Huan Wen's famous sentences

[shortcomings/perfection]

military affairs

Xiping Bashu

The Eastern Jin regime was located in the lower reaches of Shangjiang River. If it wants long-term stability, it must rely on the upstream Bashu area. Only when the upstream is reliable can the downstream be safe. Shu was destroyed by Wei, and Sun Wu was unable to protect himself. "A stone fell to the ground." This is a lesson from the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The strategic position of Bashu region is important, so it is inevitable to eliminate the Han Cheng regime.

In November of the second year of Yonghe (346), Huan Wen led an army to the Western Expedition, and in March of the following year (347), he conquered Chengdu, forcing Chengdu to become the last emperor of the Han Dynasty, and then put down the rebellion of Deng Ding and Chen Wen, the former staff of Shili. Han Cheng regime divided Sichuan for 44 years and died at this point. The victory of the Western Expedition not only made Huan Wen famous, but also provided a solid rear for the Northern Expedition in the future and enhanced the national strength.

Northern expedition to the central plains

In the 10th year of Yonghe (354), Huan Wen made a northern expedition to the former Qin Dynasty, and the soldiers pointed at the overlord, forcing the former Qin Emperor Fu Jian to retreat to the inner city of Chang 'an. In the 12th year of Yonghe (356), Huan Wen invaded Henan, defeated Yao Xiang in Yishui and recovered Luoyang, the old capital. However, in the fourth year of Taihe (369), Huan Wen made a northern expedition to Yan Qian, reaching Fangtou, which is only 200 miles away from Yecheng, the capital of Yan Qian, and recovered the vast area north of Huaishui, but it ended in failure.

Huan Wen's three northern expeditions were the practice of Wang Dao's slogan of "Recovering China", which recovered some lost land, cracked down on the brutal rule of the rulers of Bianyi, Qiang and Xianbei, and supported the anti-oppression struggle of the people of all ethnic groups in the north with practical actions, in line with the wishes of the people in the Central Plains at that time.

politics

Clarify seven things in the past

During the Northern Expedition, Huan Wen was deeply impressed by the imperial court's "external difficulties do not meet, internal disadvantages prevail" and once put forward the famous "seven questions":

Restrain cronies and put an end to fighting each other because of different political views;

Merge and abolish redundant official positions;

Pay attention to the confidentiality of government affairs and limit the processing time of official documents and documents;

Clarify the gifts of the young and the old, and reward honest and just officials;

Reward and punishment should be consistent with the facts;

Inherit and abide by the ancient system and carry forward research;

Choose historians and edit Jin books.

Carry out soil fault

Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty crossed the river, the imperial court has adopted preferential policies for the northern refugees and set up a large number of overseas Chinese counties (overseas Chinese counties, counties, counties) for resettlement, which are called overseas Chinese. The household registration of overseas Chinese is called Bai nationality, which is not a formal household registration and does not bear the national tax. Clan landlords used their privileges to shelter a large number of refugees, encroach on fertile land and evade taxes. Since the reign of Xianhe, the Eastern Jin Dynasty began to break ground and the overseas Chinese were revoked. By checking the household registration, overseas Chinese are allowed to enter the local household registration, and at the same time, they are responsible for taxation and corvee, thus stabilizing the national tax revenue.

In the second year of Xingning (364), on the first day of March (Geng Xuri), Huan Wen was appointed to preside over the Tu Tuan, which was called "Geng Xu Tu Tuan" in history. He kept breaking up the families of overseas Chinese, rectified the anonymity of nobles and relatives, and punished those who concealed their hukou. Sima Xuan, the king of Pengcheng, was condemned by Xia Tingwei for illegally hiding five refugees. More than 30,000 households died in Huiji County alone. The fruitful land reclamation enabled overseas Chinese to register and pay rent, restricted the privileges of gentry, increased the sources of taxes and taxes, greatly improved the economic and military strength of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and laid the foundation for the victory of the four-year battle of Taihe against Yan and the subsequent battle of Feishui.

Promote talents

The Eastern Jin Dynasty was a typical door-door politics, and the door-door clan completely monopolized the central government. Zheng Zhi with the Nine Grades was made into a tool for aristocratic officials to promote, promote and monopolize politics, which further established the political principle that "noble people are not born, and their usage is not as good as that of powerful people", resulting in the phenomenon that "aristocratic officials are treated with courtesy from all walks of life, making progress on their feet and holding public office". Noble gentry have been senior officials for generations, and poor landlords have no promotion. But Huan Wen can recruit scholars and talents. He is mainly:

Searching for the secluded and the secret: In the Jin Dynasty, many people with lofty ideals cultivated their self-cultivation, and "hid their voices on the rivers and seas and rolled on the surface of the noisy atmosphere". According to the Records of the Book of Jin, Huan Wen recommended and visited Mr. Meng Lou, Mr. Qiao Xiu and Mr. Qu Bian successively.

