What are the characteristics of dialects in old Beijing?

Talk about the swear words of Beijingers.

This problem is very complicated, so we have to break it up and crush it. In detail, it's deep here.

1. Beijing

If you ask Beijingers in Guangzhou, "Is the Summer Palace in Beijing?" Young people will tell you "The Summer Palace is in Beijing!" The old people said, "The Summer Palace is not in Beijing, but in Haidian."

Why is this? Because there used to be a city wall in Beijing, with a gate on it, two doors in the hole of the gate, and a thousand-pound gate. The city gate is open during the day and closed at night. When there is chaos in the war, it will fall down, so the city wall has become the dividing line between urban and rural areas. Inside the city wall is "Beijing", which belongs to Tianfu tube, and outside the city wall is "the countryside", which belongs to Zhili tube.

You got it? In the past, "Beijing" was a geographical concept and the abbreviation of "Beijing City". Now "Beijing" is an administrative concept, which is the abbreviation of "Beijing".

When the subway was built in the period of Govin, the city wall was demolished and changed into the second ring road, and the boundaries between urban and rural areas were blurred.

2. Beijingers

When two strange old Beijing men met, the more they talked, the more speculative they became. Suddenly A asked, "Where are you from?" B said, "I'm from Beijing. What about you? " A replied, "Our family is from Shanxi, and I was born in Beijing." B said, "My hometown is Shandong, but our family came early. My grandfather was born in Beijing." Beijing is an immigrant city. They all moved from other places to live. After several generations, they became Beijingers.

When I say "Beijingers", I mean people who were born in Beijing for three generations before 1980 and lived in hutongs for generations. Although they are less than one tenth of Beijing's population, they are representatives of Beijing culture. Because after several generations of blending and edification, they have completely lost their hometown culture and inherited the culture of Beijing.

After liberation, troops, organs, enterprises and institutions all built family compound in the suburbs, forming a group of "compound Beijingers". Because these people from all over the country only muddle along in the courtyard, they seldom come into contact with Beijingers in the hutongs, and they don't know much about Beijing's traditional culture, so they can't represent "Beijingers".

3. The first characteristic of Beijing scolding: no swearing, no parents.

At the foot of the son of heaven is a big officialdom, with numerous officials, large and small, and officialdom habits everywhere. Officials surround the emperor and the people surround the officials. Those who meet the requirements of officialdom will develop, while those who do not meet the needs of officialdom will decline. This is the only way to survive in this small universe of Beijing.

Officials also curse, but officials don't curse. If the servant says that his master scolded him, it is certain that the master will not scold him or take his mother with him. Maybe it's just a word "roll". How can a servant swear if the master doesn't swear? Afraid of infection, even swearing people dare not contact, swearing people can not find a "reason" (work). Therefore, "swearing without dirty words" is the first major feature of swearing in Beijing. The swear words spoken by Beijingers also include scolding, derogatory words, sarcasm and angry drinking.

When my family came to Beijing from Shandong at the beginning of liberation, I soon found that children in Beijing don't swear and swear without "parents". If any foreign child swears, Beijing children will not play with him. He should not only apologize and promise not to do it again, but also send some small gifts such as glass balls, foreign paintings or cigarette boxes to win people's forgiveness.

4. The second characteristic of swearing in Beijing: turn to swearing.

Beijingers never swear directly, but turn a corner and change their perspective. For example, "see if your home is cooked!" Or "your mother told you to go home for dinner, let's go!" Let's go Go! " Literally, this is not a curse anyway, but if you add a bored expression and wave your hand to let him "get out", you will know that this is calling his family a prostitute. Because there is a beggar, adults will find an excuse to send their children out to play, and he will bump into them when he comes home to see them.

Another example is "You are almost at the food market!" That is "you are not far from death!" Because the execution ground of Qing Dynasty was at Caishikou. The other side often retorts, "It's time for you to go to Xi 'an market"-that's the execution ground of the Ming Dynasty, where people were killed. If "it's time for you to go to Dahongmen", it's a pig to be slaughtered, because the slaughterhouse in Beijing is in Dahongmen.

5. The third feature of the Beijing curse: half a dirty word.

As the saying goes, "leave half a sentence on your lips", of course, you can't say all the swearing words. This kind of broken-tailed dragonfly makes people unable to guess the mystery.

I read a novel that year and said, "you uncle!" " It is the most serious swearing in Beijing, and it is often a prelude to a fight, and it is fanned up before the voice falls. I don't understand, so I went to ask Lao Zhang, the office clerk. Before he retired, he was a public security policeman. He has dealt with petty theft all his life and knows all about swearing.

He told me that "your uncle" means "I am your uncle". Is it a curse? Two people are talking.

For example, several old neighbors or colleagues sit together and chat, and a boy who needs to be beaten is naughty, which makes everyone hate him. At this time, an old man will stand up and pat his old voice to teach him: "Your father doesn't take care of you, I am your uncle, and I will take care of you for your father today." Of course not. It's just a bluff. He is a neighbor's uncle. He said, "I'm your uncle." How do you curse?

Later, when young people learned to speak, it was a bit mean to say "I am your uncle" among their peers, and it was a curse to really fight. Even if you beat and scold, your speech will be concise and concise, and finally it will be simplified into three words "you uncle!"

6. Conclusion

There is no obvious difference between swearing and joking in Beijing, and many words are between the ambiguity of "swearing". To judge whether to curse or not, first, it depends on the environment. At the dinner party where friends get together and push a cup for a change, they generally don't swear, nor do they scold strangers and new friends. Second, look at the context. If it's a narrative rather than a quarrel, you won't swear. Even swearing has nothing to do with all of you here, not necessarily swearing at anyone. The third is attitude. As long as it's not gas king kong, it won't curse.