Looking for exercises and answers for Xiaoshitanji, as well as analysis of difficult points.

Original text

Walking a hundred and twenty paces from Xiaoqiu to the west, across the bamboo poles, heard the sound of water, like a ring, and felt very happy. After cutting bamboo, we took the road and saw a small pool at the bottom. The water was especially clear and cold. The whole stone is considered to be the bottom, and when it is near the shore, the stone is rolled up to form a rock. The green trees and vines are swaying, and the ginseng (cēn) difference (cī) is draped.

There are hundreds of fish in the pond, but they all seem to be swimming in the air and have nothing to rely on. The sun is shining clearly, and the shadows are spread on the rocks, but they are motionless; they are far away, and they come and go, as if they are enjoying themselves with the tourists.

Looking to the southwest of the pond, you can see the twists and turns of snakes, and you can see the light and death. The situation on the shore is so different that the source of it is unknown.

Sitting on the pool, surrounded by bamboo trees, it was so lonely and desolate that no one was around, it was so desolate that my soul was bone-chilling, quiet and desolate. Because the place was too clear to live in for a long time, I remembered it and left.

The fellow travelers were Wu Wuling, Gong (gōng) Gu, and Yu’s younger brother Zongxuan. Li (lì) and those who follow, Cui's Erxiaosheng: said to forgive oneself, said to serve one.

[Edit this paragraph] Notes

1. West: (noun as adverbial) to the west

2. Huang (huáng) bamboo: bamboo in the forest , that is, the bamboo forest.

3. Ruming Peihuan: It is like the sound made by the jade pendants and jade rings worn by people touching each other. Peihuan: jade ornaments, all jade ornaments tied around the waist. Ming: to make a sound

4. Le: meaning usage, the single word is translated as...for joy, and the sentence is translated as like.

5. Take: This refers to opening up.

6. Qinglie: Clear.

7. Down: below.

8. See: reveal, reveal.

9. The whole stone is the bottom: (Tan) uses the whole stone as the bottom. To: become; act.

10. Nearshore: a place close to the shore. Near, close.

11. Roll up the bottom of the stone to get out: Some parts of the bottom of the stone are rolled over and above the water.

12. Weidi, yu, 偁, yan: it becomes di, yu, 偁, rock and other different shapes. Di: high ground in the water. Yu: small island.偁: Rough rocks.

Di, high ground in the water.

13. Green trees and green vines, swaying and swaying in the wind: Green trees and green vines cover, twine, sway, connect, are uneven, and drift in the wind.

14. Kebai Xutou: There are about a hundred of them. May: Approximately. Xu: Approximate words, up and down, indicating an uncertain number, left and right.

15. They all seem to be swimming in the air with nothing to rely on (like there is no water at all).

16. The sunlight shines brightly, and the shadow is spread on the stone: The sunlight shines directly to the bottom of the water, and the shadow of the fish is reflected on the stone. Cloth: Reflection, distribution.

17. Still motionless: (fish shadow) motionless. Wei Ran, with a dazed look.

18. Chu Er passed away: suddenly he swam away into the distance. Chuer, suddenly.

19. Come and go suddenly: come and go briskly and quickly

20. Fighting and twisting, the light and death are visible: like the Big Dipper, twisting and turning like a snake crawling, a section can be seen , an invisible section; Dipper: like the Big Dipper; Snake: like a snake crawling

21. Canine teeth: (canine teeth, noun as adverbial) as jagged as a dog's teeth.

22. Unknowable: Don’t know

23. Desolate and cold, quiet and profound: I feel desolate, cold to the bones, extremely quiet and profound. Quietly melancholy, so silent that it makes people feel sad. Profound, deep. Sad: makes... miserable. Cold: (Usage of verb) To make... cold.

24 Its environment is too clear: because its environment is too desolate. Qing: desolate, deserted.

25. Residence: Stay. Of: The scenery of Dai Xiaoshitan

26. Wu Wuling: A native of Xinzhou (today’s Fengjie area of ????Chongqing), Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty was a Jinshi in the Yuanhe period, and was demoted due to crimes. Yongzhou, friendly with the author.