Take a poor scholar as an example: Che Yin's father was just a princess's book, but because he studied hard and could distinguish right from wrong, he was highly valued by Huan Wen and was dismissed.

Reuse the children of middle-class gentry: Digging Tooth was the only aristocratic family in Jingchu, but it was turned into a profession by Huan Wen because of its "erudition and extraordinary writing style".

Respect for the elite of the noble family: Xie An was a famous soldier in the Jin Dynasty, born in the noble family of Xie, and could not live in seclusion in his early years. Huan Wen called him up several times and finally invited him out for reuse. In addition, Justin, Gu Kaizhi, etc. are all children of halls, and they are also highly valued by Huan Wen.

For the newly conquered areas, we should promote sages from "going to the battlefield" and "destroying Lu": after Huan Wen leveled Shu, he incorporated the old ministers of Han Dynasty, Wang Yu, Deng Ding, Chang Qu and others into the army.

calligraphy

Huan Wen's meticulous calligraphy is good at cursive script, and its font is vigorous, with the charm of Wang Xizhi and Xie Lingyun, and great events are handed down from generation to generation. Dou E in the Tang Dynasty wrote Shu Shu Fu, which included 63 calligraphers including Huan Wen in the Jin Dynasty. Huan Wen was also included in Tao's Shangshu in the Ming Dynasty.

Huan Wen, editor of Huan Wen Anecdotes and Allusions, sighed in the gorge.

Huan Wen led the army to levy Shu and entered the Three Gorges. When he saw the steep mountain wall towering into the sky and the rolling waves soaring rapidly, he couldn't help but sigh: "Since you want to be a loyal minister, you can't be a dutiful son. What can you do? " What he means is that being a loyal minister should not be afraid of death.

Jincheng Liu Qi

During the second Northern Expedition, Huan Wen passed by Jincheng (Qiaolangya County, now Jurong North, Jiangsu Province) and saw that the willows he planted as a history of Langya in his early years were ten thick. He said with emotion: "How can people be inferior to others?" He climbed up the branch, grabbed the wicker and burst into tears.

Reprimand Justin.

When Huan Wen's Northern Expedition passed through Huaisi, he and his men boarded the ship building and looked at the Central Plains in the distance, sighing: "China fell and the Central Plains was in ruins, and Wang Yan and others could not escape the blame." Justin said: "The fate of a country has its ups and downs. How can it be said that it is the fault of Rebecca and others? " Huan Wen turned pale and said, "I heard that Liu Biao once had a big cow with a weight of more than 1,000 kilograms. The forage bean cake he ate was 10 times that of ordinary cows, but he walked a long way with a load, which was worse than that of weak cows. Wei Wudi entered Jingzhou and killed the sergeant. " He compared Justin to a big and useless Liu Biao cow. All the guests were frightened.

Zibi Liu Kun

Huan Wen thinks he is heroic and often compares himself with Liu Kun. He once got an old maid in the north, who used to be Liu Kun's maid. When the old maid saw Huan Wen, she burst into tears and said, "You look like Liu Sikong." Huan Wen exultation, hurriedly dress, ask where she is. The old maid replied: "the face is very similar, but a little thinner;" Eyes are similar, but a little small; The beard is very similar, but a little red; The figure is very similar, but a little short; The voice is also very similar, but a little female. " Huan Wen felt lost, "took off his clothes and fell asleep" and moped for several days.

Maintain fragrance and smell.

Huan Wen, who has always been ambitious, once said to his cronies in bed: "You will be laughed at by Wenjing (referring to Sima Shi, the emperor of Jin Dynasty who won the world from Cao Wei) in the future." He immediately sat up on Huo Ran and added, "If a person can't be immortal, he should be immortal."

Still suffering from it.

When Huan Wen was the secretariat of Jingzhou, he was bent on the rule of virtue in Jianghan area, and did not want to intimidate the people with torture. Your history has been flogged, and the wooden stick has just been brushed off the official uniform. Huan Shi said to Huan Wen, "I just passed by the government office and saw that your history was punished. When the stick is lifted, it blows the clouds and sweeps the floor when it falls. " He was being sarcastic. He missed it at all. Huan Wen said: "I was worried that I couldn't play well."

It's better to be Guan Zhong.

