty and opened a heroic and solemn calligraphy tide in the Song Dynasty. His position in the history of calligraphy in Song Dynasty is beyond doubt.

Supplemented by the respondent: 2009- 1 1-27 23:55

Calligraphy, also known as "China Calligraphy", can be divided into "soft pen calligraphy" and "hard pen calligraphy", which is a unique traditional art in China. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters in China have been created by working people, and pictures have been used to record them. After thousands of years of development, it has evolved into today's writing. Because our ancestors invented the brush, calligraphy came into being. Throughout the ages, Chinese characters were mainly written with a brush. As for other writing forms, such as hard pen and finger book, their writing rules are not completely different from those of brush, but they are basically the same. Based on tracing the source (after Oracle bone inscriptions), this paper focuses on the law of writing Chinese characters with a brush. As long as we have a "narrow" understanding of calligraphy, it will be of great benefit to understand "broad" calligraphy.

Calligraphy in a narrow sense refers to the methods and laws of writing Chinese characters with a brush. Including writing, calligraphy, stippling, structure, layout (distribution, lines, composition) and so on. For example, the pen refers to the palm and the five fingers are Qi Li; The pen carrying center is unfolded; Stippling is the same as a pen; The structure is shaped by words and echoes each other; The distribution is intricate, the density is appropriate, and the virtual and the real are born together, and the whole chapter is full of gas fields; Every word is ancient for literacy, and every word is big and small, and high is not as good as low.

Calligraphy in a broad sense refers to the writing rules of language symbols. In other words, calligraphy refers to writing with its brushwork, structure and composition according to the characteristics and significance of words, making it a beautiful work of art. With the development of cultural undertakings, calligraphy is not limited to using brush and writing Chinese characters, but its connotation has greatly increased. For example, in the use of tools, there are many kinds of pens, such as writing brushes, hard pens, computer instruments, spray gun branding tools, daily tools and so on. Pigment is not only black ink block, but also ink, adhesive, chemicals, paint glaze and so on. In the past, Four Treasures of the Study-pen, ink, paper, inkstone, its meaning has also been greatly expanded, and there are many varieties, too numerous to mention; From the way of writing, some people write with their hands, others with their feet, and many people write with other organs. Some people don't even use pens at all, such as "pointing at books" and "squeezing books". In terms of writing style, it is not a kind of Chinese characters, and some minority languages have also entered the calligraphy art world, and Mongolian is an example; From the point of view of style and composition, in addition to the authentic traditional calligraphy school, there is also an "Yi" school in China, which is called modern calligraphy. Innovating on the basis of traditional calligraphy, highlighting the word "change", integrating poetry, calligraphy and painting, striving for the unity of form and content, and making the work a masterpiece of "beauty in meaning, beauty in sound and beauty in form". In Japan, many calligraphers abandoned the language of writing and established the "image" of writing, and the school of "ink image" came into being to write various writing images with the weight of the pen, the opening and closing of Ji Xu and the nib, and the change of writing posture. Although this school of calligraphy emphasizes "image" and its writing is novel, not all Chinese characters are "image", so its development is limited. All these (of course, not only these) can be seen that calligraphy, like other things, is constantly developing and changing. This point must be highly valued by people in the calligraphy field.

Ou Yangxun ~

Ou Yangxun (557-64 1), a native of Linxiang, Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan), is one of the four masters of regular script (Ou Yangxun, Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan and Zhao Mengfu). Dr. Taichang, the official of Sui Dynasty, was named Prince Geng Ling in Tang Dynasty, also known as "Ouyang Lvgeng". Together with the other three contemporaries (Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Xue Qi), they are called the four masters of the early Tang Dynasty. Because his son Ouyang Tong is also good at calligraphy, he is also called "Big Europe". Ou Yangxun is known as the first regular script in Tang Dynasty for his rigorous brushwork and precipitous brushwork. He and Yu Shinan were both famous for their calligraphy in the early Tang Dynasty, also known as "Ou Yu". Later generations saw danger in peace with their books, and Xi Zhi, the first one, was named "Ou Ti". [Edit this paragraph] European brushwork formula "92 method of shelf structure"

1, all the paintings that cover heaven and man are exposed at the bottom, and the rest of the strokes should be covered at the bottom. Such as: Yu, Zhou and Ding

2. The paintings of the ground branches are all supported on the top, and there are words of the bottom branches at the bottom, and the rest of the strokes should be supported on the top. Such as: support, Meng, Sheng.