27. A follower: a follower. Li: Follow. And: the tables are parallel. From: to follow, verb.

28. Xiaosheng: teenager, young man.

[Edit this paragraph] Translation

Walking one hundred and twenty steps west from the hill, you can hear the sound of water through a bamboo forest, like jade pendants or rings hanging on your body. The sounds that collide with each other make my heart feel happy because of this (sound). Cut down the bamboo and create a path. Walking down, you can see a small pool with particularly clear water. The small pool has a complete stone as the bottom, close to the shore. Some parts of the stone bottom are rolled up above the water, forming highlands, small islands and other stones of different shapes in the water. Green trees, green vines, (branches and vines) cover, twine, shake, and connect. Jagged and drifting in the wind.

There are about a hundred fish in the pond, and they all seem to be floating in the air, without support. The sun shines downwards, directly into the bottom of the pool, and the shadow of the fish is reflected on the stone, motionless; suddenly it swims away into the distance again. They come and go briskly and quickly, as if they are amusing each other with the tourists.

Looking to the southwest of the pool, (the shore of the source) is as twists and turns as the Big Dipper, and also as curved as a crawling snake, appearing and disappearing for a while. (The source of Xiaotan, here refers to the creek) The situation on both sides of the river is intertwined like a dog's teeth, and its source cannot be seen.

I sat on ShiTan glanced bamboo trees, surrounded by trees, silent and no one else, I feel mind and desolate, bloom fragrantly to my bones. The environment is quiet and deep, filled with an atmosphere of sadness. Since this place was too deserted to stay for a long time, I wrote down the scene and left.

The people traveling with me include Wu Wuling, Gong Gu, and my younger brother Zongxuan. As our entourage, there were two young men named Cui: one was named Shuji and the other was named Fengyi.

[Edit this paragraph] Writing background

Liu Zongyuan was demoted to Yongzhou Sima by the emperor for supporting Wang Shuwen's reforms in the first year of Yongzhen reign of Emperor Shunzong of Tang Dynasty (805 AD), and Wang Shuwen was killed. Political frustration led him to place his affection on mountains and rivers, and through detailed descriptions of scenery, he expressed his sad and miserable thoughts and feelings that he could not dispatch after being demoted, and became a model for later generations to write landscape travel notes. During this period, he wrote eight famous landscape travel notes, later known as "Eight Notes of Yongzhou". In the first article "Shide Xishan Banquet Travel Notes", the author described his mood at that time: "I have been killing people since I was born, and I live in this state, and I am always worried about Li."

After Liu Zongyuan was demoted, in order to resolve his inner feelings Feeling sad and desolate, I often avoid faraway places, cut bamboos to take roads, and explore mountains and rivers. Fortunately, the nature of Yongzhou treated him well. There were many strange and strange pools, hills, stone canals, and mountain streams, which were so beautiful. "The Journey to Xishan Banquet" and "The Story of the Cobalt Lake", "The Story of the West Xiaoqiu of the Cobalt Lake", "The Story of the Xiaoshitan West of the Xiaoqiu", "The Story of the Yuan Family's Thirst", "The Story of the Stone Canal", "The Story of the Stone Stream" " and "Little Rock City Mountain Notes" are also known as the Eight Notes of Yongzhou

Appreciation

Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes have a unique position in the history of Chinese literature. The most famous among them are "The Journey to Xishan Banquet in Shide", "The Story of Cobalt Lake", "The Story of West Xiaoqiu of Cobalt Lake", "The Story of Xiaoshitan West of Xiaoqiu" and "The Story of Yuan Family's Thirst" written after he was demoted to Yongzhou. "The Story of Shiqu", "The Story of Stone Stream", and "The Story of Xiaoshicheng Mountain", these works are collectively called "Eight Records of Yongzhou". These works show the beautiful landscapes at the turn of Hunan and Guangxi in a gallery style, inheriting and developing the tradition of Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu". "Shui Jing Zhu" is a geography book, with more objective descriptions of scenery and less expression of subjective emotions. Liu Zongyuan's landscape travel notes integrate his life experience, thoughts and feelings into the description of natural scenery, and put the author himself into the picture. He uses the beautiful scenery abandoned in remote areas to express his misfortunes and pour out his resentment and depression. .

