Northern Shaanxi Yangko, tell me about it.

(Changli Yangko, Millet Yangko, Jiaozhou Yangko, Haiyang Yangko, Northern Shaanxi Yangko, Fushun Yangko)

Time: 2006

Category: folk dance

Region: Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong, Shaanxi

Yangko is a representative folk dance popular in China (mainly in the north), and its appellation and style are different in different regions. In the folk, there are two names for yangko: those who walk on stilts are called "Yangko on stilts" and those who don't walk on stilts are called "Tuyangko". The so-called "yangko" in modern times refers to "local yangko". Yangge has a long history. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a record of "Village Dengaku" in the folk dance team carefully introduced by The Legend of Wulin. Wu Xilin's New Year's Miscellaneous Chants in Qing Dynasty clearly recorded the original relationship between the existing yangko and the "Dengaku" in Song Dynasty. At present, the yangko team is the main form all over the country. The number of dance teams varies from a dozen to hundreds, and there are many forms of performance, such as group dance, duet and threesome. According to the needs of the role, they hold corresponding handkerchiefs, umbrellas, sticks, drums, money whips and other props, and dance with percussion instruments such as gongs, drums and suona. The dance methods, movements and styles of yangko vary from place to place, some are magnificent, some are feminine and each has its own merits.

Yangko is one of the most representative folk dances in the north of China, which has both performance and entertainment, and is deeply loved by ordinary people. There are some representative folk yangko artists all over the country, and many folk artists have played an important role in the dance construction of New China. With the rapid development of rural economy and the change of cultural environment, there are fewer and fewer folk artists who can master the traditional yangko skills and pure dance style, so the protection and inheritance work needs to be carried out urgently.

Yangko Changli Yangko

Reporting area or unit: Changli County, Hebei Province

Changli Yangko is one of the most representative folk dances in Hebei Province, which is distributed in Changli, Lulong, Funing, Laoting and Luanxian in Hebei Province. It first appeared in the Yuan Dynasty and has been passed down to this day.

Changli Yangko has a distinct personality from form to content. In form, it can be divided into street yangko and field yangko. In terms of content, except Pingyangzi, which has no fixed plot, most of them are produced by yangko. Changli Yangko can be divided into "girl", "ugly girl" and "son", and its performances are different. At the beginning of Changli Yangko, all walks of life were performed by men. The "tassel hat" worn by clowns in local yangko is influenced by Mongolian culture in terms of role, structure and costume, and developed from Mongolian costumes. Changli Yangko is closely related to local folk songs, dances and operas, with lively forms and rich contents. It presents the artistic characteristics of role and professionalism, which can deeply express the character and emotion of the characters and express the action intention of the characters in a rich and delicate way, which is very prominent in folk dance. The famous yangko operas in Changli Yangko include Flying Butterfly, Saw Cylinder, Wang Erxiao Catching Feet, Silly Pillar Receiving Daughter-in-law, Running Donkey and so on. The dance of Changli Yangko emphasizes the coordination of all parts of the body, and the shoulders, hips, knees and wrists are flexible and humorous. Zhou School represented by famous folk artist Zhou, Zhang School represented by Zhang Qian, Lu School represented by Lu, etc. Each has its own charm, as we all know. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Changli Yangko program "Running Donkey" participated in the World Youth Students' Festival and won the silver prize. From 65438 to 0996, Changli County was named "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture.

Changlidi Yangko is a kind of yangko form which embodies farmers' interest in life and has a distinctive and unique dance style. It reflects some characteristics of agricultural society and rural life and the optimistic and humorous spirit of farmers. However, due to the rapid development of social economy and the aging of artists, the inheritance of Changli Yangko is facing a severe situation and needs urgent rescue and protection.

Yangge Guzi Yangge

Reporting area or unit: Shanghe County, Shandong Province

Millet Yangko is one of the three major Yangko in Shandong Province, which is distributed in the Shanghe area of Lubei Plain in Shandong Province today. Drum yangko originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, became in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. According to famous local artists, during the Northern Song Dynasty, the Shanghe area suffered from famine year after year. Bao Gong came here from Henan to transport food to help the victims, and his subordinates taught drums and yangko to the locals. Later, during the Spring Festival, people ran yangko to express their gratitude to Bao Gong, which has been passed down to this day and has become a custom.

Drum yangko is very popular among the people of Shanghe, from the elderly to children. 2 1 township and over 800 villages in the county can organize yangko teams. Yangko team has five roles: umbrella head, drum, wooden stick, wax flower and clown, with different performance styles and unique charm. The existing drum yangko is mainly divided into two parts: "walking" and "running" "Walking" is the dance before the dance team moves or enters the field; Running field is the main body of performance, which is divided into "literary field" and "martial field" according to different roles. The number of performances of the drum yangko is very rich, including more than 100 kinds such as "Niu Nose Clip", "Gouxinmei", "One Street and Two Gates", "Six Six Dashun", "Four Waiba", "Eight Streets" and "Four Doors Fight". "Umbrella head" is round, "drum" is rough and bold, "mallet" is light and smart, and "wax flower" is bold and generous, while jerking, circling, squatting and jumping are the * * * actions of each character.