3, let the left high and the right low, with the left half as the main word, the left high and the right low. For example: Ministry, youth, that is,

4. Let the person on the right stretch the words with the right half as the main body to the right and contract them to the left. The right side should be long and the left side should be short. Such as achievement, discussion and reading.

5. For a picture with a cross arm, the cross arm should be long, and the cross in the middle should be written longer; Hi, Wu He 'an.

6. There must be words in the vertical pen, and the middle vertical should be straight and not crooked. Such as: A, Ping, Gan, Wu.

7. The hook method should not be short, with the horizontal hook as the main pen, and there are many strokes in the enclosed part. The horizontal hook should be long and straight with square angles. Such as: Portugal, grape, Shu, Ge.

8. Hook method, not straight, short, inclined to the right, and folded corners should be adducted. Sentence, even, don't.

9. Draw short and long, and draw short and long; Such as Zuo, Zai, You and Long.

10, draw long and short, and draw horizontally; Such as: right, right, gray

1 1, draw short and straight characters horizontally, and the strokes should be lengthened. Such as: wood, Ben, Zhu

12, the drawing length is straight and short, it is appropriate to draw long characters vertically and short characters horizontally, and the pen skimming should be shortened to opposite points to echo each other. Such as music, collection

13, the horizontal length is straight and short. In a word, the horizontal length should be short, the horizontal length should be thin and hard, and the vertical length should be short and thick. Such as: ten, up, down, slide.

14, the word horizontal short is straight long, and the horizontal short is appropriate. Short and thick, standing upright. Such as: talent, fighting, richness, huh?

15, there are pictures above and below, and the characters with horizontal pictures above and below should be shorter and longer. Such as: leather, Zheng, and elegance.

16, the left and right are straight, and the words with vertical pictures on the left and right must be closed and extended, closed to the left and extended to the right. Such as purpose, self, cause and fixation.

17, left hand and right hand, should be left hand and right hand, left hand and right hand, should be left hand and short right hand. Such as Chuanyin, Sheng and Bang.

18, left straight right left, left vertical right left. The left vertical shaft should be closed and the right vertical shaft should be extended. Such as: Iraq, waste and repair

19, the person who answers the main points has to lean back a few points to change the word, and each point has a different direction to make it change. Such as: easy, late, and awkward.

20. For people who draw heavily, it is advisable to change characters with several horizontal or vertical paintings, and the length of each horizontal painting should be different, so as not to appear boring. Such as: 3. run

2 1, if it is even, the left and right sides should be composed of two equal parts, and the left and right sides should be even. Such as: Yan, Gu, Yan.

22, trinity, Chinese service consists of three parts, Chinese service is correct. Such as: Yu, Xie, Shu.

23. For the two paragraphs, the words composed of upper and lower parts are slightly increased or decreased, and the upper and lower parts are equally divided, with a slight change in the middle. Need and stay

24, Sanlian, the head and tail expansion room should still be composed of three parts evenly, and the head and tail expansion should be appropriate, highlighting the lead writer and coordinating and unifying. Such as: Zhang, Yi, Su and Tired.

25. The small print on the left should be aligned with the small print on the left, and the left stroke should be aligned with the top of the right stroke. Such as: breathing, breathing, peak, rigor.

26. The small print on the right is aligned with the small print on the lower right, and the strokes on the right are lower or even with the lower left. Such as harmony, knowledge and refinement.

27, the outer four stacks, the shape must be square, and the same strokes appear around the words, which should be neatly arranged and of the same size to form a surround. Such as noise, equipment

28. If there is a 40% discount inside, the words with a 40% discount inside should be arranged evenly and closely. Such as: cool, teeth

29, oblique, uneven, there is no momentum. Don't write flat, flat will lose momentum. Such as: seven, also, what, this

30, Pingle, impartial, no instrument, Pingle painting is not correct if it is written obliquely. Such as: Yun, Qu, He and Dan.

3 1, for the word of vertical si, the word of oblique si should be stored at the beginning and end, and the pen should be hidden in the front and closed in the back. Such as Zhang, rulers, history, and

32, vertical ge method, the most taboo weak body bending vertical ge word, the most taboo weak and bending. Such as: martial arts, success, or

33. The word horizontal hook is indomitable, and its horizontal hook should be curved and round, not slender and straight. Such as kindness, interest, necessity and ambition.