After this freeze-frame, we can see that the fish in the pond "disappear far away, coming and going, seeming to be enjoying themselves with the tourists." Fish is so humane, which touched the author's feelings. Here, the word "乐" is worth noting. Due to the setback of the reform, the author was demoted to a distant place. His mental burden was heavy and he was in extreme trouble and depression. Why can we be "happy"? It's because I left the troubled officialdom, a place of right and wrong, and found such a quiet place here. Seeing the fish swimming in contentment, my soul was purified and restored. The clarity of the water and the joy of the fish finally brought a moment of joy to this broken-hearted essayist. Quiet Kagura is the main theme of the first half of this essay. The reality is grim. In this environment "surrounded by bamboo trees, lonely, desolate, and soul-crushing," the author felt that "the environment is too pure to live in for a long time."

After all, happiness is temporary, but sadness is eternal. Facing this primitive melancholy scene, it may make the author feel more uncomfortable, or it may arouse the author's desolate associations, thus forming a substantial decline in emotion from "joyful" to "sad". The symptoms of this landslide are also immediate. I feel that this place cannot be stayed for a long time and I leave quickly. I feel desolate, cold and creepy. This prose has always been praised as a masterpiece. The reason why it can become a masterpiece can be summarized as follows: first, the author dares to choose the unknown small stone pool among the piles of rocks as the object of the travel notes, which shows that the author has extraordinary artistic courage; second, the author is writing about the scenery of the small stone pool He is able to freely integrate his own feelings at all times, and the scenery changes with the mood, naturally forming a sad artistic realm. This is a manifestation of the author's superb artistic wisdom and artistic skills. Admittedly, in the final analysis, there is still one thing. For a person like the author, he happened to encounter such a piece of pure land, hit it off and became one. It was really a blessing from God and a blessing from the scenery.

When watching fish in "Little Rock Pond", it is written that the fish "seem to enjoy themselves with the tourists", which also reflects the author's joyful feelings when he first appreciates the beautiful scenery. After watching the fish, sitting on the pool, I felt that the scenery was "desolate and chilling, quiet and profound", which is also a reflection of the author's depression and sadness. The article reads "Happiness". Hearing the sound of running water "like a ring" makes him "happy"; seeing the fish "coming and going" makes him feel "like enjoying himself with the swimmers". But the good times did not last long, and soon I felt these "green trees and green vines" and "cold bones", and felt in my heart that "the environment was too pure", so I left in a hurry. The joy and sorrow are thought-provoking. This is because Liu Zongyuan participated in the reform, failed and was demoted, and he was very angry. Therefore, misery was the keynote of his emotions, and he devoted himself to landscapes to get rid of this depressed mood; but this kind of "joy" is temporary after all. Triggered by the desolate environment, sadness and desolate mood will be revealed.

[Edit this paragraph] Text study

After-class exercises exploration

1. In what order is this article written? What characteristics of "Little Stone Pool" are highlighted in the article?

This article describes the scenes and emotions in the order of travel. The article highlights the characteristics of "Little Stone Pool" with its all-stone bottom, clear water, lively fish, twists and turns, and desolate environment.

This article is written in the order of the trip: Discovering the small pool - the scenery in the pool - the source of the small pool - the atmosphere in the pool

Discovering the small pool - "the joy of the heart" (Pleasurable mood) When watching the fish - "It seems like enjoying the pleasure of the swimmers" (Pleasurable mood) After watching the fish - "The soul is cold and the bones are cold, quiet and profound" (Depressed and sad mood) It can be seen that the author borrows landscapes Seeking relief but ultimately unable to escape the pain. His love for landscapes was also to get rid of his depression. The too cold environment at this moment aroused his "desolate and chilling, quiet and profound" emotions.

