Running photography skills

How much do you know about running photography skills? Maybe many people are not very clear about it. The following is the complete collection of running photography skills I shared. Let's have a look.

● Three elements of shooting:

The three elements of photography: "focus, exposure and composition" are the basis of photography. The so-called exposure refers to the photosensitive intensity of negative film or CCD photosensitive element; If the light can't be adjusted to the most appropriate intensity, the negative and CCD can't record and confirm the image correctly. The intensity of light can be controlled by adjusting the "aperture" and "shutter speed".

1. Clear focus.

"The people in the photo look foggy! ! "Do you often encounter this problem? Generally speaking, this is a focused problem. There are several techniques to focus well. Please look down:

● Recognize the key points:

Generally speaking, the focus of a digital camera is in the center of the camera. You can see a small frame on the LCD of the camera. When taking a photo, please aim at the person in the small box first, press the shutter half and hear the beep. At the same time, a small green light will light up (depending on the camera type), indicating that it is in focus.

● Whether the subject is in focus:

1. People-oriented.

2. Press the shutter half way to finish focusing first. At this time, don't let go of the hand that presses the shutter, or the focus will deviate.

3. Move the person to one side. After the composition is completed, press the shutter completely to complete the photo. Because it has been focused before, the focus will not deviate.

Pay attention to hand shaking:

Stable camera shooting is the only way, but you should always pay attention to the shutter speed. Nowadays, digital cameras display shutter and aperture data. Generally speaking, the so-called safety shutter is not less than 1/30 seconds. If the shutter value is found to be lower than 1/30, please use a tripod to increase stability.

2. The exposure should be correct

● What is exposure (exposure compensation)?

In traditional photography, what we call exposure value is the so-called EV value. You can make the adjustment of+/-,that is, the adjustment of exposing one frame more (bright) or one frame less (dark) to make the image more correct when exposed, so that the photo will not be too dark or too bright. (Now all digital cameras have EV keys. )

Formula: black is black, and bright is bright.

If the subject is dark, the EV value should be reduced (changed to dark).

If the subject is bright, increase the EV value (become bright).

It's a contradiction, right? After reading the following explanation, you will understand the efficacy of EV value. Today's digital cameras will automatically help you calculate the best exposure value. But in some cases, the camera will be deceived by the shooting environment, leading to misjudgment.

Pay attention to the environment:

Usually, if the background is too bright, it may be that the protagonist is standing in front of a white wall, or wearing white clothes, or on a white beach, or in the snow, which will cause the background brightness to be greater than the main body. This is when the formula comes in handy. On the contrary, if you wear dark clothes or the background is too dark, you should lower the EV value.

● Flash:

Flash can be used not only at night, but also at the right time during the day, which can increase the correct exposure.

3. The composition should be special

When you are familiar with the first two techniques, we will come to the last and most important technique: composition.

General composition has the following steps, please read it carefully:

● Gold composition:

We often hear some professional photographers talk about golden composition, but we never know what golden composition is. Today, let's briefly introduce what a golden composition is to make you a professional photographer.

In fact, the composition of gold is divided in equal proportion, and the division ratio is 2:3, 3:5, 5:8 and so on. , that is, cut out lines with equal proportion in the photo, and then arrange them in contrast to the scenery in the photo, showing a ratio of 2:3.

● Jiugongge composition:

It is found that the intersection of four lines of nine squares is the most sensitive place for human eyes. These four points are also called "interesting central points" in foreign theories. As long as we master these four points to make a composition, we can ensure that the photos you take are no longer life photos.

When shooting, you can cut out a nine-square grid on the LCD of the camera in an imaginary way, and then arrange the main body and the extended foreground or background at two different points to draw a diagonal line, that is, complete a nine-square grid composition. Simple.

In fact, the composition of Jiugongge can be used in many places, such as photographing the coastline. You can put the coastline above 1/3 or below 1/3 to create a different feeling. Remember not to put it in the middle of the picture.

Grasp the "aperture priority" and take creative photos.

Aperture priority and shutter priority shooting modes are two semi-automatic exposure control functions that are very suitable for photographers. Because aperture can affect the shutter speed and directly control the depth of field, aperture priority is more widely used. We can flexibly apply aperture priority when shooting portraits, landscapes, buildings, night scenes and other subjects, take photos with different styles, and fully experience the fun of photography creation.

What is "aperture priority"?

To clarify what is "aperture priority", we must first clarify what is aperture. "Aperture" is actually a device used to control light passing through the lens, which is equivalent to the pupil of our human eyes. Apertures F2.8, F8 and F 16 are the "coefficients" of the aperture, which are the ratio of the focal length of the lens to the aperture diameter. Aperture is usually expressed by "F+ value", and the f values of ordinary DC are 2, 2.8, 3.5, 5.6, 8, 1 1, 22, etc. The unit light input between two adjacent aperture values is twice different. It should be noted that the value of the aperture f is just the opposite of the aperture. The larger the aperture, the smaller the F value and the smaller the depth of field. On the contrary, the smaller the aperture, the greater the F value and the greater the depth of field (see figure 1).

● Aperture diagram

Aperture priority is an exposure control mode. The photographer manually sets the required aperture size, and then the camera automatically selects the shutter speed suitable for exposure according to the brightness of the shooting scene light, CCD sensitivity, manually set aperture and other information, thus achieving accurate exposure.

Depth of field refers to the range in which the focused subject can clearly image before and after shooting the scene. Large depth of field means that the subject and the scenery before and after are very clear, while small depth of field means that only the subject is clear and the background is blurred. Depth of field is related to aperture size, lens focal length and shooting distance. The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field, the smaller the aperture and the greater the depth of field; The longer the focal length, the smaller the depth of field, the shorter the focal length and the greater the depth of field; The closer the distance, the smaller the depth of field, and the farther the distance, the greater the depth of field.

