Is there mud in the deepest seabed? What is the mud pressed into?

The technical term of seabed ooze is called deep-sea deposition. They are very loose and tiny particles, which are gradually transformed into semi-consolidated or consolidated sedimentary rocks after long-term geological action, that is, into stones.

What is the deepest seabed pressure?

The deepest place on the earth is the Mariana Trench, with a depth of11034m (Fizez Haiyuan), which can drown the world's highest peak, Mount Everest. According to common sense, every time the water depth drops 1 0m, an atmospheric pressure will increase, so the pressure at the bottom of Mariana Trench can reach about 1 100 atmospheric pressure (1 10Mpa), which is equivalent to bearing/kloc on an area of1cm2. Keep watching!

Composition and structure of sea mud

Generally, substances deposited on the seabed come from many sources, including terrestrial substances, that is, denudation products brought from the coastline, and then brought to the deep sea through ocean currents; Biomass includes marine debris, volcanic ash, volcanic mud and pyroclastic rocks. Chemical substances are mainly carbonate produced by complex physical and chemical reactions.

The environment of different depths in different sea areas also leads to different looseness and particle size of sea mud. Although this kind of sediment exerts great pressure on the seabed, it cannot be compacted by seawater because of its loose structure and tiny particles.

Anyone who has seen some documentaries may know that there are even some fish waiting to pass by in some loose sea mud.

Deep-sea exploration found new fish in the deep sea of more than 8000 meters. The reason why they can bear high pressure is mainly because their bodies are "loose" and their bodies are filled with liquid to make the internal and external pressures as consistent as possible, so that their bodies and trunks can bear less pressure.

Welcome to pay attention to us: scientific black hole!

Mud in the deep sea is still mud, just like mud on land.

Every time the seawater drops 10 meter, the pressure increases by one atmosphere. The deepest trench in the world is Mariner Sub-trench, with a depth of 1 1034m and a bottom pressure of1103 atmospheric pressure. This "great pressure" should crush everything that sinks to the bottom of the water. It's true that for those hollow objects, the pressure is so great, such as a light bulb, which will be directly pressed on the seabed! However, if it is an empty bottle, it will not be crushed! Why?

The answer is simple, because the empty bottle is open and seawater can enter it, so that the pressure inside and outside the bottle is balanced, and the pressure on both sides of the bottle wall is the same, so the bottle will not be crushed. Some people say, can the bottle wall withstand such great pressure? Of course, the answer is yes. The bottle wall is made of silicon dioxide. If you want to press silicon dioxide molecules closer, 1 103 atmospheric pressure is not enough! You know, the repulsion between molecules increases sharply with the shrinking of the giant force, unless it is like the pressure at the core of the earth, which may make the bottle wall shrink, deform and break obviously!

So is the mud on the seabed. The mud on the seabed is also composed of silicon dioxide, but the mud is particulate matter and very fine. This pressure can't obviously deform the mud at all, so the submarine mud, like the land mud, has not changed.

Of course, if the pressure is huge, just like the pressure in the center of the earth, then the mud will not melt under the pressure, but its volume will be obviously reduced and its density will increase. If the shape is irregular and the force is uneven, it may break or crystallize into other shapes again. Just like putting a lot of pressure on carbon, it can crystallize into diamonds.

A: Deep-sea mud is called deep-sea sediment, which is mainly composed of biological debris and abiotic sediments. Most of the soil is soft and delicate.

The deepest part of the earth's ocean is the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean, with a depth of11034m and a water pressure as high as 1060 atmospheric pressure, which is equivalent to bearing 1.2 tons per square centimeter.

Some people may wonder, with such a large seabed pressure, will the mud on the seabed be pressed tightly?

This understanding is wrong. The deep water pressure is indeed high, but the seabed soil is soft. The material composition of soil is very complex, including detritus, volcanic ash, mineral deposits, cosmic dust and so on.

The molecular level of these substances is not as dense as the atomic structure of steel, so the water molecules in the deep sea can easily immerse into the soil, so that the internal and external pressures of the soil are always consistent; Therefore, the seabed soil will not be compressed by water pressure, and deep-sea animals can easily get into the soil to avoid being preyed by natural enemies.

The ocean covers 7 1% of the earth's area, and thousands of tons of cosmic dust fall into the earth every year. Some of these dust come from the radiation particles of stars, and some come from the residue after supernova explosion, which contains a lot of heavy metal elements, such as uranium, thorium, gold, silver and lead.

Most of these substances will flow into the ocean, and due to their large proportion, these substances will gradually deposit on the seabed and be preserved in deep-sea silt; After hundreds of millions of years of accumulation, deep-sea ooze has become a special mineral resource, but it is also very difficult to mine.