2. What is the overall picture of Xiaoshitan? What are the characteristics of the fish swimming in the pond and the water in the pond? How does the author describe the clear water in the second paragraph?

The author describes the clarity of the pond water from the perspectives of swimming fish, sunlight, and shadows. It is written through specific scenery, still and moving pictures, without any abstract explanation. There is not a single word about water in the whole paragraph. It just paints a picture, but water is everywhere.

You see the fish swimming in the water, as if they are floating in the air without any support. This describes the clearness of the water, so clear that it seems to be transparent; when the sun shines down, the shadows of the fish fall on the stones at the bottom of the pool. , which further shows the clarity of the pool water.

3. What is there on the pool?

Clear water, strange rocks, luxuriant trees, happy fish, and quiet environment

4. Wang Guowei wrote in "Human Words" that "all scenery words are words of love." You Can you tell how the author felt when watching the fish? How did you feel at the end of browsing? Why does he have such a state of mind? (How do you explain the meaning of "joy" and "worry"?)

The author failed to participate in the reform and was demoted, and he felt resentful. Therefore, misery was the main theme of his emotions, and the purpose of expressing his love for the landscape was to get rid of this. Feeling depressed and seeking short-term happiness. He likes the crisp and sweet sound of water, so he is "happy in his heart". When watching fish, he feels that the fish seem to be enjoying themselves with the tourists, and he feels happy; but this happiness is temporary after all. Seeing the desolate environment of Xiaoshitan, he can't help but When you touch the scene and feel sad, your sad and desolate mood will naturally show up, and you will feel extremely sad in your heart. This can be seen from the "loneliness and no one, the desolate spirit and cold bones, the quiet melancholy and profoundness".

5. In the first paragraph of this article, what techniques are used to describe the general appearance of Xiaoshitan; in the second paragraph, what techniques are used to describe the pond water and swimming fish; in the third paragraph, the source and shore conditions of the pond are described , what words do you have?

The first paragraph adopts the technique of changing scenery step by step, and the second paragraph changes to a combination of dynamic and static writing. Figure of speech: Metaphor. In the third paragraph, the author felt uncomfortable when faced with this primitive melancholy scene, which may have aroused the author's desolate associations. It emphasizes the author's desolate mood in a lonely situation.

6. The clear and sweet sound of water is written in the article: Walking a hundred and twenty steps from Xiaoqiu to the west, across a bamboo forest, he heard the sound of water, like the sound of a garlanded ring, and felt very happy

In the text Sentences that describe the clear and transparent water from the side: The sun shines brightly, and the shadows are spread on the rocks, motionless; Having fun with tourists

A sentence describing the twists and turns of a stream: Its banks are so different that its source cannot be known.

7. Why did the author name this unknown small pool "Little Rock Pool"? (Analyze the author's state of mind when he was demoted, and compare it with the content of the article)

Answer: Because the bottom of the Tan is made of stones, and the article says "roll the bottom of the stone to come out" and "the whole stone is thought to be "Bottom", so this pool was named Xiaoshitan.

8. The purpose of this article: This article describes the rocks, water, fish, and trees in Xiaoshitan, deliberately rendering the lonely, desolate, and profound atmosphere, and expresses the author's relegation to this place. The sad and desolate mood in a lonely situation, the loneliness and desolation of being relegated to life.

9. Based on the reality of life, talk about why the water in Xiaoshitan is so clear?

Because there are fish activities, the protection of the surrounding trees, and the small stone pool is living water, the small pool has a whole stone as the bottom

10. The sentences expressing joy in the story of the small stone pool are: .

The joy of the heart is like having fun with tourists

11. When describing the source of the small pool, what characteristics of the river bank did the author focus on? What rhetorical techniques were used?