Wang Xun once asked Huan Wen, "Kiko and Bigan have different actions, but their intentions are the same. I don't know who you are sure of and who you deny? " Huan Wen said: "Being called a benevolent person, I would rather be Guan Zhong."

Like a bitch.

Wang Dao debated with Yin Hao, and Huan Wen, Wang Meng, Wang Shu and Xie Shang were present. Wang Dao sighed: "What we just talked about has reached the point where we don't know the meaning. As for the wording, we are equal. At the beginning, Wang Bi talked with words and metaphysics, which may be the case. " The next day, Huan Wen said to humanity, "It's wonderful to hear Yin and Wang talking about their lessons. Xie Renzu doesn't feel lonely, and I always get something. Look back at Wang Meng and Wang Shu, just like a shrew with a beautiful feather fan. " He is mocking Wang Meng for pretending not to understand.

You can't sit and talk

On one occasion, Huan Wen was hunting on a snowy day and met Wang Meng, Liu Wei and others. When Liu Yi saw that Huan Wen was wearing a military uniform, he asked, "What did the old thief do with this?" Huan Wen said, "If I don't do this, why should I sit down and talk?"

Tease Liu Yi.

Huan Wen went to visit Liu Ba, a celebrity, and when he saw Liu Ba lying in bed, he hit his pillow with a slingshot. As a result, the projectile hit the mattress. Liu Ling flew into a rage and stood up and said, "Your Majesty, can this win the battle?" He is mocking Huan Wen for being a soldier and never leaving. Huan Wen looks very dissatisfied.

Can't talk to Qing

Someone once asked Huan Wen about the competition between Xie An and Wang. Huan Wen was about to say it and regretted it. "You like to tell others, but I can't tell you."

The life of the character

[Please remember our dream of Chinese studies]

family background

According to the Book of Jin, Huan Wen was a great scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, according to the research of historian Tian Yuqing, Huan Wen's great grandfather (or Gao Bozu and Gao Shuzu) was Huan Fan, an old farmer of Cao Wei who was killed by Sima in Jiaping prison during the Three Kingdoms period.

Kang Huan's family became a criminal and was not an aristocratic family in the Western Jin Dynasty. After Huan Yi crossed the South, he made friends with celebrities and became one of the most famous figures in China, "making contributions". He had conspired with Ming Di to pacify the Wang Dun Rebellion, which made the family status rise. Huan Wen, the eldest son of Huan Yi, was praised by Wen Qiao when he was less than one year old, so he was named Wen.

Early behavior

In the third year of Xianhe (328), Huan Yi was killed by rebel general Han Huang in the Soviet rebellion, and jiang bo, the magistrate of Jingxian County, also participated in the planning. At that time, Huan Wen was only fifteen years old, and he bled and vowed to avenge his father. In the sixth year of Xianhe (33 1), jiang bo died. His son Jiang Biao and three other brothers are mourning for their father. Afraid that Huan Wen would seek revenge, they prepared weapons in the funeral room in advance, just in case something happened. Huan Wen pretended to be a clothes hanger, sneaked into the funeral parlour, stabbed Jiang Biao with his hand, and killed his second brother, and finally avenged his father, which was praised by people at that time.

Huan Wen is generous, dignified and elegant. After marrying Nankang princess royal, he took Xu as a captain, and his father was from Wanning County.

In the first year of Xiankang (335), Huan Wen was the literature and history of Langya (equivalent to the satrap). Later, Canadian and Guo Fu generals.

Out of Jingzhou

In July of the first year of Jianyuan (343), the imperial court took Huan Wen as the pioneer, and made him lead the troops to guard Linhuai (now Xuyi, Jiangsu) and assist Jingzhou in the northern expedition. In October of the same year, Huan Wen was promoted to Xuzhou Secretariat, in charge of military affairs in the three states of Qing Xu Yan. He became friends with Yu Yi and once agreed to help the world together.

In the first year of Yonghe (345), Yu Yi died. On his deathbed, he asked his son Yu Kui to take over Jingzhou, but assistant minister He Chong recommended Huan Wen. Danyang thinks that Huan Wen does have a genius, but he also has ambition, so he can't master Jingzhou. He suggested that Sima Yi, king of Huiji, lead Jingzhou by himself, but Sima Yi refused to adopt it. In August of the same year, Huan Wen was promoted to general Anxi, the secretariat of Jingzhou, and was appointed as commander-in-chief of Beijing Division Yongyi, the military department of six states in Liang Ning, and took care of a captain of Na Man, thus mastering the relieving power in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

Grasp the affairs of state

Pingding Shudi

After Huan Wen left Jingzhou, he planned to attack the Chenghan regime which occupied Bashu in the west, in order to establish meritorious service. At that time, Cheng Han was declining and Shili was more dissolute. Qiao Yuan, the Prime Minister of Jiangxia, deeply agreed with this, and suggested that Huan Wen lead 10,000 chosen men to travel light and take Chengdu directly. At the same time, it is believed that the northern post-Zhao regime did not dare to take the opportunity to invade, so as to dispel Huan Wen's concerns. Huan Wen decided to cut Shu.

