Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet

In order to ensure the orderly progress of work or things, it is often necessary to prepare plans in advance. A plan is a written plan, which is the detailed rules and steps of specific actions. So how do we write the plan? The following is the 10 Chinese pinyin scheme I compiled for you, for reference only. Let's have a look.

Chinese phonetic alphabet1i.

Note: The writing of letters follows the general writing habits of Latin letters.

Second, the initial list

Third, the vowel table

The vowels of the words "Zhi, Fu, Shi, Ri, Zi and Si" are all I, that is, the words "Zhi, Fu, Shi, Ri, Zi, Ci and Si" are spelled as "Zhi, Chi and Shi".

⑵ Vowel ㄦ is written as er when it is used alone, and R when it is used at the end. ..

(3) When there is no initial in front of the vowel in line I, it is written as yi (clothes), y ι (ah), ye (yeah), y ι o (waist), you (worry), y ι n (smoke), yin (cause) and y ι n π (center).

When there is no vowel before the vowel in line U, it is written as wu (Wu), w\u (Frog), wo (Wo), w\u I (crooked), wei (Wei), w\u n (curved), wen (warm) and Wang.

When there is no initial before the vowel in line V, it is written as yv (roundabout), yve (approximate), yvɑn (unjust) and yven (dizzy).

Fourth, tone symbols.

Tone symbols are marked on the main vowels of syllables. Don't underestimate. For example:

Teaching objectives of the second part of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme

Can correctly read the syllables composed of g k h and single vowels, and continue to learn pinyin methods.

Teaching focus

Students practice spelling syllables by themselves.

Teaching difficulties

Learn how to spell.

training/teaching aid

Wall chart.

teaching process

First, review the letters and pinyin you have learned.

[Student activities]

1. Students can read letters.

2. students use jingles to distinguish b from d g.

3. Spell syllables:

General Koch

[Teacher activities]

1. Disturb the order and let the students read the letter.

2. guide the difference between b and d g.

Second, learn to spell syllables.

[Student activities]

1. Students observe pinyin. What are the similarities and differences between syllables? (as distinguished from initials and finals)

2. Students practice spelling syllables freely according to the teacher's method.

3. Spell the following syllables freely according to the above method.

Please spell the syllables, and the rest of the students will follow.

5. Practice various forms of syllable spelling.

[Teacher activities]

1, display syllable:

General Koch

Goo goo hoo

2, the teacher to guide spelling:

Set the mouth shape of initials and pronounce finals.

3, individual guidance:

If the students can't spell it, the teacher can guide the spelling.

Third, consolidate the practice.

[Student activities]

1. Students can spell syllables freely.

2. Talk about spelling.

3. Choose your favorite syllable to spell.

4. Students choose syllables to read.

5. Students at the same table read aloud to each other.

[Teacher activities]

1, division patrol guidance.

2. The teacher pays attention to pronunciation.

Chinese Pinyin Scheme Part III I. Education and Teaching Field

The Chinese Pinyin Scheme provides a good phonetic recording and learning tool for Chinese characters and Putonghua, and plays an important role in literacy, reading, writing and learning Putonghua. Chinese teaching in primary education is to let primary school students learn common Chinese characters and learn Chinese. The number of Chinese characters is huge, the physical structure is complex, and there are many strokes, which are difficult to learn, recognize, write and remember. Pinyin letters can accurately phonetic Chinese characters in Mandarin, with only 26 letters. Pinyin letters are much more convenient to learn, identify, write and remember than two or three thousand Chinese characters. It will be easier for primary school students to learn and master Chinese Pinyin before learning Chinese characters and Mandarin. Practice has proved that Chinese education in primary schools can rapidly improve students' Chinese proficiency through the teaching of Chinese Pinyin. Similarly, Chinese Pinyin, as a literacy tool, has a good effect on eliminating illiteracy. Hanyu Pinyin is also an important auxiliary tool to help domestic minority compatriots and foreigners learn Chinese characters.

Second, the field of press and publication.

Pinyin is added to the title of the book cover, and the primary reading materials are written in Chinese Pinyin or in contrast with Chinese characters. Some primary school books and literacy books are marked with Chinese Pinyin matching Chinese characters, which is suitable for the reading needs of readers with primary school education and can get twice the result with half the effort to improve their cultural level.

Thirdly, classification and retrieval.

Some corpora, databases, reference books, book archives, place name cards and people lists are all sorted or indexed in Chinese Pinyin, which is convenient for retrieval. Reference books, lists, information cards and book catalogues are also sorted in Chinese Pinyin more and more.