Every year, a large number of substances are deposited on the seabed, and the soil at the bottom will become more and more dense, and sedimentary rocks will form after millions of years; If it contains a large number of animal and plant remains, it is possible to form fossil fuels such as coal and oil after hundreds of millions of years of evolution.

Is there mud in the deepest seabed? What is the mud pressed into?

This is a very confusing question. After all, the silt is so soft, and the deepest seabed is above 1000 atmospheric pressure. Even the roller we use to pave is far from reaching this pressure. Can you imagine that the bottom of Mariana Trench is flatter than asphalt? Could it be that way?

Photo of the bottom of the deepest trench, but in fact, even the soft mud still exists at the bottom of the Mariana trench. The only difference is that these seabed sediments can still be distinguished from land sediments in terms of mineral granularity, water content and pore system, but there is not much difference in the overall thinking when using the term ooze. In a word, it is mud or mud!

This is because the pressure inside and outside the open object is balanced. As long as the water pressure does not exceed the compressive strength of this material, then this material can basically keep its shape under the water (of course, you can calculate the deformation degree of the next cup at the bottom of Mariana Trench), but one thing is certain: an open cup will not break!

The mud on the seabed is mainly composed of silica, and its particles have extremely high compressive strength, and seawater can penetrate around them, so the pressure on these particles is balanced. As long as the water pressure does not exceed the ultimate compressive strength of these particles, silt will continue to exist on the seabed. Of course, the pressure on the seabed is not enough, but the pressure inside the earth is enough. Under extreme high pressure, the substance will change into another heart shape, and the changes of other substances are not obvious, but everyone is familiar with the process of carbon forming diamonds in the earth.

This is a typical example of stress changing the form of matter. Of course, the pressure on the earth is not enough for matter to polymerize to form another matter, because it requires not only enough pressure, but also high enough temperature, such as the core of a star. For example, the sun constantly converts hydrogen into helium, and then from helium into carbon and oxygen. However, with the ability of the sun, carbon and oxygen cannot continue, and carbon and oxygen white dwarfs will be formed in the future.

Of course, there will be mud on the deepest seabed. If there is no silt, what is on the seabed? There are some loose sediments on the seabed with a water depth of more than 2000 meters, which are deep-sea sediments.

Deep-sea sediments are mainly the products of biological and chemical processes, including materials from land, volcanoes and even the universe. Different sediments have different distributions. Calcareous ooze accounts for about 45.6% of the ocean area, and siliceous ooze accounts for about 10.9% of the ocean area. In addition, deep-sea sediments also include brown clay, authigenic sediments, volcanic sediments, turbidite sediments, glacial sediments and aeolian sediments.

Anyone who has studied junior high school physics may know that the water pressure on the seabed is terrible. For example, at the depth below 1 10,000 meters, the pressure reaches 100 MPa, which means that the water pressure per cubic centimeter is about 1 ton! If you put your foot out of the submersible at a depth of less than 10,000 meters, your foot will shatter in an instant. It's terrible to think about it. The pressure is really great. By rights, even the sand should be crushed. That was not the case.

Although the water pressure is terrible, whether an object can be crushed depends not only on the pressure, but on the pressure difference. In fact, in the deep seabed, stones can exist, and the reason why stones are not crushed is because they can be immersed in water. Once they are immersed in water, the water pressure inside and outside the stone is the same. Of course, the stone cannot be broken. We live in the atmosphere and the atmosphere is under pressure. This pressure is about 100KPa (atmospheric pressure is different at different altitudes), which is not a small number, and is equivalent to the water pressure below 10 meter water depth. If an adult's body surface area is 2 square meters, then he is exposed to about 20 tons of atmospheric pressure!

How can the human body stand such great pressure? The reason is that there is also atmosphere inside the human body, and the pressure difference between inside and outside is not big, so the human body will not be crushed by atmospheric pressure. At the bottom of the sea, mud is still mud, and stone is still stone, but if a hollow iron ball is thrown to the bottom of the sea, it will not necessarily break. The mud on the seabed will not be crushed, and of course it can't be very tight. Mud will not be pressed into dense boards, but it will be loose.

In fact, it is not only mud, but also creatures at the bottom of the deep sea. For example, some deep-sea fish, these fish should not live in such a deep seabed, but their internal pressure is also large enough, which is not much different from the external water pressure. Fish also get into the mud from time to time. The sedimentation rate of deep-sea sediments is very slow, generally 0. 1 ~ 10cm/ millennium, while the sedimentation rate of calcareous sediments is relatively fast, about 1 ~ 4cm/ millennium. The siliceous deposition rate is 0.1~ 2cm/millennium; The sedimentation rate of deep-sea clay is the lowest, less than 0. 1 ~ 0.4cm/ millennium.

