Powers should not negotiate with the Qing Dynasty. Why did history end in peace talks?

It stands to reason that the powers should not negotiate with the Qing dynasty, which is based on the principles of the Qing dynasty, not the principles of the powers. The so-called powers, the first Opium War was Britain, the second Opium War was Britain and France, followed by France in the Sino-French War and Japan in the Sino-Japanese War, as well as Russia, which has been occupying the land of the Great Qing Dynasty. To the change of the boxer, Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Germany, Japan, Italy and Austria went into battle together.

However, no matter how much power there is, only one power has the final say. That's England. The others are all soy sauce makers. Britain says one, but they dare not say two. As long as Britain wants to negotiate with the Qing dynasty, other powers must put away their swords and guns and sit at the negotiating table. Otherwise, the fate will be miserable. Not only should we sit down and negotiate, but how and what to talk about must be finally reviewed by Britain.

In 1894- 1895 Sino-Japanese War of 1895, Japan was determined to tear Liaodong from the Qing Dynasty. However, the British refused, and the meat in their mouths had to be spit out. Russia is disobedient and determined to dominate the Northeast. Britain instigated her younger brother Japan to fight a Russo-Japanese war, forcing Russia to leave Northeast Asia with blood and tears. Then, then, what is the Qing dynasty in the northeast? Don't even think about anything else.

Therefore, this is an English era, pursuing British logic. The logic of the Qing dynasty is not easy to use, the logic of Japan is not easy to use, and the logic of Russia is not easy to use. Therefore, whether to negotiate or not depends on Britain; When to negotiate depends on Britain; Even the negotiated treaties have to be examined by the British.

There are no eternal friends, no eternal enemies, only eternal interests.

British logic is rooted in British interests. The interests of Britain are different from those of any previous empire. In the past, the interests of the empire were the interests of the mainland and the land. Therefore, for this benefit, the strong will never give the weak the opportunity to negotiate, defeat you, destroy you, and then seize your land and realize your own interests.

However, Britain's interests are not land and mainland, but ocean and trade.

First of all, is the interest of Britain the interest of the king? Now that the monarchy is constitutional, the king of England and the queen of England have to give way. The interests of Britain are the national interests of Britain. However, which group in Britain does this national interest belong to? Are they farmers, workers, capitalists or politicians?

Britain at that time was a typical small government and big society. Therefore, the initiator of political problems is not the government, but the society. That is to say, interest groups raise their will to the will of the state by lobbying the parliament, and then realize their interests with the help of the state. And who is the strongest interest group in Britain? British businessmen, specifically British businessmen who colonized overseas.

Why did Britain fight the first Opium War? Because British businessmen wanted to fight to get through the commercial route of the Qing Dynasty by means of war, so as to realize their own interests.

The British empire dominated by British businessmen is different from the previous continental empire. The greatest interests of the continental empire are land and population, while the greatest interests of the maritime empire are ocean and trade. Therefore, British businessmen don't need land in the Qing Dynasty, but only businesses in the Qing Dynasty.

The logic of British businessmen's interests in East Asia is not colonization, but trade. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, except India, Britain only wanted to colonize strongholds, not land. For example, Hong Kong, Singapore and the Cape of Good Hope, these key trading strongholds and ports are valued by Britain, but land is not the interest of the British Empire.

The reason is that the interests of Britain are those of British businessmen, and the interests of British businessmen focus on economy and trade rather than land. So Britain is a maritime empire, not a continental empire, and pursues a completely opposite set of logic.

How were British interests and logic designed for the Qing Dynasty?

First of all, the Qing dynasty must be stable and unified. Without stability and unity, the Qing dynasty could not provide a market for Britain.

Secondly, the Qing dynasty must be moderately prosperous. In the poor Qing dynasty, British businessmen could not make any money at all.

Third, don't be too strong. An overly powerful Qing dynasty may drive British businessmen out.

The fourth Qing dynasty could not be monopolized by other powers, not to mention the whole country, not even the northeast, Shandong and Yangtze River Delta, because other powers would block the market for Britain.

Fifth, Britain did not want to monopolize the Qing Dynasty. The occupation of India has been miscalculated. In order to protect the colony of India, Britain did not fight less or spend less. And if you want to colonize the Qing Dynasty and ignore the possibility, even if the colonization is successful, how much will Britain spend to rectify its internal affairs and ensure the security of the Qing Dynasty? The cost is astronomical.

Therefore, Britain's overall design goal for the Qing Dynasty is to make money for the Qing Dynasty, without paying for the national governance and security of the Qing Dynasty. Only in this way can the interests of British businessmen and British countries be maximized.

Take India for example, in order to save India, Britain will win the Suez Canal; In order to save the Suez Canal, Britain will take Egypt; In order to save Egypt, Britain will take Sudan. It is too expensive for an ocean empire to undertake the task of a land empire. In addition to developing westward, Britain will also help India expand its strategic depth to China, Tibet and Afghanistan. Not to mention the internal cost of governing India, but how high is the cost of providing strategic security for India? At the beginning of the 20th century, a major factor in the decline of the British Empire was that the colonial cost was greater than the colonial income, and India should have the heaviest colonial cost.

Since the cost is so high, why doesn't Britain give up India? One is the path dependence of what is done, and whoever gets the colony will easily throw it out; The other is that India is too weak. If Britain does not colonize, it will be colonized by others. By the same token, so do the United States and Africa. You don't colonize Britain, France and Germany colonize it, and then the British market is closed to you. However, qing don't have to worry about this problem.

Therefore, for the Qing dynasty, Britain will never make this mistake again, and it must not colonize the Qing dynasty, otherwise it will be exhausted by the colony. I don't colonize myself, but I can't let Japan and Russia get too involved. No matter which one of these two guys dominates Qing, it will block Qing's market in Britain. This is absolutely not allowed by the British.

Therefore, according to the British logic, the Qing dynasty was deprived of underwear and the powers had to negotiate with the Qing dynasty. Without negotiation, Britain won't turn its face at once, but it will definitely impose economic sanctions, which no one can stand. Therefore, after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, it was very wise for Japan to give up Liaodong, and the devil knew who the eldest brother was. But Russia is a bit arrogant, because it is not afraid of the British trade blockade, and it has the logic of greedy land. If you don't listen and are not afraid of economic sanctions, then fuck you. Britain not only encouraged Japan to fight in East Asia at the beginning of the 20th century, but also personally fought in Crimea from 1853 to 1856. So Russia was forced out of the civil revolution by Britain. This is the boss's way.