4. Place name, unit name, trademark name, building name, etc. They are all spelled in Chinese Pinyin.

In international communication, Chinese Pinyin has become the international standard for spelling names, places and Chinese characters in China. Widely used in industry and commerce, transportation, post and telecommunications, communications and many other fields.

Five, Chinese information processing

Chinese Pinyin is an effective tool for Chinese information processing. In the aspect of Chinese written information processing, Chinese Pinyin input method is a common Chinese input method for computers and mobile phones in China. In speech information processing, Chinese Pinyin is suitable for the required speech expression, so it is widely used in computer input, word processing, automatic conversion, machine translation and so on.

Six, the use of computer network language

Some special words are used in BBS and online chat of network language. Although special words are only used by specific people, the influence of their existence and development on popular language can not be ignored.

Chinese Pinyin Scheme Part IV I. Teaching Ideas

Chinese Pinyin, as a crutch for literacy and learning Mandarin, is an important part of the first book of Chinese in primary schools after entering school. However, its boredom always brings many learning difficulties to children who have just entered school. Because we are influenced by dialect areas, the pronunciation of nasal sounds before and after is the most difficult, so the teaching of nasal sounds is also a difficult point in the whole pinyin teaching. Based on the above understanding, I made the following thoughts:

1, how to turn boring teaching into interesting learning?

Since it is a small class teaching, how can it be for all students?

3. How to explain pronunciation skills scientifically, reasonably and vividly?

4. How do lively first-year children grasp the rhythm of classroom teaching?

After several thoughts, I intend to take the following teaching measures:

1. Use teachers' vivid body language (especially gestures and eyes) and simple schematic diagrams to arouse students' senses and stimulate students' interest in learning.

2. Use various forms of reading to expand the training area, and use various interesting games to make students forget their fatigue in the competition and devote themselves to learning enthusiastically.

3. Consult phonetics books, try to explain pronunciation skills in a scientific, reasonable and simple way, and arrange links in a gradient way to make students easy to learn.

4, can read and write, reading and writing should be synchronized. Try to set aside time for writing in class.

Second, the teaching process:

(A) contact with old knowledge to solve difficulties

1. Today, let's meet some new friends. What are their names? Show angengingong

2. Look carefully, what do you find? (Students may say: ○ Ang is preceded by anenin, which we have learned before. ○ Behind Anning Palace is ng. ) The teacher randomly presents -ng

3, teach-ng pronunciation:

-ng and -n are nasal sounds. -n is the front nasal sound, -ng is the back nasal sound. (Students read "Post-nasal sound" twice. What did you find when you watched the teacher pronounce the front nasal sound and the back nasal sound twice? Students may say: one mouth is closed and the other is open. ○ Pronunciation is longer and shorter. ○ Pronunciation is louder and lighter. ) The teacher drew a sketch.

4. Distinguish the nasal sounds before and after:

Teachers pronounce and students distinguish.

The teacher makes the mouth shape and the students distinguish it.

The teacher gestures and the students practice.

How to make children learn postnasal vowels scientifically and interestingly in a short time? Teachers let students compare the similarity of vowels in the retronasal sounds first, which is helpful to cultivate students' observation ability. Then, let the students observe the teacher's pronunciation, compare the differences of nasal sounds before and after, fully mobilize the students' vision and hearing, and cultivate their keen perception of language. Finally, the teacher's vivid gestures and sketches made the children easily and happily master the recognition of posterior nasal sounds. Students are the main body of learning, so we should cherish students' thirst for knowledge and let them learn through discovery. All the skills of teachers should take into account the needs of students. Because this enthusiasm for active learning is more effective than any clever teaching. Facts have proved that my design is feasible. In class, students are eager to try, try their best to imitate, correct their voices seriously, and have a high enthusiasm for learning.

(2) Explain the main points and distinguish the new sounds.

1, the teacher said: the rear nasal vowel is the same as the front nasal vowel, as long as the single vowel and nasal vowel are connected quickly.

2. The teacher demonstrated reading Angie Golden Rooster several times.

3. (Read by roll call, read by train, read by boys and girls, read by groups, read by the whole class) Practice reading nasal vowels in various forms.

4. Comparative reading: an-angen-engin ing (the teacher uses his thumb and four fingers to separate and close to remind students to read)

5. Consolidate nasal vowels:

(1) synthetic game

For example, "I'm A (a student), I'm ng (another student), and we're ang (two students say it together). They are Ang (the student under the stage said Qi). "

(2) Quick guessing game

Name four people and stand face to face. The teacher shows a vowel behind the nose and the students read it correctly and fluently. Students who read correctly and quickly take a step forward, and the first person to go to the other party's original position is the winner.

