Lesson 16 of Volume 2 for Grade 7 Find out the descriptions of scenery in social operas and talk about their benefits

About the time to watch social opera

"She Opera" writes: "Our custom in Lu Town is that if a married daughter is not yet the head of the family, she will be married in the summer. Most of the time, I went back to my mother's house to spend the summer. Although my grandmother was still healthy at that time, my mother had already shared some of the housework, so she couldn't go back to the province for many days in the summer. I had to take time to stay for a few days after sweeping the tomb. At that time, I lived with my mother at my grandmother's house every year." He also said that the reason why Zhao Zhuang wanted to act was, "I think it was the Spring Festival, a social opera." The text notes said: Spring Festival is "spring." Games held”. Based on this, most people believe that the time to watch social operas is in spring. Actually, this is not accurate. The time to watch social operas should be in early summer. There are three reasons for this:

First, it is said in "She Opera" that I went to my grandmother's house "after sweeping the grave." So, when is the tomb sweeping in Shaoxing, Zhejiang? According to "Yue Proverbs·Customs Department", there are three tomb sacrifices in the countryside. "Visiting the tomb"; the second is "going to the tomb, that is, sweeping the tomb. Before and after the Qingming Dynasty, large-scale boat feasts, drums and music are prepared. Boys, daughters and grandchildren go to the tomb with all their families, and the family members of recent generations help pay homage to the tomb, which is called the tomb market"; the third is "sending cold clothes, ten There are only a few people named Yue Ji Tomb. "Fan Xiaofeng, the author of "Yue Proverbs", also known as Bian Zhouzi, was from Huangfuzhuang near Shaoxing City. Lu Xun's maternal grandfather, Lu Qingxuan, moved to Huangfuzhuang after winning the imperial examination and rented Fan Xiaofeng's house. His words are trustworthy. According to Zhou Zuoren's recollection: "The rules of the Zhou family tomb ceremony are that only men can go to pay homage to the tomb and send cold clothes." And "the scale of visiting the tomb during the Qingming Festival is much larger. Not only do women go with them, but also because there are three offerings. There are some old pomps." Analyzing the above materials together, there is no doubt that the tomb-sweeping mentioned in "She Opera" refers to visiting the tombs during the Qingming Festival. According to "Qing Jia Lu Volume 3" written by Gu Tieqing, the so-called Tomb-Sweeping Day visit does not only refer to the day of Qingming Festival, but "from the day before Qingming to the beginning of summer." So, the "after the tomb sweeping" mentioned in the novel should of course be in early summer.

Secondly, judging from the natural scenery described in "She Opera", it is also in early summer. "Green fields of beans and wheat", "luohan beans in full bloom", these broad beans, known as "luohan beans", are overwintering plants in eastern Zhejiang. They only begin to bear fruit after the Qingming Festival and can only be harvested in summer. The time when you can peel and cook it is of course early summer. In addition, the novel also writes that the family members of rich people who watch social operas "mostly come to the stage to eat cakes, fruits and melon seeds." Of course, fruits are only available in summer.

Thirdly, Zhou Zuoren clearly wrote in "Characters in Lu Xun's Novels·Local Opera": "This article (referring to "She Opera" - the author's note) said: 'I did not think of them at that time. Why do we have to perform every year? Now I think, it may be the spring competition, it is a social opera. 'This is the explanation of the title, but in fact this kind of performance is mostly in the summer."

Based on the above reasons, see. The time for social opera should be in early summer, not in spring.

1. Overall understanding

The full text of "She Opera" originally consists of two parts, the front and back, and the text is excerpted from the latter part. It describes the author's past events of watching social operas when he was a child, and expresses his appreciation for the beautiful life of childhood. Memories and nostalgia.

Childhood is a happy and beautiful experience for many people and an unforgettable experience. When I recall the past as an adult, I have a romantic feeling for the people and things at that time. The author of this article creates the image of a group of simple and lovely rural children, such as Shuangxi, Afa, Guisheng, etc. These little friends are smart, lively, bold, careful, enthusiastic and friendly. "I" couldn't see the play, "they all sighed and expressed sympathy"; when the boat was sailing, "the younger ones sat with me in the cabin, and the older ones gathered at the stern" just in case; when watching the play, Guisheng diligently Buy soy milk and scoop water for "me"; on the way home, Ah Fa suggested to "steal" his own beans because "ours are much bigger". These are all outstanding manifestations of their innocent childlike innocence.

Shuangxi is the "smartest" among the friends. He is like the little leader of the friends, and his personality is also the most outstanding: he is as careful as hair, smart and smart, and it is no fun to be "I" , when "I feel anxious to cry", Shuangxi can immediately come up with "good ideas", and can give reasons that "grandmother and mother also believe"; Tietou Laosheng does not do somersaults at night, "I" is very disappointed, Shuangxi uses "Who is willing to show his skills to Bai Di" to comfort "me", showing the kindness and consideration of a big brother; he can make up his mind, and when the old lady sings endlessly and everyone is tired of it but it is difficult to say back, he can make up his mind. It was he who suggested going home; on the way back, everyone stole the beans from Ah Fa's house, and after the double happiness, he advised everyone to "steal more, and Ah Fa's mother will cry if she finds out", which shows that he is good at thinking about others.