It is written by grasping the twists and turns of the stream and the unevenness of the bank, using metaphorical rhetoric. As for the stream itself, the author describes it as twisting and turning like the Big Dipper, which is static; as for the stream water, the author describes it as twisting and turning like a snake, which is flowing. Two metaphors are used here, one static and one moving to describe the creek, which accurately captures the characteristics of the scenery.

12. Please tell us how you discovered Xiaoshitan in your own words?

From the hillock to the bamboo, from the bamboo to the sound of water, and then cut a trail in the dense bamboo forest, and then find the small Tan.

13. Please tell me the beauty of the sentence "There are hundreds of fish in the pond, but they all seem to be swimming in space and have nothing to rely on"?

The swimming fish is written on the front, and the clear and transparent water of the pond is written on the side.

The text only mentions fish and does not mention water at all, but the beautiful picture of clear water and calm fish is displayed in front of the readers.

14. At the beginning of the article, it is written "happy", and at the end it is written "quietly sad and profound". It seems difficult to describe one joy and one worry. How should we understand it?

Joy is another form of worry. Liu Zongyuan participated in the reform, failed and was demoted, and was filled with resentment. Therefore, misery was the main theme of his emotions, and his love for landscapes was precisely to get rid of this depressive mood; but this kind of joy is temporary after all, once triggered by the desolate environment , the sad and desolate mood will be revealed again.

15. Please find your favorite sentence from the text and explain why. (3 points)

Answer: Example: Sentence: Still motionless; fleeting and far away, coming and going in a flash

Reason: These sentences describe swimming fish, combining movement and stillness, and fully It shows the interest of swimming fish; it also indirectly expresses the clarity of the water in Xiaoshitan.

16. In order to develop tourism, the local area plans to develop the Xiaoshitan scenic spot. Please write an introduction to the scenic spot based on the content of the article.

Example: Xiaoshitan is located 120 steps southwest of the hill. It has beautiful rocks, clear water, swimming fish, and is surrounded by bamboo trees. The environment is very beautiful. It is a good place for sightseeing and pleasant mood. Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, once came here and wrote the beautiful prose "The Story of Xiaoshitan" that has been passed down through the ages. Xiaoshitan is famous for this.

17. The scenery description in the fourth paragraph of the selected article is very precise. Please share your understanding based on the author's experience.

This description of the scenery not only describes the desolate environment of Xiaoshitan, but also hints at the author's miserable state of mind after being demoted.

18. In ancient poetry, there are many famous sentences that integrate thoughts and emotions into the description of natural scenery like this article. Please write down your favorite two connected sentences and briefly appreciate them.

Example: The mountains disappear with the plains, and the rivers are flooded with people.

Use the words "sui" and "enter" to connect the four images of "mountain", "river", "half wilderness" and "wilderness" to draw a majestic picture of the Yangtze River, expressing the The poet feels homesickness as he moves further away from home and becomes more and more nostalgic.

19. This article is a landscape travel note that uses scenery to express emotions. Let’s try to talk about the author’s different moods when watching fish and at the end of the tour.

The different moods when watching fish and at the end of the tour, one happy and one sad, seem incompatible. In this article, misery is the main theme of the author's emotions. The author relies on landscapes just to get rid of his depressed mood, but once this temporary joy is triggered by the desolate environment, the sadness and desolation will emerge again.

20. In what aspects does the first paragraph describe the characteristics of Xiaoshitan?

Four aspects: (1) The water is extremely clear; (2) The bottom is made of a single piece of stone; (3) The rocks on the bank are of different shapes; (4) The green trees and vines on the bank are extremely lush , beautiful and colorful.

21. In the second paragraph, what characteristics does the author write about Tanshui? What method was used?

Write out the characteristics of clear water in the pond. This is highlighted by the fact that the fish is "swimming in the air and has nothing to rely on", its "shadow is spread on the rocks" and visitors can clearly see the fish's activities in the water.