Games are children's favorite activities. Making good use of games can inject a lot of fresh blood into teaching. The composition game allows children to further clarify the composition of postnasal vowels and strengthen the quasi-confirmation reading of postnasal vowels. The quick guessing game allows children to further identify the four nasal vowels and consolidate the pronunciation of the nasal vowels. Training is timely and targeted, and students learn effectively and interestingly.

(3) Various forms and many spellings.

1. Learn to pronounce the syllable "English" as a whole.

Q: Whose good friend is it? The teacher put the cards under the students' answers.

Guess what it says? Yes, it is also a complete syllable.

Do you have any good ways to remember it?

Look at the picture and connect.

2. Test children: ianguanguengiong

3. How many levels can I pass after reading 38 pages? Let the students spell the syllables in the book and master them flexibly. )

4, when the little teacher is reading.

5. Look at the picture and add syllables.

(d) Correct posture and practice writing.

1. Teachers demonstrate writing

2. Students should keep their posture straight and practice writing. (Accompanied by melodious guzheng music)

3. Teachers patrol to remind students to pay attention to: look at a syllable and write a syllable; The vowels behind the nose should be connected with the letters in the syllables.

The lower grade is an enlightenment stage in the whole primary school Chinese teaching, and it is the beginning of learning culture, which has the characteristics of laying a foundation. Writing is the continuation and deepening of literacy. Every time students write a word, write its shape and read its pronunciation, it can not only consolidate the teaching of font, but also promote the review of meaning. In view of the basic mistakes in writing posture and writing methods of new school children, effective control and correct guidance are very beneficial to develop good writing habits. Elegant guzheng music creates a harmonious and relaxed writing environment, which enables students to quickly enter the realm and cultivate their temperament.

Third, after-school speech

1, teaching needs teachers' input 12 points of enthusiasm. Only enthusiasm can inspire enthusiasm.

2. Teaching should be carefully prepared and well thought out. With the answer, you will be comfortable.

Teaching is like a piece of music, which needs a beautiful rhythm. Only in the ever-changing rhythm can we feel the beauty of fun.

4. Teaching is heart-to-heart communication. Only in a harmonious and relaxed atmosphere can teachers and students talk on an equal footing and the classroom be full of vitality.

Chinese Pinyin Scheme Chapter 5 I. Alphabet

Letter name A A B B B C D E E E E G H H H I 5599 D D D D E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E F F E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E, for example, for example, for example.

Second, the initial list

Bpmfdtnlgkhㄅ doesn't care about slopes, Buddha, Nale, brother, family and jqxzhchshrzcsㄐ.

Third, the vowel table

I

Yi u

(10) Excellent

Yuyi a

Ah, the internal affairs department

Union University

The frog.

Oh, uo

Sadness e

Yi yi

ㄧㄝㄝㄝ Yei

On AI

Aiai

I don't think so, Al.

ㄟㄟ uei

Wei ao

ㄠㄠ ao

Yao ou

Ouiou

Worry about ann

Ann Ian

(7) Cigarette rolls

ㄨ Na Yi; one

unequal

Enin

Because of uen.

ㄨㄣ Temperature ≤ n

Oh, my God, Ann.

I don't know, I don't know, Liang

ㄧㄤ ㄤ ㄤ ㄤ ㄤ ㄤ ㄤ

Wang ying

Constant voweling

ㄧㄥ Ying 'ang

ㄨㄥ Weng Weng

ㄨㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ ㄙ 12

forever

The vowels of 1, Zhi, Chi, Shi, Sun, Zi, Female and Si are I.

2. vowel ㄦ is written as er, and it is written as r when it is used as the ending of rhyme.

3. When the vowel ㄝ is used alone, it is written as ㄝ.

4. When there is no vowel before vowel in line I, it is written as clothing (clothing), elegance (elegance), leaf (yeah), waist (waist), especially (worry), smoke (smoke), yin (cause), yang (middle), English (English) and forever (and). When there is no vowel before the vowel in line U, it is written as wu (Wu), wa (Frog), wo (Wo), wai (crooked), wei (Wei), wan (curved), wen (Wen), wang (Wang) and weng (Weng). When vowels in line ü are spelled with initials J, Q and X, they are written as Ju (Ju), Qu (Qu) and Xu (Xu), and the above two points are also omitted; But when spelled with the initials L and N, it is still written as lü (Lu) and nü (female).

5. when 5.iou, uei and uen are added with initials, they are written as iu, ui and un, such as Niu, Gui and Lun.

Fourth, tone symbols.

