On Appreciation of China's Ancient Poetry

Summarizing the topics of reading and appreciating ancient poems in recent years is nothing more than the following aspects: analyzing language, thinking about pictures, experiencing feelings and distinguishing skills. In the process of appreciation, we should follow the following four steps from outside to inside to understand, read through and answer poems:

1. Language analysis

The examination of poetry language in the senior high school entrance examination is often reflected in the understanding of keywords and poetry.

Frequently asked questions: (1) What is the most vivid word in this couplet? Why? (2) In a word, it has always been praised. What do you think of it? What's the role? (3) Compared with a word, comments have advantages and disadvantages.

Prediction: Choose one of the following words to fill in the blanks. Which one would you choose? Jane said the reason.

Answer steps: (1) Explain the meaning of words in sentences. (2) Expand the association, put the words into the original sentence and describe the scene. (3) point out what kind of artistic conception the word sets off, or what kind of feelings it expresses. (4) For the third way, it is necessary to choose a word correctly and reveal its important role in a sentence (or work). (5) Predict the question, refer to the fourth step, but the difference is that it is based on the words selected by the candidates and can also be compared with other words to enhance the persuasiveness of the selected answers.

For example, in the 1 issue of poetry appreciation, can the "enemy" in the second sentence of this poem be replaced by "right" or other words? Please briefly explain the reasons.

End (1)

Li shangyin

In the distance, books are dreams, and only empty beds are enemies. Under the steps of moss mangroves, the moon is sad in the rain.

Note ① End residence: Idle residence. ② Pingqiu: synonymous with autumn.

Train of thought analysis: if the word "right" is used here, it is relatively steady and muddleheaded, but it only shows the loneliness and coldness of "empty bed" and "flat autumn", and tends to be objectively described. The word "enemy" not only contains the meaning of "right", but also conveys the unspeakable sadness that a person can't bear when sleeping in an empty bed.

Reference answer

Can't use "right" or other words instead (step 1). The word "enemy" not only highlights the lonely and cold atmosphere of "empty bed" and "plain autumn", but also shows that people who sleep alone in empty bed can't stand the desolation of "plain autumn" (step 2), expressing the unspeakable sadness in the poet's heart (step 3).

Thinking about pictures

Poetry appreciation is a kind of re-creation, and the main ways of re-creation are association and imagination, so this kind of problem is very common.

Frequently asked questions: (1) What kind of picture does this poem depict? What thoughts and feelings did the poet express? (2) What kind of artistic conception does this poem create?

Predictive questioning: according to a sentence in a poem or a word in a sentence, develop a reasonable imagination and draw a picture in literary language.

Answer step: (1) Describe the picture shown in the poem. (2) Summarize the characteristics of the atmosphere created by the scenery. Generally, two disyllabic words can be used, such as lonely and cold, quiet and beautiful, magnificent and bleak. (3) Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings. Remember to be empty and give a specific answer. For example, it is not enough to just answer "expressing the author's sentimental feelings", but also answer why he is "sentimental". (4) For the prediction questions, we should grasp the expansion points (key verses or words), make clear the hierarchical order of picture expansion, choose appropriate figures of speech and express them in plain language.

For example, the first question asks: What kind of picture does the phrase "A few flowers are crying red" in Shangcheng show? Did the author write this sentence to cherish spring? Why?

Nankezi

Yan Wang

The mountains are dark and the weather is cold and rainy. Several branches were bright and wet, and they were red with tears. Don't feel sorry for the east wind.

The hat faces outwards and ditches are everywhere. Hard work is a problem concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. Get a plow and look forward to a good year.

(Note) ① Agriculture, countryside and farmers: refer to spring ploughing, summer sowing and autumn harvest.

Train of thought analysis: The first film focuses on the beautiful scenery of the countryside. The first three sentences describe such a scene: the clouds are dense, the mountains are dark, and it rains in Mao Mao. The water vapor on the flowers gathered into crystal drops, like a tearful girl. Very vividly depicts a quiet and beautiful pastoral scenery.

Reference answer (1) A few pictures of flowers with water droplets on their petals (step 1). The author did not write this sentence to Xi Chun (step 2). It can be seen from two aspects: first, the author followed the sentence of "counting branches" and said, "Don't be sad about the flowers"; Second, when dark clouds are gathering and cold rain is coming, the author is more concerned about "getting enough water and looking forward to a bumper harvest year." (Step 3)

Experience and feel

A poem, from the choice of words and sentences to the creation of pictures, from the choice of objects and images to the integration of feelings into the scenery, is deeply branded with the author's emotions. Therefore, when reading a poem, we should understand the author's thoughts and feelings in combination with the author's understanding and writing background. The following are the common feelings of ancient poetry, which I hope students will pay attention to:

(1) Emotional tone: infatuation, sadness, bitterness, melancholy, loneliness, sadness, loneliness, boredom, calmness, leisure, joy, admiration, anger, persistence, moral integrity, concern for the country and the people, depression, depression, cheerfulness, humor and dullness.

(2) Common themes: worrying about the country and the people, cherishing the past and hurting the present, despising the powerful, being cynical, lacking talents, caring for mountains and rivers, retiring from the countryside, climbing mountains and enjoying victory, missing friends and homesickness, homesickness for relatives, knowing each other and loving each other, and leaving sorrow without hatred.

(3) Different feelings of different types of poems: frontier poems-the desire to make contributions, the passion to serve the motherland, the homesickness of scholars and their hatred for their wives at home, the hardships of life beyond the Great Wall and the cruelty of years of war, the dissatisfaction with the emperor's territorial expansion and the amazing scenery different from the Central Plains; Poems on current affairs-The ancients often wrote poems on current affairs, which were born out of a little truth and expressed their feelings, such as caring for their loved ones, seeing friends off, homesickness, giving people away, feeling about life, and carefree feelings. It is a common phenomenon that the ancients praised things and gave them poetry: or they used poetry to express their pain of being disqualified and being relegated to a lower position; Or feel angry that they can't serve the country and are not valued by power; Or show off your feelings of parting, things are different; Or describe his fate, loneliness and helplessness.