In November, the second year of Yonghe (346), Huan Wen went to the imperial court and requested to cut Shu. Without waiting for the imperial court to reply, he led the army to the west with general Zhou Fu of Lu and general Sima Wuji of the auxiliary countries. He ordered Qiao Yuan to lead 2000 men as forwards. When the imperial court learned of it, it was worried that he had too few troops and went deep into the remote and dangerous Shu area, fearing that he would eventually be defeated. Only Liu Wei thinks that Huan Wen will destroy Shu.

In February of the 3rd year of Yonghe (347), Huan Wen arrived in Tsing Yi (now a famous mountain in Sichuan). Shi Li ordered general Li Fook wo Zanjian to lead an army to Heshui to resist the 8 Jin Army. The generals of the Han army wanted to ambush in Jiangnan, but in short, they crossed the river from Yuanyang Banner in Jiangbei and marched into Qianwei (now Pengshan, Sichuan). As a result, he took a different direction from 8 jin j.. In March of the same year, Huan Wen went to Pengmo (now southeast of Pengshan, Sichuan), leaving Zhou Chu and Sun Shengshou behind, and led the infantry to Chengdu. Li Fu led his troops back to attack Pengmo and was repelled by others. On the other hand, Huan Wen defeated Li Quan and other Han troops and advanced to the gates of Chengdu.

Qi Jian arrived in Qianwei, but he didn't meet 8 jin j. He crossed the river from Shatoujin (now Xinjinnan, Sichuan) and returned to the army, only to learn that the Jin army had attacked ten miles outside Chengdu and was defeated without a fight. Shi Li had to gather all his troops to fight the Jin Army on the street bridge outside Chengdu. At that time, the situation was very tragic. Jin Qianfeng lost and died in the army. The arrow of the Han army even hit Huan Wen's horse. All the generals were afraid and wanted to retreat. At this time, the drummer beat the drum by mistake. Qiao Yuan took the opportunity to urge the sergeant to fight, and finally turned defeat into victory, defeating the Han army. Huan Wen attacked Chengdu and burned down the town. Shi Li fled 90 miles by night and finally decided to surrender. Huan Wen accepted the surrender and sent Shi Li to Jiankang. Han Cheng's regime was thus destroyed.

After Huan Wen's death, he introduced Ren Xian to the local area for his own use. Cheng Han's old ministers, Wang Yu, Deng Ding, Chang Qu and others were ordered to join the army and pacify Shu. However, Wang Shi and Deng Ding soon rebelled and were eventually razed to the ground by the Jin Army. Huan Wen stayed in Shu for a month, then moved to Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei).

In the fourth year of Yonghe (348), the imperial court conferred the title, and wanted to make Huan Wen a county magistrate, but was stopped by Prime Minister Zuo Xun. In the end, Huan Wen was named General of the Western Expedition, the Third Division of Kaifu Yitong and the Duke of He Lin.

Forcibly abolish Yin Hao

The Battle of Pingshu made Huan Wen famous, and the imperial court was terrified that he would be difficult to control in the future. In order to contain Huan Wen, Sima Yu, the king of Huiji, had to let Yin Hao, the secretariat of Yangzhou, participate in politics. Although Huan Wen was dissatisfied, he was not worried, because he knew Yin Hao well and knew that he could do nothing. At that time, there were eight states under Huan Wen's rule, recruiting and allocating resources by themselves, gradually forming a semi-independent state and gradually showing the heart of disobedience. The court has been unable to recruit him, just trying to lock him up. Because there is nothing in the country, the monarch and the minister can still live in peace.

In the fifth year of Yonghe (349), the late Zhao Emperor Shi Hu died of illness, and the situation in the north was in chaos. Huan Wen immediately wrote to the court to request the Northern Expedition, but he never got an answer. In December of the 7th year of Yonghe (35 1), Huan Wen once again "obeys and keeps his word", and led 50,000 troops down the river to Wuchang (now Sun Yicheng, Hubei). The court was in a state of panic, and Yin Hao also planned to resign and withdraw. Sima Yi personally wrote to Huan Wen and tried to dissuade him. Finally, Huan Wen led the army back to Jingzhou. Later, the court worshipped Huan Wen as Qiu, which was rejected by Huan Wen.