Drum Yangko has many actors, well-organized, complete form, strong dancing skills and great momentum, which has profound historical and cultural connotations, rich flavor of the times and distinctive local characteristics. After the founding of New China, Guzi Yangko participated in the national folk art competition for many times and won numerous awards. 65438-0996 Shanghe County was awarded the title of "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture. The inheritance and development of drum yangko enriches the cultural life of the masses and inherits the excellent culture of the Chinese nation, which has high aesthetic value and research value.

Yangge Jiaozhou Yangge

Reporting area or unit: jiaozhou city, Shandong Province

Jiaozhou yangko is one of the three major yangko in Shandong Province, also known as "Diyangko", "Dayangko", "Jumping Yangko", "Broken Waist" and "Three Bends", which is popular in Dongxiaotun Village, jiaozhou city City, Shandong Province. Jiaozhou Yangko originated in Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty. According to the Song Lyrics of Yangko in Qing Dynasty, the dance movements, business names and costume props of Jiaozhou Yangko at that time were basically the same as now.

Jiaozhou Yangko has the roles of plasterer, Cui Hua, fan girl, small, wooden stick, drum, etc. The basic movements mainly include "Cui Hua Twist Three Steps", "Fan Skimming", "Small Twist", "Big Flower" and "Ugly Drum Eight States", etc. The performance procedure includes three parts: prologue, running field and small play. In Jiaozhou Yangko, women's dance moves are like willows swaying in the wind, full of toughness and beautiful curves, represented by "twisting the waist" and "three bends"; The action of "wooden stick" is light, crisp and free and easy; The action of "drum" is "eight ugly drums", which has a peculiar charm. Its music consists of percussion, suona and folk tunes. There are 72 original dramas of Xiaoxi Yangko, with 135. Jiaozhou has 100 yangko teams. After the founding of New China, the relevant personnel have excavated and sorted out Jiaozhou Yangko seven times, and it has been listed as one of the dance teaching materials in China. 65438-0996 Xiaotun Village was awarded the title of "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture.

Jiaozhou Yangko originated in rural areas, is active among the people, and is constantly changing in its development. It is a kind of square folk art with spontaneous participation, free venting and self-entertainment. It shows the unique bodybuilding posture and emotional charm of rural women in Jiaodong, and has high aesthetic value and artistic research value.

Yangge Haiyang Yangge

Reporting area or unit: Haiyang City, Shandong Province

Haiyang Yangko is one of the three largest yangko in Shandong Province, and it is a part of folk social fire. It is popular in Haiyang City on the south wing of Shandong Peninsula and the coast of the Yellow Sea.

Haiyang Yangko is a folk art form that integrates singing, dancing and drama. It is spread over more than ten towns in Haiyang, radiating the surrounding areas. According to "Zhao Family Tree of Zhaojiazhuang, Haiyang", "The second ancestor (Zhao) passed on, and the hereditary (big) commander appeased the town and served as general Wu Lulve. In the first year of Hongxi, I was glad that five generations lived under one roof, and gave you the sum of the seven leaves of Xiang Yan, and put a plaque on the Gu Erdan. You ordered gentlemen to congratulate me. Music and dance students heard about "Shao" and led them to create and practice yangko, dancing and singing in the court. " Accordingly, Haiyang Yangko was actually created in the Ming Dynasty.

The performance of Haiyang Yangko is rich in content and the team structure is rigorous, which is mainly composed of three parts. When traveling, the deacon is in the front, the band is behind, and the dance team is behind. The dance team consists of dozens of people, including Dr. Yao, the conductor, the collective performer, Xiao and Bawangbian, as well as the two performers, the peddler and Wang Auntie, the ugly girl and the silly boy, the old man and his wife, the "xianggong" and his wife. At the end of the procession are yangko characters or opera jugglers. The common formations of Yangko Team are "Two Dragons Spitting Whiskers", "Bagua Dou", "Dragon Flipping Tails", "Long Panwei", "Two Dragons Twisting Columns", "Three Fish Fighting for the Head" and "Stars Holding the Moon". The outstanding features of Haiyang Yangko are the combination of running and twisting. Dancers twist in running, women twist their waist and hold fans, and shake their shoulders in the previous step, which is lively and generous. The man shakes his head, swings his arm and changes his shoulders, which is lively and funny.