The description of the scenery in this article is very distinctive. The author uses freehand brushwork to depict the scenes of sailing on a moonlit night, watching a show on the bow, and returning home at midnight from aspects such as color, smell, and sound. The scenes blend together and are full of water town characteristics. The color is like the "green" of beans and wheat, the "light black" of distant mountains, the "brightness" of moonlight, the "red" of fishing fires and lights, and the "white" of ships; the smell is like the "fresh fragrance" of beans, wheat and water plants; the sound is like Such as the "gurgling" sound of the boat, the laughter of the children, and the "melodious" sound of the transverse flute, all aspects are written concisely, cleanly, and vividly. The author also uses various metaphors, personification and other techniques, such as showing the speed of the ship and using distant mountains to set it off, "the dark undulating mountains, like the backbone of an active iron beast, all run far away to the stern of the ship." Gone"; directly describes the ship, "The ship is like a big white fish jumping in the waves carrying a group of children on its back", turning static into movement and enhancing the effect of scene description.

2. Problem Research

1. Why does the author say that Pingqiao Village is "a paradise for me"?

A village with simple folk customs, for a feudal family For children who grow up in middle school and are bound by various rules, it is indeed a paradise of happiness and freedom. As a guest, the author "gets preferential treatment here", and the shrimps he catches "are mine to eat as usual". The friends take care of "me" in every possible way. This kind of friendship and care is vividly displayed in the section "Watching the Social Opera" ; Here "I" can avoid reading those outdated and useless scriptures, and there are not so many rules to follow. Even if I "beat the grandfather", "no one in the whole village will come up with the word 'offend'" .

2. What is the image of Father-in-law on June 1st?

Father-in-law on June 1st is the image of a simple villager. When Father-in-Law Liuyi complained about the children stealing his beans, he just blamed them for "reluctance to pick them properly and damaged a lot of them." When he heard that the beans were picked for a treat, he immediately said, "This is what it should be." He was not a stingy person. ; Later, he personally delivered the beans, showing his warm and hospitable character. "I" praised him and "actually felt very grateful", which reflected his honest and kind-hearted nature as a farmer. As for his compliments about "I", "I've read books", "I will definitely get the top prize in the future", etc., it's just like today's praise of a child who is smart and will definitely be admitted to a good university in the future. There are also opinions that although Father-in-law Liuyi is a good person, he has the limitations of a farmer. His praise of "I" shows that he was deeply influenced by feudal ethics, which was inevitable at the time.

3. Why did "I" feel that the play I saw that night was the best play in my life, and the beans I ate that night were the best beans in my life?

Looking at the full text, the key to why "I" miss the play I saw that night and the beans I ate that night is not only the play and eating the beans themselves, but also the relationship between "I" and Hepingqiao Village. The children participated in the whole process of watching the theater and eating beans together. What "I" missed was not only the good theater and the good beans, but also the simple, sincere, harmonious and close interpersonal relationships in Pingqiao Village.

Exercise instructions

1. The end of the text says: "Really, until now, I have never eaten as good beans as that night, and I no longer see It was like a good show that night. "How should we understand this ending? Do you have such an experience in life?

This question is intended to let students understand the author's thoughts and feelings expressed in the article.

In fact, the show that night made people "yawn" and "mutter curses" while watching it. The beans that night tasted really normal the next day.

The so-called "good beans like that night" and "good plays like that night" represent the author's beautiful memories of innocent, free and interesting childhood, full of a romantic ideal color, expressing the desire and pursuit of the ideal state of life.

2. Sailing on a summer night and returning home on a moonlit night are both very exciting in terms of scene description and narrative. What did I see, hear, and feel during the summer night cruise to heighten "my" urgent mood? How is "my" mood different when sailing home on a moonlit night than when I go to the theater?

This question is intended to make "my" anxious. Students understand the writing characteristics of this article's blend of scenarios.

What you see: The moonlight is dim in this water vapor. The dark undulating mountains, like the backbone of an eager iron beast, all ran far away to the stern of the ship. ... Gradually I saw Zhaozhuang vaguely, ... there were still a few fires, ...

What I heard: And I seemed to hear a song being played, ... the sound was probably a transverse flute, melodious and melodious ...

Returning under the Moon writes an interesting story about friends going to "steal" mango beans. When I went there, "I" was in a very anxious mood and always "thought the boat was slow." But at this time, "I" and my friends were stealing and eating beans, and we were in a very happy mood.

3. Think about the following words and answer the questions in brackets.

1. My heavy heart suddenly relaxed, and my body seemed to be stretched to an indescribable size.

(What kind of mood does “relaxation” and “stretch” express?)

2. The dark undulating mountains are like eager iron beasts. Like ridges, they all ran far away to the stern of the ship.

(Why is the mountain said to be "exciting"?)

3. Looking back at the stage in the light of the lights, it feels as if it is the first time it has arrived, and it is as misty as a fairy mountain pavilion. , completely covered by red clouds.

(What kind of mood does "looking back" express? What kind of situation does "cover" express?)