In the following two years, Yin Hao made several northern expeditions, trying to enter Luoyang and repair the garden tombs, but failed repeatedly. The looting of military supplies is anathema to the ruling and opposition parties. In the first month of the 10th year of Yonghe (354), Huan Wen played in the imperial court and listed Yin Hao's crimes, forcing the imperial court to abolish Yin Hao as Shu Ren. From then on, the power inside and outside the imperial court belonged to Huan Wen, and no one in the DPRK could stop Huan Wen's Northern Expedition.

Three northern expeditions

Cut the Qin dynasty first.

In February of the 10th year of Yonghe (354), Huan Wen led an army to the Northern Expedition of the former Qin Dynasty. He led 40,000 troops from Jiangling, from Xiangyang to Junkou by waterway (now west of Hubei counties), and then from Xichuan (now east of Xichuan in Henan) (now southeast of Fengdan in Shaanxi) to Wuguan. At the same time, the Liangzhou secretariat Sima Xun was ordered to go out at noon and attack Qin Jun. After several bloody battles, 8 Jin J captured the former Qin general Guo Jing alive, repelled the king of Huainan and successfully entered the customs. Fu Jian, the former emperor of Qin Dynasty, ordered the generals Fu Xiong and Fu Jing to station fifty thousand troops and bury Liu (now northwest of Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province) to stop the 8 Jin Army. In April of the same year, Huan Wen moved to Bashang (now east of Xi City, Shaanxi Province). Qin Jun and other departments retreated to the south of Chang 'an, and Fu Jian led the troops to stick to the inner city with 6,000 troops, and nearby counties went south one after another. Huan Wen comforted the people, enabling them to live and return to work. Guanzhong people greeted them with cows and wine, and many old people cried painfully: "I didn't expect to see the official army again today!" " "

When Huan Wen entered Guanzhong, it was the wheat harvest season, and he planned to harvest wheat on the spot to solve the problem of rations, so he stopped. Fu Jian heard that 8 jin j grain harvest, guess constant temperature army grain shortage, so take the method of clearing the field, make 8 jin j food supply is unsustainable. In June, Huan Wen was forced to withdraw to Jiangling and moved away with more than 3,000 households in Guanzhong. So he tried to chase, and the Jin army was defeated, causing heavy casualties.

During Huan Wen's Northern Expedition, Wang Meng, who lived in seclusion in Guanzhong, came to visit and talked about timely affairs. He is like no one's watching, and he is deeply appreciated by Huan Wen. When Huan Wen retreated, he invited Wang Meng to go south together and appointed him as a senior official. But Wang Meng refused to follow and stayed in the north.

Yao Xiang's second feeling

In February of the 12th year of Yonghe (356), Huan Wen went to the table several times, requesting the court to move the capital to Luoyang and restore the garden mausoleum, but none of them got the consent of the court. Soon, the court made Huan Wen the viceroy, and the viceroy department and the army of Jizhou were responsible for the conquest. In July, Huan Wen sent troops to the Northern Expedition again from Jiangling, and ordered the commander-in-chief to protect Gao Wu and defend Luyang (now Lushan, Henan). Dai Shitun, the general of the auxiliary country, was stationed on the river and advanced on Xuchang and Luoyang. At the same time, the imperial court was invited to send troops to Huai and Si and join the Yellow River to fight.

In August of the same year, Huan Wen soldiers arrived in Yishui (now south of Luoyang). Yao Xiang, the leader of Qiang nationality, is besieging Luoyang. Hearing of Huan Wen's attack, he retreated and fought in Yishui North. Huan Wen personally put on armor, bid, and ordered the Jin army to March in. Finally, Yao Xiang was defeated and Luoyang was recovered. He entered Jinyong City, paid a visit to the mausoleum of the first emperor, and set up a mausoleum ambassador to repair the mausoleum. Soon, Huan Wen sent troops south and moved more than 3,000 defectors south to the Yangtze River and Hanshui River.

After Huan Wen returned to Jingzhou, he ordered the Ministry to suppress the savage thief Lu Wen and the demon thief Li Hong, and sent his head to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). But at the same time, the recovered Li Si, Yuzhou, Qingzhou and Yanzhou fell again. In the fourth year of Shengping (360), the imperial court made Huan Wen the Duke of Nanjun, and reduced his original title of Helin County to the Duke of Nanjun, and gave it to his second son Huan Ji.