The horizontal tone rises above the horizontal tone and falls below the horizontal tone.

Tone symbols are marked on the main vowels of syllables. Don't underestimate.

For example:

Mom, mā ma, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m, m.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) sound insulation symbol

When syllables starting with a, o and e are connected after other syllables, if the boundaries of syllables are confused, they should be separated by sound insulation symbols, such as pi' m÷o (fur coat).

Part VI of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme 1. Examination time: 20xx65438+February 65438+September 9th at noon.

Second, the testing personnel:

Z is responsible for testing Z (class 1)

Z is in charge of Z (Class 1 and Class 2)

Z is in charge of Z (Class One, Class Three)

Third, the test content:

1. Pronunciation of initials and finals (***20, each 1 min);

2. Read syllables, tone syllables and disyllabic words as a whole (***40 syllables, each syllable 1 min);

3. Read the sentence (* * * 40,65438+0 for each syllable);

The perfect score is 100. Special attention should be paid to the correctness of students' pronunciation during the test, such as: whether the front and rear nasal sounds, flat tongue sounds and light tone pronunciations are standard; Sentences should be fluent and don't read broken sentences. During the test, one point will be deducted for each mistake.

Star standard:

Five-star: can correctly read each pinyin, read sentences fluently, do not read broken sentences, and have a loud voice

Four stars: Pinyin error rate less than 5, fluent in reading sentences, unbroken in sentences and loud in voice.

Samsung: The pinyin error rate is within 6 to 15. Read sentences correctly.

Two stars: the pinyin error rate is within 16 to 25, so read the sentence correctly.

One star: the pinyin error rate is above 25.

Chinese Pinyin Scheme Chapter 7 Learning Objectives:

1 can read the correct pronunciation, recognize the shape and write correctly.

2. Spell syllables and monosyllables with "d t n l" and read the syllables with tones according to the pictures.

Key points of study:.

1, I can distinguish the shapes of "D" and "B", and the shapes of "F" and "T".

I can learn the pronunciation of "n, l" and the spelling of "n" l and vowels.

Knowledge link: Yesterday we went to the Pinyin Kingdom and met four friends of the initials family. Do you remember who they are? Read the card "b p m f" These four letters have become our old friends. Can we meet four new initial friends today?

Preview task:

1.What's the difference between D-B and f- t?

2. What does the d t n l look like in life?

Autonomy, cooperation and exploration;

(a) first use the stroke red:

(B) initials and monosyllabic pronunciation learning

Practice in groups of four: roll call reading, teacher reading, train reading, etc.

Chinese Pinyin Scheme Chapter 8 I. Alphabet

Letter: Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg

Name: ㄚㄅㄝㄘㄝㄝㄜㄝ

Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn

ㄏㄚ ㄧ ㄐㄧㄝ ㄎㄝ ㄝㄌ ㄝㄇ ㄋㄝ

Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt

ㄛ ㄆㄝ ㄑㄧㄡ ㄚㄦ ㄝㄙ ㄊㄝ

Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

ㄨㄝㄨㄚㄒㄧㄧㄚㄝ

V is only used to spell loanwords, minority languages and dialects. The writing of letters follows the general writing habits of Latin letters.

1, the name sound of letters:

Letter: Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg

Name: A B C D E F G

Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn

I love you

Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt

Oh, my God, my God.

Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz

Uwa Shia Ze

A o e i u is a vowel letter, which is originally pronounced loudly, and the rest are consonants, but the pronunciation is not loud. Just put the vowel AI before or after this sound, it will be loud and convenient for teaching. When reading name sounds, you must use the flat tone of Mandarin. It should be emphasized that name sounds are used to address letters, not pinyin.

2. The alphabet has three functions:

First of all, according to the international common order, the arrangement order of Chinese pinyin is stipulated;

Secondly, the style of Chinese phonetic alphabet is stipulated;

Third, specify the name of each Chinese phonetic alphabet.

Second, the initial list

BP

Don't worry, don't worry, don't worry.

China Daily

I don't know what to do, but I don't know what to do.

zh ch sh r z c s

Knowing poetry, knowing the sun, knowing the capital and thinking.

Chinese Pinyin Scheme 9 1, and the alphabet specifies the letter style, letter order and letter names of the scheme.

The scheme uses the most commonly used Latin letters in the world, including 26 letters from A to Z * * * (where V is only used to spell loanwords, minority languages and dialects), which are divided into uppercase and lowercase styles (printed and handwritten, etc.). Alphabetical order is the order followed by the world. The letter name gives the name of the Chinese phonetic alphabet. Vowel letters use their own pronunciation as their names, and consonants often spell an "er (pronounced Mi or ei)" after or before the letters. For example, the letter name of "A B C D E F G" is "AB C D E F G" and so on. Since the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" stipulates the name sound of Chinese Pinyin letters, we should speak according to the name sound. Nowadays, people often use English letter names to refer to Chinese phonetic letters, which should be corrected.

