Why did the Qin Dynasty set the capital in Xianyang?

1, Weihe ferry (east of Central Plains)

The east-west traffic avenue that runs through Guanzhong Plain was formed very early, even dating back to the Stone Age. It has always been along the Weihe River. Due to the terrain, this avenue takes Weibei in the west and Weinan in the east, that is, Xianyang has been the most important ferry in Guanzhong since ancient times, so-called "Xianyang Ancient Ferry".

I think this is the most important geographical advantage of Xianyang. Before that, other roads formed later often gathered here, which means something like Matthew effect. The significance of the East-West Avenue is that it can directly go east from Tongguan/Hanguguan and then compete for the Central Plains, which is undoubtedly the most important for Qin State, which is no longer satisfied with competing with Wei State.

2. Xiang Chu

From Guanzhong to Nanxiang Basin and Jingchu, the most convenient road is to cross the Qinling Mountains along Bashui and Danshui. This road meets the east-west avenue in the lower reaches of Bashui and is also very close to Xianyang. In order to unify the world, it is the most important thing for Qin to compete with Chu, which adds a lot of weight to moving the capital to Xianyang.

3. Consider Wei.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, the road out of Pujinguan along the north bank of Weihe River was gradually formed, and this road also passed through Xianyang, so it did not weaken in the battle against Wei.

4. South Air Bashu

Qin opened Hanzhong/Bashu as its important rear. Starting from Xianyang, you can cross the Qinling Mountains through the Meridian Pass and take the Meridian Road. In addition, there are many rivers and lakes around Xianyang in ancient times, so-called east, south and west, and later generations say that "eight waters surround Chang 'an", so it is not difficult to infer that it is rich in food. Moreover, the surrounding mountains and plains are also conducive to defense.

Extended data

The Qin Dynasty * * * moved the capital nine times, each time the political center moved eastward, confident in its own strength, and coveted the land of the eastern vassal States. From Xiqiao, the earliest, to Hu Yi, "From Tiger to Tiger" and Yongcheng, and then to Jingyang and Liyang.

Finally, Shang Yang suggested that Qin Xiaogong move to Xianyang. By the end of the Qin Dynasty in 206 BC, Xianyang was regarded as Qin Dou 144. In this almost a century and a half, Xianyang is actually a capital city with a city but no country.

Hundreds of miles of Qinchuan, the foundation of hegemony, is not just talk. Xianyang, the capital of Guanzhong area, has Hanguguan and Yellow River natural barrier in the east, Wuguan in the southeast, Sanguan in the west, Qinling in the south and Beishan system in the north. The situation is dangerous, easy to defend but difficult to attack.

Among them, the Hangu Pass could not be forced out by 10,000 people, but it was guarded by one person, and the six-nation allied forces attacked the State of Qin and stopped here many times. In other words, according to the Qin Dynasty, only Qin Jun took the initiative to beat others, and others could only look on in Hangu Pass.

If the Hangu Pass is broken, even if Xianyang fortification 10 feet high, it will only be an isolated city in the Guanzhong Plain, and it will not be captured for a long time. You can refer to the military situation of Chu Han, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu after they entered the customs.

Baidu encyclopedia-Xianyang