Move a town aunt

In the first year of Longhe (362), the former Yan general Land Rover attacked Luoyang. Dai, the satrap of Yuzhou, abandoned the city and fled. The champion sent an urgent report. In May, Huan Wen sent Deng Ya, the satrap of Jingling, to lead 3,000 people to assist in guarding the city, once again requested to move the capital to Luoyang, and suggested that all the Jiangnan exiles moved northward after the Yongjia Rebellion to enrich the land of Henan, which was rejected by the court. Later, on the grounds that Jiaozhou and Guangzhou were remote, the imperial court removed Huan Wen from their posts as viceroy of Jiaozhou and Guangzhou, and granted them the posts of viceroy to take charge of the military affairs of the three countries. Huan Wen declined the above list.

In the first year of Xingning (363), the imperial court appointed Huan Wen as assistant minister, Fu, commander-in-chief of Chinese and foreign military affairs, and gave him the position of advocating Yu Bao. In the second year (364), Huan Wen led a navy division to Hefei to prepare for the Northern Expedition. In May, the court appointed Huan Wen as a shepherd, and recorded the history of Yangzhou, and sent Zhong You to announce that he would participate in politics in the DPRK. Huan Wen refused on the grounds that the Central Plains had not been restored. The imperial court forbade Huan Wen to enter the DPRK again, but when Huan Wen entered the DPRK (now Fanchang West, Anhui Province), ministers came to stop him. Huan Wen then stationed in Zheqi, resigned as a clerk, and was only in charge of Yangzhou animal husbandry. In the third year of Xingning (365), Yan Qian attacked Luoyang again, and Chen You fled. When Sima Yu learned of this, he met Huan Wen in Zhou Huan (now Hexian County, Anhui Province) and ordered him to move to Dangtu, Anhui Province, ready for conquest, but he finally gave up because of the death of Emperor Ai of Jin.

In the third year of Taihe (368), Huan Wen was given a special gift, ranking above the princes. So he stationed in the garrison, resigned from his post of recording the history, and only wanted to lead Yangzhou shepherd from a long distance.

Sanche Yan Qian

In March of the fourth year of Taihe (369), Xu Yanzhou, the secretariat of Erzhou, wrote to Huan Wen, expressing his willingness to assist the royal family with him and requesting to lead the troops out of the river. At that time, the northern government soldiers were brave, and Huan Wen didn't want Xi Cheng to master the important town of Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu). Chi Chao, the son of Xi Kui, joined the army for Huan Wen, secretly destroyed the original letter and forged it in the name of his father, claiming to be an old disease. Please have a rest. Huan Wen took advantage of the opportunity to change the identity of the secretariat of Huiji, led the secretariat of two states in Yan Xu, and merged Xi's army.

In April of the same year, Huan Wen led an army of 50,000 troops to the northern expedition to Yan Qian with Jiangzhou secretariat Huan Chong and Yuzhou secretariat Yuan Zhen. He led the army to attack the lake and land, captured Murong Zhong, the general of Yan State, and advanced on Jinxiang. At that time, there was a drought, and the waterway was impassable. So Huan Wen had people dig a three-hundred-mile waterway in Juye to let ships enter the Yellow River from clear water. Chi Chao suggested that Huan Wen lead the whole army to attack Yecheng, the former capital of Yan State, or stick to the river, control grain transportation, and keep the grain until next summer. He thinks that if we don't make a quick decision, when the war drags on to autumn and winter, it will be more difficult to maintain the Jin Army under the objective conditions of reducing water and cooling down in advance in the north. But Huan Wen wouldn't listen.

In July, General Yan, Fu Mobo and others led an army of 80,000 to resist 8 Jin Army, and the two armies confronted each other in Fangtou (now Xunxian County, Henan Province). Huan Wen ordered Yuan Zhen to attack Qiaocheng and Liang and open Shimen Waterway. However, Yuan Zhen never opened the Shimen, and eventually the rations of 8 Jin Army ran out. In September, Huan Wen burned warships and withdrew. Mu Rongchui led 8,000 cavalry to pursue, and fought with 8 Jin Army in Xiangyi (now Suixian West, Henan Province). Huan Wen suffered a crushing defeat, with 30,000 casualties.

Playing politics in his later years

Occupy Shouchun

After Huan Wen's defeat, he retreated to Yang Shan (now Huai 'an, Jiangsu Province), collected skirmishers and entrusted Yuan Zhen with the crime of defeat. He went to the imperial court and asked Yuan Zhen to be Shu Ren. Yuan Zhen refused to accept it. According to Shouchun (now southwest of Shouxian County, Anhui Province), he rebelled and colluded with Qian Qin and Qian Qin. Not only did the imperial court dare not investigate the responsibility of Huan Wen's defeat, but it also ordered his servant Lohan to treat Huan Wen with ox wine in Yang Shan, and appointed his son Huan Xi as the secretariat of Yuzhou. Later, Huan Wen moved to Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu).