34. The extension hook holds the words on the lower bag with a vertical hook, and the vertical hook should extend to the right as far as possible to cover the closed part. Such as: encourage, promise, throw

35, the person who inherits is the word "person" you inherit, which should be in the middle. Heaven, father, foreign languages and literature

36, showing the trend of hook, retreat from the left and right structure of the word, when the vertical hook is on the left, it should be reduced to the right. Such as: pigeons, hui

37, horse teeth injection at 4: 30. The hook front of the horse tooth corresponds to four points. For words with four horizontal points, the hook tip of the horizontal point folding hook should point between two and three points. Like birds and horses.

38, flat on the word, it should be a flat word on the top, and its top should be consistent. Such as: teacher, bright, part-time, wild,

39. Flat the words below, and align the words below the strokes. Such as: Korea, past and present.

40. There must be several strokes that repeat strokes, and there must be contraction and extension. Such as talking, tea and millet.

4 1, overlapping, sometimes there are several tick characters, some want to provoke a tick, and some want to hide a pen. Such as: ban, forest, forest

42. If the hook is up and down, the lower hook is clear, the upper hook is dark, and the words "up and down hook" appear. The lower hook is obvious, and the upper hook should be hidden. Such as: Brother, Rou

43. When throwing a hook, the hook is extended and the word hook is used. The hook should be closed and the hook should be released. Such as; Guan, Kou and Zhai

44. People who occupy the upper position should listen to the words that the width mainly comes from the upper part, and make the upper part wider. Such as: omnipotent, complete and neat.

45. People who occupy a lower position should be allowed to widen the characters with the lower part as the main part, and the lower part should be wider. Such as table and in

46. For those who occupy the right side, the right side may be mainly filled with words, and the right side may be fuller. History, Teng and Jing

47, left-handed, not too big on the left, but a little bigger on the left. Such as Jing, Lian and Liu.

48, the left and right occupants, the middle should be dominated by left and right characters, and the middle should be small. Such as; Bi, Debate, Yan and Yang

49. The middle is occupied, the middle is occupied, and the middle is bigger. Such as: throwing, fan;

50, the upper and lower occupants should be small, and the middle should be small. Such as warblers and widows

5 1, the hook should be curved, round and powerful. Such as: wind, flight, air.

52. The writing of horizontal wrist, circle and vertical hook requires vertical hook to be round, round and handsome. Such as: first, see, yuan, Mao.

53. Vertical skimming is the worst way to avoid being like a mouse's tail. The end should be thin and weak. Such as; Palace, residence and ground floor

54. There are several left-handed words in the row of teeth. Don't write them as rows of teeth. The size should change. Such as: friends, harmony, opposition, skin.

55, three fold method, below the head, the upper left abdomen is connected with three fold characters, and the lower left should face the middle of the upper left in turn. Such as; Repair, ginseng, beard and shape

56. The three-point method means that the front end of the third point should correspond to the end of the first point. Such as: water control, water control, water control, flow control and sea control.

57. Divination should be straight and unbiased, opposite to the middle of the previous section. Divination should be written correctly, without deviation, relative to the middle of the previous section. Yes, that's enough. Go ahead.

58. Local words should be straight and unbiased, contrary to the lower left. The vertical in the old prefix is the center of the word. The earth characters should be written straight and unbiased, and aligned with the left vertical drawing in the next section. Such as: Zhejiang, Lao and Kao

59, complicated, complex structure, strewn at random have send words, to interspersed with corresponding concessions, but not disorderly. Such as complexity and fragrance

60. Careful people should arrange the words with close structure properly, so as not to appear crowded and messy. Such as: inheritance, entanglement

6 1, no rhyme when the needle is inserted. If the strokes of hanging needles are hanging down (such as dewdrops and circles at the end), they are not beautiful. Such as: cars, applications, porcelain, towels

62. When hanging the needle, it is powerless. If you hang up the needle, there is nothing you can do. Such as Zhuo and Dan

63. Although the body should be tilted and the center of the word should be tilted, it is necessary to accurately find the center of the folded picture and the left picture. Although the body is inclined, the center of the word should be positive. Such as: Yi, Nai, Mother, Force;

64, the form is self-correcting, and the bone strength must be strong. The font is positive, so it should be written with bone strength; Such as: Right, Lord, Ben and Wang.