22. What are the characteristics of the creek southwest of Tan?

It is twists and turns, hidden and hidden by the terrain and vegetation on both sides.

23. From listening to the sound of water, "my heart is filled with joy", seeing fish swimming "seemingly enjoying themselves with tourists" to sitting on the pool and feeling "desolate and chilling, quietly melancholy and profound", what kind of emotional changes does the author express?

Hearing the pleasant sound of water, seeing the beautiful small stone pool, and admiring the beautiful fish, the author felt happy and temporarily forgot his worries and frustrations. However, the deep silence of the scene in front of him made him feel desolate and unbearable. .

Classical Chinese Phenomenon

1. Inflection of Parts of Speech

1. Walking a hundred and twenty steps west from Xiaoqiu noun as adverbial west: to the west

2. The noun for seeing the small pool below is used as an adverbial: downwards

3. The noun used for adverbials is empty: in the air

3. The noun for "under the sun" is used as an adverbial Under the adverbial: downward

5. The noun used as an adverbial for "俶er" is far away: toward the distance

6. The noun used as an adverbial for "looking southwest of the pool" southwest: to the southwest

7. The noun used as adverbial Dou Zhe snake: like the Big Dipper

The noun used as adverbial snake: like a snake (crawling)

8. Its shores are different from each other. Noun as adverbial canine: like a dog's teeth.

9. The use method of Qishen Hangu is Qi: to make... desolate

The use of method Han: to make... feel cold

10. Ruming Pendant Ring The use of Fa Ming: sound

11. The meaning of happiness is the use of Fa Le: to take pleasure in...

12. The near shore adjective is used as the verb near: close

13. The noun of the person who is subordinate is used as the verb Li: follow.

2. The word has multiple meanings

1. Le (1) The connotative usage of the adjective of "pleasure" (to take pleasure in...)

(2) It seems to be having fun with tourists (amusing)

2. But (1) there can be hundreds of fish in the pond (about)

(2) It cannot stay for a long time ( able)

3. Clear (1) The water is particularly clear (clear)

(2) Because of its clearness (feels desolate)

4. From (1) Walk west from Xiaoqiu a hundred and twenty paces (from)

(2) To follow (follow)

5. To (1) to pass the Qing Dynasty (because )

(2) Roll the bottom of the stone to get it out (equivalent to and, untranslated, a word connecting two verbs)

(3) Use the whole stone as the bottom (used for)

6. And (1) remember it and go (not translated, a word connecting two verbs)

(2) follow it (not translated, indicating a parallel relationship)

(3) Looking southwest of the pond (not translated, used as a pause)

7. Difference (1) unevenly draped (different lengths)

(2 ) The shore conditions are different (staggered)

8. See (1) See the small pool below (discover)

(2) Brightness and extinction can be seen (see)

9. Traveling (1) It’s like traveling in the air with no one to rely on (swimming)

(2) Traveling with others (touring)

3. Different meanings in ancient and modern times

1. Just remember it and leave (go, ancient meaning: leave. Modern meaning: go.)

2. Cui’s Erxiaosheng (xiaosheng, ancient meaning: youth, later life. Modern meaning: go) : A role in the art of opera.)

3. Smell the sound of water (wen, ancient meaning: to hear. Modern meaning: to smell the smell with the nose.)

4. Not allowed Stay for a long time (ju, ancient meaning: stay. Today’s meaning: live.)

5. There are hundreds of fish in the pond (ke, ancient meaning: about. Today’s meaning: adverb.)

Special sentence patterns

Inverted sentences:

1. Ruming Peihuan (correct word order: Rupeihuanming)

2. Quanshi thinks that Bottom (correct word order: use the whole stone as the bottom)

3. Roll the bottom of the stone to come out (correct word order: roll the bottom of the stone to come out)

Rhetorical technique:

1. The sound of water sounds like a ring. (Metaphor)

2. Going back and forth seems to be having fun with tourists. (Anthropomorphic)

3. Their shores are different from each other, and the source is unknown.