In February of the fifth year of Taihe (370), Yuan Zhen died of illness, and the auxiliary departments made their son Jin Yuan the secretariat of Yuzhou. , Qin both arise and save, Huan Wen Zhu Yao, led the troops to play. Yan Jun went first and fought Zhu Yao in Wuqiu (now southeast of Shenqiu, Henan Province). Introduction to Huan Wen, the result was defeated. In August of the same year, Huan Wen led twenty thousand troops to capture Shouchun and built a long siege. Jin Yuan had to stick to Baby City.

In the sixth year of Taihe (37 1), Wang Jian, a former Qin general, led the troops to rescue him, but was defeated by Huan Yi and Huan Shiqian (nephew of Huan Wen), the Ministry of Huan Wen. Soon, Huan Wen broke Shouchun, captured Jin Yuan alive, and sent Jin Yuan, Zhu Fu and dozens of their clans to Jiankang for beheading. Jin Yuan's wife and daughter were rewarded to soldiers, and hundreds of begging soldiers were buried alive. From then on, Yuzhou completely fell into the hands of Huan Wen. Huan Wen has mastered the key to health.

Abolish the emperor and bully.

Huan Wen is conceited and talented, and has long cherished different ambitions. So he launched the Northern Expedition, hoping to make meritorious deeds first, and then return to the DPRK to accept Jiuxi, so as to seize power. However, due to the failure of the third Northern Expedition, the reputation was greatly reduced and the plot failed. After the Battle of Shouchun, Huan Wen once asked Chi Chao: "Can this victory be reported as the defeat of an army?" Yunchao said no, and suggested that Huan Wen should follow the example of Yi Yin and Huo Guang, abolish the emperor and re-establish authority. Huan Wen decided to depose the emperor Sima Yi.

In November of the 6th year of Taihe (37 1), Huan Wen led troops into the DPRK, threatening Empress Chu to abolish Sima Yi's throne. He lied that Sima Yi was infertile because of impotence, and let his minions Xiang Long, Ji Hao, Zhu and others have an affair with the harem beauty. His three sons will pretend to be princes and build stores as kings. Empress Chu had to summon courtiers and depose Sima Yi as the king of the East China Sea. Then, Huan Wen personally led hundreds of officials to Huiji Wang Di, welcomed Sima Yi into the palace and made him emperor for the sake of Jin and Yuan Xian 'an.

The Jin Dynasty was established more than 100 years ago and has never been abolished. Huan Wen's act of abolishing legislation not only made officials shudder, but also made them nervous. Fu Jian, the former emperor of Qin Dynasty, did not agree with this. He said: "Huan Wen was defeated by Pakistani businessmen before, and now it is defeated by Fangtou, which has hit the national army twice in fifteen years. Instead of reflecting on his mistakes, he apologized to the people and even deposed the monarch. How can the world tolerate itself when a 60-year-old man introduces Huan Wen like this? "

Destroy dissidents

After the abolition of Huan Wen, the alien forces in North Korea were greatly abolished.

Wang Sima Xi of Wuling loves martial arts and occupies an important position in the DPRK, which has always been taboo for Huan Wen. Huan Wen impeached Sima Qian, dismissed Sima Qian and his sons, Sima Zong and Sima Fang, and sent them back to the fief. Later, Huan Wen forced Sima Huang, the new king of Cai, to surrender, saying that he rebelled with Sima Yi, Sima Zong, Zhu Zuolang Yin Juan, Taiqian, Sanqichang Rou and others, and gave them Tingwei, so please punish them. Jian Wendi forbids it. In the end, Sima Yi and Sima Huang were abolished as Shu Ren, while Yin Juan, Yu Qian and Yu Rou were all ruled by clans. The Yu family in Yingchuan is a powerful aristocratic family. Yu, Yu Qian and other six brothers are all powerful people in the DPRK, and they are deeply taboo by Huan Wen. After Yu Qian was punished, he killed himself by drinking poison to quench his thirst, and Yu, his brother and son fled to Maling (now Taizhou, Jiangsu) when they were young. Wu Shen, the secretariat of Qingzhou, is Yuxi's cousin and secretly supplies him with food. Yu Youren interceded because his daughter-in-law, Huan Shi, was Huan Wen's niece, and was finally spared.