Some people may not believe it, but you will believe it after the experiment. No matter how deep the water is, the answer is the same. Just like a person flying through a high-pressure belt at high altitude, the eardrum is uncomfortable, but people are normal on the ground, so why is the air pressure on the ground smaller than that in space? In fact, the water depth is the same principle. If someone can answer this question correctly, he must be a qualified astronomical scientist.

Of course, there is mud on the seabed. This mud has a technical term called deep-sea deposition! As for these deep-sea mud, will it be compressed? Let's have a good discussion.

In the previous answer, we talked about buoyancy, that is, whether the solid iron ball will be crushed! Of course, solid iron balls will not be squashed, because the density of iron balls is large enough and hard enough. But the mud is soft, does it mean that the mud will be compressed badly?

If you carefully observe man and nature, you will find that the seabed is not so hard, because many creatures hide in the mud to avoid or prey on prey. The answer is obvious. The silt at the bottom of the sea will not be compressed badly.

Why? In fact, the reason is very simple. The mud is not very dense. Unlike other substances, water is difficult to mix in. It is precisely because the silt is full of seawater that it will not be compressed at all! Some people say that the rocks on the seabed are evidence that silt is compressed, but in fact, the formation of rocks on the seabed is not due to the long-term accumulation of physical and chemical effects.

There is naturally silt on the seabed, but the silt structure is loose and full of water. No amount of ocean water pressure can crush the silt, but after a long period of physical and chemical action, the silt on the seabed can form rocks.

Silt refers to fine-grained soil deposited in still water and slow-flowing water environment and containing organic matter, which is composed of fine components such as dust particles and organic residues in the upper water body. Because the sea is deep and there are many kinds of creatures on the earth, there are different creatures at different depths from shallow sea to deep sea. Some of their dead residues are consumed by fish and other organisms, and the unconsumed parts sink to the bottom of the sea. At the same time, rivers will also carry a lot of organic or inorganic suspended solids, as well as fine dust and volcanic ash blown by the wind. After entering the ocean, part of it will sink to the bottom of the sea, and organic residues will gradually accumulate to form sludge.

Through the process of sludge formation, we can also know that the sludge is porous and loose, showing obvious cotton wool-like, and the particles are connected into a network, so it can play a certain filtering role. At the same time, due to this structural feature, the inside will be filled with water, and there will be no water pressure, so the compressed part of sludge is actually the fine particles that make up the sludge. Under the strong pressure of the deep sea, the fine composition structure of sludge will change slightly, but it is too fine after all. Sludge is rich in organic matter and can be a food source for some bottom cleaners.

Silt keeps piling up and the bottom is becoming more and more "porcelain solid". After complicated physical and chemical reactions, rocks finally formed. However, rocks formed under high pressure flow with seawater and are difficult to be compressed by seawater pressure.

Children are not fish, and we know the happiness of fish. We are on the ground, and people naturally have a way to exist in the deep sea. Of course, there are also soft mud and mollusks in the deep sea. People have lived there for generations and naturally adapted.

What you don't know is that a standard atmospheric pressure value is 100kPa, which is equivalent to one kilogram of force per square centimeter of skin. At first glance, my god! Aren't you going to be crushed to death? Are we having a bad time? It's okay to walk around and run.

The depth of the deep sea 10000 meters is equivalent to 1000 atmospheric pressure, which is equivalent to bearing a force of about 1 ton per square centimeter. We humans will definitely be crushed when we get there, but the creatures that originally lived there are different. Their internal and external pressures are balanced, and this is the environment in which they exist.

The mud in the deep sea is not only not squeezed quite hard, but also very soft. Don't take it for granted that water pressure is compression. Because the sediments in the deep sea are relatively loose, the pores between substances are relatively large and water can be filled, so they are all water. There is no pressure difference, so there is no pressure.

My humble opinion, do you have anything to add?

What will the mud on the deepest seabed look like? This question is somewhat similar to "the second time". Although the mud is in the deepest seabed, it is the same as our common sense.

Mud is mainly composed of solids, which are small particles composed of many solids. Press these small particles together, small particles or small particles. It's like breaking a cup in life. Unless an adhesive is used, it is impossible to bond the fragments together by pressure alone.

Second time around is a common natural phenomenon, which has nothing to do with the pressure of seawater. But when we press the fragments tightly together, there will be great friction between the fragments, and the pressure will not be released, as if the fragments are still a whole.

The mud on the seabed is still mud in essence, but the pressure of seawater produces great friction between mud particles, which is not as soft as mud on land and closer to solid.

However, this is temporary, as long as the time is long enough, the solid can also show the nature of liquid, and there are natural binders in the mud. Under the great pressure of seawater, the soil on the seabed will really stick together and become new rocks after millions of years.