Frequently asked questions: (1) What is the emotional tone of this poem? (2) What kind of thoughts and feelings does this poem (or a word, a word or a sentence in the poem) contain? (3) Some people say that this poem expresses A's feelings, while others say that it expresses B's feelings. Please talk about your views in combination with the whole poem. Or which statement do you think is more reasonable? )

Prediction question: please summarize or refine the feelings in the poem by yourself. (It is an innovative and open question type, which encourages students to be bold and innovative, instead of following others' advice. )

Answer steps: (1) Look at the whole poem, experience it carefully, and consider it carefully in combination with the tone listed above. (2) Find out the key words with strong feelings from the poems and talk about what emotions are expressed. (3) How or how to express emotions. (4) How does this emotion help to express the theme? (5) For forecasting, please refer to steps 1, 2 and 3. Don't confine yourself to your own opinions. Just make a little analysis and justify yourself on the basis of facts.

For example, the second question in the appreciation of ancient poetry: Please use the whole song to briefly analyze the thoughts and feelings contained in "But the original peasant lives near Nautilus Island".

4. Discrimination skills

Students review the skills listed in the preparation materials (including common artistic techniques, expressive techniques, structural methods, rhetorical methods, etc. ) should be studied as a key point one by one.

Frequently asked questions: (1) What kind of expression is used in this poem? (2) How do poets express their feelings? (3) What effect does the poet use to express the theme?

Predictive question: Try to analyze the function of a skill in this work or how a skill is used in this poem. Please give a brief evaluation.

Answer steps: (1) Grasp the whole, grasp the typical, mention the rest slightly, and point out exactly what technique is used. (2) Explain why this technique (expressive technique, expressive technique, rhetorical technique) is used in combination with poetry. (3) This technique effectively conveys the poet's feelings.

For example, the second question in the part of poetry appreciation asks: What skills does the author mainly use when expressing his feelings? Please elaborate in whole words.

Liu Zaoqing? Send Lu Meipo.

Liu Guo

Pan-chrysanthemum (1) cup deep, blowing plum (2) angle far, all in the capital. Gather and disperse in a hurry, lonely geese by the clouds, duckweeds on the water.

How can we teach people not to get hurt? Feel a few degrees, the soul flies and dreams are shocked. After dark, I miss you, the dust goes with the horse, and the moon sails.

Precautions ① Pan-chrysanthemum: Drink chrysanthemum wine. 2 blowing plum blossoms: hitting plum blossoms.

Train of thought analysis: "gather and disperse in a hurry, lonely geese chase clouds, duckweed on the water." Here, the author uses two metaphors to illustrate that after their separation, they are like lonely geese on the edge of a cloud, deeply suffering from the loss of their partners; Another example is duckweed on the water, drifting around. These two words set each other off into interest, sad and touching. Compared with Liu Yong's Yulinling, "I miss it, and thousands of miles away, Twilight is heavy and wide." Although the realm is not as good as it is, it is even more sad.

◎ Reference answers mainly use metaphors. (Step 1) The first part expresses the pain of parting with the metaphor of "a lonely goose on the edge of a cloud and a duckweed on the water", and the second part expresses the feeling of missing with the metaphor of "the dust goes with the horse and the moon sails". (Step 2) (Step

Click on the example

[main palace] order

a certain person

When the boat crosses the stream path, the water in front of it is as clear as jade. Castle peak blocks the red dust road and white clouds are everywhere. They say I can't find my brother with you, but I can't find my brother. I used to live in Parrot Island.

Note ① Agriculture: I ② Nautilus Island: This is synonymous with "Fisherman's Residence".

Analysis of train of thought: The song depicts a secluded and extremely clear world, such as green hills and white clouds, flowing water in front of the door and canoe trails. Between the lines, there is a feeling of seclusion beyond things. In writing, vaguely around the circle, first create its territory, which makes people have a strong sense of inquiry. The sentence quotes the well-known "fisherman" of Nautilus Island to point out the meaning.

Reference answer ① points out that the environment in which the fisherman (hermit) lives is a "paradise" isolated from the world and far away from the world of mortals, which shows his love and pride in his environment; (Step 1) (2) Write about the detachment and seclusion of fishermen (hermits). (Step 2)

Typical test questions

Spring outing in Qiantang Lake

Bai Juyi

From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake. Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.

Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe. I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.

Three Poems of Youchun in Fengle Pavilion (Ⅰ)

Ouyang Xiu

Trees are mixed with mountains and birds are singing, the breeze is rippling, and flowers are falling and dancing. Birds are singing and dancing, so drunk that they won't wake up tomorrow, and spring is back.

1 1.( 1) Both poems are about spring scenery, but the time periods are different. Bai Juyi wrote about the scenery at that time, while Ouyang Xiu wrote about the scenery at that time. (2 points)

(2) Besides personification, what other rhetorical devices are there in the three or four sentences of Ouyang Xiu's poems? What are the performance effects of the two techniques? On poetry. (4 points)

Rhetoric: personification, (1 min) Expression effect: (3 points)

Reference answer

1 1.( 1) Early spring (or "early spring") and late spring (or "late spring" and "Ji Chun") (2) Rhetoric: exaggeration. Expression effect: the poet uses anthropomorphic techniques to write birds and flowers, which vividly shows the charm and vitality of spring; Exaggerated, wine awakens spring, laments its brevity, and implies the poet's strong intention to cherish spring (or "implies the poet's nostalgia for spring").