In the second year of Xian 'an (372), Huan Wen learned of the trail of Yuxi brothers and sent troops to search for them. Yu Xisui and Chun Wu, the son of Wu Shen, gathered at the seaside to hijack the ship, broke into the Jingkou by night and drove Bian Dan, the satrap of Jinling, away. They opened the prison, released hundreds of prisoners, distributed weapons and announced that they were ordered to get rid of Huan Wen. Bian Dan fled to Qu 'a (now Danyang, Jiangsu) and recruited 2000 soldiers from various counties and townships to fight Yuxi. Yuxi was defeated and retreated to the city. Huan Wen also ordered the East China Sea satrap Zhou to conquer. Zhou Sunshao conquered Jingkou and captured Yuxi and others. Finally, Yu, Yu's sons and nephews and everyone else were beheaded in Jiankang.

In addition to his death, Huan Wen was in full swing. When the servant Xie An saw him, he bowed at a distance and even called him their relationship. Although Jian Wendi became emperor, he was just a puppet. He often worried about being deposed by Huan Wen, and even asked whether Chi Chao and Huan Wen would be deposed again. Chi Chao assured his family that there would be no more coup, and Jian Wendi breathed a sigh of relief.

Refuse to enter North Korea

Shortly after Jian Wendi succeeded to the throne, he made Huan Wen the prime minister and left him in the capital to assist the government. Huan Wen refused to accept his resignation and led his army back to Baishi (now Dangtu West, Anhui Province). Later, the servant Wang was sent to woo Huan Wen, asking him to join the auxiliary government of North Korea and increase the number of households in the city. Huan Wen refused again.

In July of the second year of Xian 'an (372), Jian Wendi was seriously ill. He called Huan Wen back to Korea and sent four letters a day and a night. Huan Wen still refuses to enter the DPRK. Jian Wendi had to pass the testamentary edict, let Huan Wen regent, follow the example of Duke Zhou. However, according to the old example of Zhuge Liang and Wang Dao, the king of Fuzheng advocated changing the "Regent" in the testamentary edict to "Fuzheng". Jian Wendi will die soon. Huan Wen thought that when Jian Wendi died, he would give himself a Zen position or become a regent, but now he is disappointed and resentful.

After Jian Wendi's death, ministers were afraid of Huan Wen and dared not establish a prince. They all think that Huan Wen should decide. Wang Biao was strongly opposed by his ministers, and Prince Sima Yao succeeded to the throne because of his filial piety to Emperor Wu. Empress Chu thought that Emperor Xiaowu was young and in mourning, and once again proposed that Huan Wen should be regent, but Wang Biao stopped her. Later, Emperor Xiaowu appointed Xie Suihuan Wen as an assistant minister and encouraged him to give sixty people to Wu Ben. Huan Wen still resigned, neither accepting nor entering the DPRK.

Be seriously ill and die

In February of the first year of Kangning (373), Huan Wen led troops into the DPRK to pay a visit to the imperial tomb. At that time, there were rumors in Beijing that he would come to Beijing to overthrow Xie Wang and the rulers. The court ordered Xie An and Wang to lead hundreds of officials to the new pavilion (now Nanjing West) to meet the enemy, and they bowed by the roadside. I panicked in the middle of the court. However, Huan Wen only took "Lu Quan entered the palace" as an example to levy Tingwei on Prime Minister Lu. Soon, Huan Wen fell ill and went back to her aunt. He only stayed in Beijing for fourteen days.

After Huan Wen returned to her aunt, her condition became more and more serious, but she still forced the court to give her nine tin, and sent someone to urge her many times. Xie An and Wang Jian Huan Wen were seriously ill, so they ordered him to revise the tin written on the grounds that it was not good to delay. In July of the same year, Aunt Huan Wen died at the age of 62. So far, Wen Xi has not finished. The imperial court posthumously awarded Huan Wen as Prime Minister, and posthumous title Xuanwu. According to Anping's old practice of offering Sima Fu and Huo Guang as kings, the funeral also presented nine treasures, including a phoenix and a yellow house.

After Huan Wen's death, he handed over the relieving to his younger brother Huan Chong, and Nanjun was sealed by his youngest son Huan Xuan. Prince Huan Xi refused to accept it, so he killed Huan Chong with his uncle Huan Mi and his brother Huan Ji. As a result, Huan Chong found that they were all exiled to Changsha. In November of the second year of Yuan Xing (403), Huan Xuan proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Jin, established Huanchu, and honored Huan Wen as Emperor Xuanwu, with the temple name of Taizu and Yong chongling.