2. Consonant List * * * lists 2 1 consonants in the Putonghua phonetic system.

They are: B, P, M, F, D, T, N, L, G, K, H, J, Q, X, zh, ch, sh, R, Z, C, S. In fact, there is another situation in the phonetic system of Putonghua, that is, vowels become syllables independently, such as: ān (An), (. , which is called "zero initial" in Putonghua pronunciation. There are zero initials, 2 1 consonants, and there are actually 22 initials in the Putonghua phonetic system.

3. Vowel table

Lines A, I, U and U (represented by the columns in the table) * * * list 35 vowels in the Putonghua phonetic system. In addition, there are four vowels in Putonghua: one is the vowel -i (pre) in syllables such as zο (zi), cí (porcelain) and Si (iv); Second, the vowel-I (after) in the syllables such as zhǐ (only), chí (holding), shī (poem) and Ri (day); The third is the single vowel er (er, er, second class); The fourth type is monophonic Mi (see "Mi is a monophonic vowel, why not include it in the vowel list of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme"? A question). The specific usage of these four vowels is explained in the scheme after the vowel list, so some people call them "off-list vowels". There are 39 vowels in the Putonghua phonetic system.

4. Tone symbols

The standard tone symbols of four tone categories in Putonghua phonetic system, namely, flat tone, rising tone, falling tone, and the usage methods of these symbols are specified. At the same time, it is stipulated that light syllables should not be marked with key signature.

The initial consonant list, vowel list and tone symbols reflect the basic components and systems of Putonghua with Beijing pronunciation as the standard sound.

5, sound insulation symbol

(') Used to separate syllables, for example, "Scheme" should be written as Fang An to avoid being mistaken for "disgust" Fang An, "xi An" should be written as An to avoid being mistaken for "Xi 'an" and so on.

The Chinese Pinyin Scheme 10 Alphabet stipulates the letter style, letter order and letter name of the scheme. The scheme uses the most commonly used Latin letters in the world, including 26 letters from A to Z * * * (where V is only used to spell loanwords, minority languages and dialects), which are divided into uppercase and lowercase styles (printed and handwritten, etc.). Alphabetical order is the order followed by the world. The letter name gives the name of the Chinese phonetic alphabet. Vowel letters use their own pronunciation as their names, and consonants often spell an "er (pronounced Mi or ei)" after or before the letters. For example, "One

The letter name of "BCDEFG" is "abêcêdêeêfgê" and so on. Since the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" stipulates the name sound of Chinese Pinyin letters, we should speak according to the name sound. Nowadays, people often use English letter names to refer to Chinese phonetic letters, which should be corrected.

The consonant table * * * lists 2 1 consonants in the Putonghua phonetic system, namely: B, P, M, F, D, T, N, L, G, K, H, J, Q, X, zh, ch, sh, R, Z, C, S. , which is called "zero initial" in Putonghua pronunciation. There are zero initials, 2 1 consonants, and there are actually 22 initials in the Putonghua phonetic system.

The vowel table is divided into line A, line I, line U and line U (represented by the columns in the table) * * * lists 35 vowels in the Putonghua phonetic system. In addition, there are four vowels in Putonghua: one is the vowel -i (pre) in syllables such as zο (zi), cí (porcelain) and Si (iv); Second, the vowel-I (after) in the syllables such as zhǐ (only), chí (holding), shī (poem) and Ri (day); The third is the single vowel er (er, er, second class); The fourth type is monophonic Mi (see "Mi is a monophonic vowel, why not include it in the vowel list of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme"? A question). The specific usage of these four vowels is explained in the scheme after the vowel list, so some people call them "off-list vowels". There are 39 vowels in the Putonghua phonetic system.

Tone symbols specify tone symbols of four tone categories in Putonghua phonetic system-flat tone, rising tone, rising tone and falling tone, and their usage. At the same time, it is stipulated that light syllables should not be marked with key signature.

The initial consonant list, vowel list and tone symbols reflect the basic components and systems of Putonghua with Beijing pronunciation as the standard sound.

The soundproof symbol (') is used to separate syllables. For example, the "plan" should be written as Fang An, so as not to be mistaken for "disgust" Fang An, and "xi An" should be written as An, so as not to be mistaken for "Xi 'an".