65, the word book is thin, its shape should not be short, the word is thin, and the font should not be written too short. Such as: body, eyes, ears, shell;

66. If the words are short, the pen should be thick. If the words are short, they are written firmly. Such as: white, work, Sunday and Thursday.

67. Under the cover of laws, the left and right sides should be covered (referring to people) to make them symmetrical. Such as: encounter, cooperation, gold, life;

68. Go down with the trend, match the left and right, lie in the middle of the word, and the feet are flush and symmetrical. Such as: Qin, stingy, Ge, Gu

69, although fat is appropriate, but don't expand the word suitable for fat, but don't look bloated; Such as: earth, mountains, public, stop

70. Although it is appropriate to be thin, don't brush words with few strokes and long body length. The strokes should be appropriately bold and avoid being slender and weak. Such as: saving, saving, talent and divination.

7 1, words with sparse and rich strokes are fuller; Such as: up, down, thousand, small.

72, the secret strokes are wide, the strokes should be consistent with each other, and the white cloth should be uniform. Such as: win, ding

73, overlapping words, consuming triangular homographs, and using strokes should be changed. Not crowded or loose; Such as Jing, Lei, Sen, etc.

74. Accumulator, the clear words and strokes piled up from bottom to top should be arranged reasonably, and the expansion should be moderate, complicated and not chaotic. Such as: Mi, Zero, Mi

75. The bottom painting should be a little longer to bear the horizontal painting below the right vertical end, and a little longer to connect the right vertical end. Such as: mouth, day, field,

76. The tail hook should be dragged a little, which seems to have the possibility of dragging down the characters. The hook front of the vertical hook is slightly like a left flat, which seems to have the potential to carry the characters down. For example, the overlapping Chinese characters of Ding, Yu and Ting 77 are slightly larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, slightly larger at the top and slightly smaller at the bottom, close to the lower left. Such as: far away, returning, catching.

78. If you draw a long picture and a short picture, you should not use the long and short words on the right, and you should not use the long and short words on the right. Such as: arrow, deed, mo

79, the left vertical should not be too short, and the right vertical should not be too long. The left vertical is short, and the right vertical should not be long; Such as doing, lifting, rushing and walking.

80, the left vertical should not be too long, the right vertical should not be too short, the left vertical should not be too long, and the right vertical should not be too short. Minister, giant, good

8 1, the hook of the treasure cover, if the bird's chest is the hook of the wonderful treasure cover, should be written as a bird overlooking its chest; Such as: official, gas, slaughter,

82. A painting, such as a carved object, is a good compilation. The arranged strokes should be as exquisite as those carved by seiko. Such as: He, Gui and Yu.

83. It is said that the word "ooh" with one ear is allowed. The horizontal hook should be short, and the long vertical hook should hang down straight; Such as: printing, knocking at the door, but

84. According to the character of the city, the character of the right ear is slightly larger, and the long vertical should be a garter drop, straight and drooping. Such as suburbs, Zheng, and neighbors.

85. Judging from the mouth words, the words beside the left ear are accurate, the hook is slightly smaller, and the long vertical should be hanging down. Such as Osaka, Naoto Kan.

86, from the word "sunflower", this word is prefixed by Deng, stretching and stretching, feet flush, stretching and covering. Such as climbing, stools

87. According to the word "Sacrifice", this word prefixed with Sacrifice is straight and stretched, slightly higher on the left and slightly higher on the right, and unfolded under the cover; Such as: sacrifice, Cai, Cha.

88. The word conformity is accurate. The words at the bottom of the word are short on the top and vertical in the middle. gathering

89. From the words of the singer to the words of the singer, this shall prevail; Such as home, elephants and luxury goods.

90, the word next to the list is the word next to the list, which is the standard; Such as: benevolence, kindness, inferiority and interest.

9 1, double-sided permission for this word from "Mao", which shall prevail; Such as Xu, Xun, Xing and Heng.

92. Text with vertical hooks should be used as the standard. Such as: milk, chaos, color, bag [edit this paragraph] European masterpiece: "Jiuchenggong Liquan Ming" Tang Dynasty inscription. It was carved in Linyou (now Shaanxi) in 632 AD. Wei Zhi wrote, Ou Yangxun wrote.

Describe that Emperor Taizong discovered Liquan during his summer vacation in Jiucheng Palace. The brushwork is vigorous and graceful, and there is also proper limit. It is the ideological work of Ou Yangxun in his later years, and it has been highly praised by scholars.