Haiyang Yangko is the embodiment of the collective wisdom and creative spirit of Haiyang people. In reality, Haiyang Yangko vividly shows the mental outlook and personality characteristics of rural people in Haiyang. It is an important part of a local culture, with aesthetic and historical value, and plays an important role in enriching people's cultural life and building a harmonious society. Haiyang Yangko has been listed as one of the dance teaching materials in China. From 65438 to 0996, Haiyang City was named "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art" by the Ministry of Culture.

Yangko northern Shaanxi Yangko

Reporting area or unit: Suide County, Shaanxi Province

Northern Shaanxi Yangko is a widely popular and representative traditional dance, also known as "making fire", "making yangko", "making community fire" and "making yangko". Mainly distributed in Yulin, Yan 'an, Suide, Mizhi and other places in Shaanxi Province, it has a long history, rich content and various forms. Among them, Suide Yangko is the most representative.

Suide is the center of northern Shaanxi Yangko, and the traditional performances, customs and styles of Yangko are still preserved in the rural areas here, including "Shenhui Yangko" and "Twenty-eight Nights Old Yangko" driven by ancient villagers, and the new Yangko that appeared after 1942. There are often dozens of yangko performers, some as many as nearly a hundred. Under the leadership of the umbrella head, they stepped on the sonorous gongs and drums and danced with the loud suona, twisting, swinging, walking, jumping and turning. Immersed in a happy and festive atmosphere, the Yangko performance in the northern Shaanxi Plateau is very prosperous. Yangko has absorbed artistic elements in the form of water boat, donkey running, stilts, lions and kicking fields. , spread in the local area, forming a huge yangko team. Traditional old yangko and Shenhui yangko have rituals and customs such as "getting up", "worshiping the temple" and "worshiping the gods", and there are activities such as worshipping the door (also known as walking the door), hanging colorful doors, stepping on the big venue and turning over nine songs in the performance. There are dozens to hundreds of people in a yangko team, and the performances include "in-situ twist", "stride", "three-step jump", "oblique step" and "shaking shoulder step". Yangko in northern Shaanxi is divided into "big field" and "small field". The formation of the big field is varied, including "dragon wagging tail", "rolling cabbage" and "rolling cabbage". Small performances include Water Boat, Running Donkey, Stilts and Bullwhip. According to the action style and content, it can be divided into "Wen Chang Zi", "Wu Chang Zi", "Kicking Chang Zi" and "Ugly Chang Zi". Among them, Kicking the Pavilion is a duet that shows the love life of men and women. It has high-level dance movements, and it needs to show high-level skills such as "soft waist", "two feet", "three feet don't land", "dragon's paw through the clouds", "golden rooster independence" and "golden hook upside down". The northern Shaanxi Yangko became the leading role in the Yan 'an New Yangko Movement from 65438 to 0942, and was endowed with new mental outlook and content of the times with the development of the revolutionary situation, which spread all over the country.

Yangko in northern Shaanxi shows the simple, simple and optimistic character of the people in northern Shaanxi, which has outstanding historical and cultural value.

Yangge Fushun Yangko

Reporting area or unit: Fushun City, Liaoning Province

Fushun Yangko, also known as "Tartars Yangko", is a folk dance form with a long history and strong national, folk and regional characteristics, which is mainly spread in the birthplace of Fushun Manchu in Liaoning Province today. Fushun Yangko was formed in the early Qing Dynasty and has been passed down to this day. It is directly related to the folk dance of Manchu ancestors. According to historical records, there was a dance called "treading hammer" in the Tang Dynasty and a song and dance called "recklessness" in the Ming Dynasty, which had a certain influence on the formation of Fushun Yangko.

The most representative figures in Fushun local yangko are "Tatars" wearing flags and "Kelitui" wearing only leather clothes, skewers and various hunting tools (commonly known as "foreign Tatars"). Most of their performances originated from the production and life of Manchu in the primitive state, such as vaulting horse, archery and fighting, and some imitated the movements of eagle, tiger and bear, among which there were many elements of traditional dance. The squatting, stamping, swinging, shaking and other postures in yangko movements are rich, vigorous and bold, with distinctive characteristics of fishing and hunting life and Eight Banners fighting life. Its accompaniment music draws lessons from the percussion forms of Manchu shaman dance, including "Old Three Points", "Seven Sticks" and "Fast Drum", which is quite different from Han Yangko. Fushun yangko has been circulating in Fushun since the Qing Dynasty and is deeply loved by the masses. According to the investigation of 1986, there were 50 yangko teams at that time, but at present only four yangko teams have a clear origin and pedigree.

Fushun yangko has a long history among the people. Due to the change of environment and the decrease of the number of old artists, the routine activities of Fushun Yangko have been difficult to carry out, and the array and movements of performances have been gradually simplified, which is on the verge of extinction and needs strong support.