How to set aperture priority mode

First, turn the function dial of DC to "A" (or Av) and select the aperture priority exposure mode (see Figure 2). Some DCs focus the exposure mode on "A/S/M" and then select "A" mode in the menu of LCD. Then, through the up and down arrow buttons of the four-way control key, select an appropriate aperture value from the optional aperture values displayed on the LCD, and the camera will automatically select the shutter speed after confirmation. For a pure fool camera, the aperture size cannot be set manually.

● Set the "Aperture Priority" mode.

Use a large aperture to highlight the main body.

Aperture can control the depth of field, so aperture priority is mainly used in shooting occasions that need priority depth of field, such as portraits, landscapes, macro and so on. Large aperture has the function of highlighting the main body and blurring the background, especially when using medium telephoto lens, the advantage of using large aperture is more obvious. When shooting close-ups of flowers and people, the subject is usually required to be "eye-catching". At this time, the maximum aperture of DC can be selected by aperture priority mode, such as F2 and F2.8, combined with long focal length and close-range shooting (see Figure 3).

● The background blur is obvious when shooting with large aperture.

In the case of sufficient light, if the shutter speed is not fast enough, it will cause overexposure. At this time, it is necessary to use low sensitivity and filters to solve this problem.

Small aperture makes the scenery more transparent.

Small aperture can produce large depth of field, which can make far and near scenes clear. Therefore, when shooting photos, landscapes, buildings and other subjects, try to choose the minimum aperture of DC, such as F8, F 1 1, while professional DC uses F 16, F22 and other apertures to shoot products, still life or landscape subjects, and the details of the picture will be quite clear (Note in Figure 4, when the light in the scene is not very bright, use the minimum aperture. In order to prevent the photos from being blurred manually, you can use a tripod or increase the ISO value.

● Shoot the scenery with a small aperture, with distinct layers.

The depth of field of a small aperture is relatively large, which can be used when shooting macro. Because the camera is very close to the subject, if you are not careful, the focus will be clear and the front and back parts will be blurred. You can choose a small aperture to shoot the whole subject clearly.

Control shutter speed

In the same environment, the aperture and shutter complement each other. The larger the aperture, the more light enters and the shorter the shutter time. Conversely, the smaller the aperture, the slower the shutter speed, so you can adjust the shutter through the aperture. For example, when the light is dim, the camera will choose a higher shutter speed by setting a large aperture first, thus ensuring the stability when holding the camera. When shooting sports games, the large aperture can freeze the subject of high-speed movement. When shooting waterfalls, adopting the aperture priority and reducing the aperture can reduce the shutter speed, which can not only ensure the depth of field, but also make the waterfall form a tulle-like effect under the slow shutter. When shooting at night, a small aperture can also make the light appear diffuse starlight effect.

How to set the shutter?

This is a very common scenery. I deliberately waited until an electric car passed by before pressing the shutter. The shutter speed should be around1125 s, because it moves too fast, so the figure is blurred. That's what I want.

When you aim the lens at an object, the camera will automatically measure the light and immediately give the appropriate shutter and aperture value. If you have never noticed this shutter and aperture value before, you should always pay attention from now on.

First of all, I want to tell you some basic knowledge about shutter.

1. You must first find out the shutter speed range of the camera you are using, such as what is the highest shutter speed? As far as I know, the highest shutter speed of many cameras now is 1/2000s. Then look at the slowest shutter speed of the camera. As far as I know, most cameras now have a long shutter of 30 seconds. Then check whether the camera has a B door, which is the function that allows you to expose for a long time. The exposure time of door B is the time from when you press the shutter to when you release the shutter. For example, it can be exposed for dozens of minutes or even hours.

Then please check the focal length of your camera lens, which is usually engraved in front of the lens. If not, please read the instruction manual. For example, Canon's EF28-70mm lens has a focal length of 28-70mm. Okay, here's a very important point. The larger the focal length of the lens, the slower the shutter speed, and the greater the possibility that the photo image will be blurred due to hand shake during shooting. Generally speaking, use the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens as your minimum handheld shutter speed.

For example, if you are using a lens with a focal length of 28-70mm, your hand-held shutter speed should not be lower than 1/70s (note that the zoom lens should take the telephoto end value).

At this time, if we must shoot at the shutter speed of 1/8s, it is very likely that the final photo will be blurred because of hand shaking.

By now, you should already know the safe shutter speed of the camera when shooting by hand.

For example, if the focal length of the lens is 28-70mm and the highest shutter speed is 1/2000s, then the safe shutter speed range for hand-held shooting is about 1/60s- 1/2000s.

General rules:

1. When taking hand-held photography, pay attention to whether the shutter value is within the safe shutter speed range of hand-held photography and try not to overflow. There are two kinds of overflow. The first is when the light is very bright, such as f8+ 1/2000s in exposure value. At this time, if the aperture is set to f4, the shutter actually needs1/8000s (F8+1/2000s = F4+1/8000s). The second is when the light is very weak, such as f2.8+ 1/60s in exposure value. If the aperture is set to f5.6, the shutter speed is required to be115s (F2.8+1/60s = F5.6+1/65). Obviously, it also exceeds the slowest safety value of 1/60s, which is also an overflow.

If you have any questions about the exposure combination in this article, please refer to: How does the camera control the light?

2. Check the flash synchronization speed of the camera. When using a flash, the shutter speed should not be higher than this value.

For example, if the flash synchronization speed of a camera is1125s, the shutter speed must be set to1125s or slower when shooting with a flash.