Talk about the evidence of valuing literature over martial arts in Song Dynasty?

Daxing imperial examination and ci fu. There is less control over the army and less training.

When military attaché s at the same level see the civil servants salute, all the local money and food are in the hands of the civil servants, and they directly supervise the military commanders.

First, "attach importance to cultural education"

Knowing the truth that "the world should be ruled by horses", Song Taizu introduced a series of measures to respect literati. In the Song Dynasty, the imperial examination was vigorously developed, and the restriction of family status was completely abolished. Excellent children of all social classes are allowed to take the official examination. Fan Zhongyan, Li Gang, Yue Fei, Zong Ze, Wen Tianxiang and Lu Xiufu were all born in imperial examinations. Once these scholars from poor backgrounds are in the first place, they will be more loyal to the monarch and patriotic. The rulers of the Song Dynasty had great respect for the literati, and they were not allowed to kill the literati or write letters to them. The salary was extremely rich. Most people in the world call Song Dynasty scholar-bureaucrat politics.

Encouraged by a series of heavy-handed measures, the reading atmosphere began to prevail in the Song Dynasty. At the beginning of children's reading "Poetry of a prodigy" in the Song Dynasty, it was said that everything was inferior, and only reading was high. This policy greatly promoted the development of scientific and cultural undertakings such as astronomy, mathematics, medicine, gunpowder, compass, movable type printing and shipbuilding technology in the Song Dynasty, and made great contributions to the development of world science and technology. Literature and art have also developed to a new level, and many writers, painters and poets have appeared. The famous works and masterpieces of the Song Dynasty became the bright pearl in the world cultural treasure house.

Second, "light military"

The light military policy in the Northern Song Dynasty was embodied in its military leadership system, which divided the right to hold, adjust and unify the troops into three parts: the front, the guard horse army and the guard foot army. The three officials are separated in parallel, each holding the military power, but not the military power. The Privy Council has the power to mobilize troops. In this way, the mutual restriction of unified troop transfer rights was formed, and both of them were directly under the jurisdiction of the emperor. Guaranteed that the military power was subordinate to the emperor. At the same time, the army implements more defensive laws, so that the generals of the unified army can be transferred regularly and exchanged defense zones to prevent the generals from cultivating their own forces and forming small groups.

Although the policy of neglecting the army effectively prevented the generals from supporting themselves and consolidating the centralization, it also had a bad influence, and the enthusiasm of military attache was dealt a fatal blow, which seriously weakened the combat effectiveness and national defense strength of the army. Therefore, in the wars with Liao, Xixia and Jin, we were defeated repeatedly, so we had to bear the burden of humiliation and pay the price for peace. Even in the face of national disaster, the emperor's suspicion of military commanders was consistent, which led to Yue Fei's attempt to serve the country faithfully and was executed by the court on charges of "unwarranted".

The Song Dynasty valued literature over martial arts, so the economy and culture of the Song Dynasty were prosperous, but it was extremely weak and fragile militarily. But in fact, this situation of poverty and weakness in the Song Dynasty is the ideal state of long-term stability that the rulers of the Song Dynasty have learned from the lessons of the previous generation and strived to achieve. As future generations, we should look at all this objectively.

When Song Zhenzong was salty, Chen Yaozi was the top scholar and became famous for a while. Since then, his career has been quite smooth, and he has been transferred to the Ministry of Industry, Zhifengfu and Hanlin Bachelor for many times. According to records, not only his literary talent is outstanding, but also his archery is exquisite, so he is called "small" (Yang, a famous archer in the Spring and Autumn Period).

After the alliance of "Zen Temple", Song and Liao kept in touch, but after the envoys of Liao arrived in Kaifeng, they often despised Song Dynasty because they were good at riding and shooting. In order to save face, Zhenzong also intends to look for people who are "good at archery and beautiful in appearance" among civil servants to accompany each other to the shooting range. So, someone recommended Chen Yaozi.

Zhenzong intended to turn Chen into Wu Zhi, so he sent him a message saying, "If you are willing to change Wu, you will reward him with a festival sign (that is, our festival)." Reporter: Our envoy was the highest rank of a military commander at that time, and his salary was even higher than that of the prime minister. However, when he told his mother about it, Chen's mother was furious. While hitting her son with a stick, she angrily scolded, "Your policy comes first. Father and son are famous ministers of the article. You want to steal money and are ashamed to watch it. Hold your breath? " This matter has come to an end.

Song Renzong was slandered when he was a saint, because Chen Yaozi was at odds with the ruling minister. As a result, Chen was suddenly announced as Wu Zhi, a Suzhou secretariat who was almost equal to the original official position, and was transferred to Zhitian. This is obviously a move to exclude and relegate, which naturally causes strong dissatisfaction from Chen, who was born as the top scholar. The history book says: "Yao's advice is not correct, but the chapter is finally solid." Empress dowager Liu, who listened to politics, personally summoned and "urged" him to comfort him. Chen Yaozi was helpless and had to give in. After that, although he became an official, he eventually failed to enter the Chinese book like the Naishi brothers, and he could only die in the local government. It is worth noting that in his later years, Chen Yaozi was extremely grumpy. His so-called "rage" means waving a big stick at his subordinates at every turn. This is probably a manifestation of venting anger under extreme depression.

During Song Renzong's celebration, Dr. Zuo Si, scholar Fan Zhongyan of Longtuge, and civil servants Han Qi, Pang Ji and Wang Yan presided over the anti-summer war of Northwest Fourth Road. Perhaps in order to boost the army's morale, the Central Committee of the Song Dynasty suddenly ordered that the officers of four civilian generals, including Fan Zhongyan, be changed to Wu Zhi's observers at the same time. After receiving this appointment, Fan Zhongyan wrote to resolutely resign. He said to the emperor, "observation makes the class wait for the system, and the minister guards the border for several years." Qiang people are very close to the minister, calling him' Dragon Map Laozi'. Now I am retiring to associate with Wang Xing and Zhu Guan (both of whom are leading troops to observe generals), for fear of being despised by thieves. " History called his words "very incisive".

It can be seen that even Fan Zhongyan, who worries about the world first, is unwilling to serve as Wu Zhi, although he has the courage to direct operations. After Fan, Ponzi and Rebecca also made a firm statement on the stage, "refusing to worship".