4. Unexpectedly, Mr. Liu Yi became very grateful and He raised his thumb and said proudly...

(Why is Mr. Sixty-one still "grateful" after someone stole the beans?)

1. "Relaxation" and "Stretch" "It is in sharp contrast to the previous article where I was frustrated because I couldn't watch the show, and it expresses "my" happy and light mood.

2. Use the verb "to eagerly" to write about the mountains, bringing the still life to life. The meaning of this word is different from what it is now. The author creatively gives this word a new meaning here.

3. The word "looking back" expresses the mood of "I" Yiyi. "Cover" visually expresses the dreamlike scene on the stage, echoing the scene.

4. Because "I" who have studied in the city praised his beans. It shows the honest and kind character of Father Liu Yi.

Parts of "Social Opera"

The first part (1-3): Pingqiao Village "is a paradise for me"

The second part (4-30) ): The whole process of going to Zhaozhuang to watch a social opera

Part Three (31-40): Returning late at night after watching a social opera

The central idea of ??"Social Opera"

"Social Opera" shows "I" an innocent and childlike cultural life experience in the Jiangnan water town through the description of "I" and my teenage friends sailing on a summer night, watching a theater on the bow, and returning home under the moon. It depicts the image of a group of farm boys and expresses the beautiful virtues of simplicity, kindness, friendship and selflessness of the working people.

After-class translation of "She Opera"

① Selected from the first volume of "The Complete Works of Lu Xun", People's Literature Publishing House, 1981 edition. There are abridgements. "She" originally refers to the earth god or earth temple. In Shaoxing, she is a regional name, and she opera is the "annual opera" performed every year in the community. ② Eliminate and get rid of the summer heat and escape the summer heat. ③ Return to the province (xǐng) means that a married daughter returns to her natal home to visit her parents. ④ A place of peace and happiness. ⑤ The first two sentences of "The Book of Songs·Sigan" in Zhizhi Sigan Youyou Nanshan. It means the gurgling mountain stream (chánchán) and the far-reaching Nanshan Mountain. Zhizhi, the look of water flowing. Si, this. Qian, mountain stream. Faint and profound. In the old days, children always read difficult books such as "The Book of Songs" when they went to school. ⑥ row (háng) generation ranking and seniority. ⑦ The great-grandfather’s name for the great-grandfather’s generation. ⑧To offend an elder or someone with a higher status than yourself. ⑨ Dàn (dàn) fear, fear.

⑩ Higher animal means becoming a higher animal. (11) Spring games are held in the spring. In the old folk custom, on festivals or the birthdays of gods, ceremonial guards, gongs, drums, operas, etc. were prepared to welcome the statues of the gods out of the temple, and they would tour the streets or villages, which was called "Saihui". (12) Ships refer to wooden ships that sail passengers with certain frequency between towns and villages. (13) Talking over and over again. (14) Yi is a third-person pronoun, often used to refer to women in articles from the May Fourth period. (15) Etiquette and etiquette. (16) Encourage (cuānduo) to encourage people to do something from the side. (17) Writing a guarantee is also called a guarantee, which means that you are absolutely sure about something. "Guarantee" is something like a guarantee. (18) Really true. (19) Fu (fú) swims in water. (20) A good swimmer is a person who understands the nature of water and is good at swimming and maneuvering a boat. Get on the tide and play in the waves. (21) Oar (lǔ) A tool used to move water at the stern of a ship to move the ship forward. It is larger than an oar. (22) Vaguely. (23) Fishing fires are lights at fishing spots at night. (24) Wandering, melodious here describes the twists and turns, harmony, and beauty of the flute sound. (25) Lose yourself (listen to ecstasy) and forget yourself. (26) Diffuse, diffuse and dissipate. (27) Algae and water plants. (28) A small river channel connecting the port and the big river. (29) Shen Shen is a Shed set up for the gods during performances. (30) A Wupeng boat is a "Wupeng boat", and its awning is painted with black oil. (31) A black man with a long beard. An actor painted black and wearing a long beard. (32) The nickname of the actor Tietou Laosheng. Laosheng, a role played by a middle-aged man or above in opera, here refers to Wu Laosheng who can sing and play. (33) Somersault. (34) The role of a young woman in Xiaodan opera. (35) Empty land. (36) The role of a young man in Xiaosheng opera. (37) The role of a funny character in a clown opera. (38) One fold and one out. (39) The role of an elderly woman in Lao Dan opera. (40) The chair here refers to a chair with a larger backrest. (41) Piaomiao is usually written as "父琶" or "misty", which is vague, if there is nothing. (42) Night fishing Night fishing. (43) Luohan beans and broad beans. (44) Exuberant (xiàng) lush. (45) pinch (cuō) pinch something finely divided with your fingers. (46) Chinese tallow tree (jiù) is also called "tallow tree". It is a deciduous tree whose seeds can be used to extract oil, which is used as raw material for soaps and candles. (47) I feel sleepy and want to sleep very much. (48) Xiangwu is almost noon. (49) 棹(zhào) rowing. (50) 楫 (jí) oar. (51) The aunt’s family calls the married girl “aunt”. This refers to "my" mother.