Introduction of Bai Gui's Classical Chinese

1. Introduction to Bai Gui's "The Way of Doing Business" "The Way of Doing Business in Bai Gui" is a classical Chinese saying that Bai Gui was from the Western Zhou Dynasty. When Wei Wenhou was in office, Li Kui of Wei devoted himself to exerting the productive capacity of the land, while Bai Gui liked to observe the changes of the market and the prosperity of the year, so when the goods were sold at low prices, he bought them; When the prices of goods are not high, he sells them. When the grain is ripe, he buys grain and sells silk and paintings; When the cocoon is formed, he buys silk and cotton and sells grain. He understood that when Tai Sui was in power, the grain was abundant; It is not good to change the year. Tai sui is in the noon palace, and there will be a drought; Just another year. When Tai sui is in the unitary position, the grain is abundant; It will get worse the next year. When I acceded to the throne at the old age, there was a great drought. It will be fine and rainy next year. When he returned to his peak, he hoarded about twice as much goods as usual. In order to increase his income, he bought inferior grain; In order to increase the capacity of the millet barrel, he went to buy the best grain. He can not pay attention to eating and drinking, control hobbies, save clothes, share joys and sorrows with hired slaves, and not chase favorable opportunities as quickly as wild animals catch food. Therefore, he said, "* * * Getting rich in business is like Yi Yin and Lu Shang plotting strategies, Sun Tzu and Wu Qi fighting, and Shang Yang reforming. Therefore, if a person's wisdom is not enough to improvise, courage is not enough to make bold decisions, benevolence and virtue cannot be correctly chosen, and strength cannot be adhered to. Although he wants to learn my business skills to get rich, I will not teach him after all. " Therefore, everyone in the world talks about ways to get rich by doing business, and takes Bai Gui as an example. Bai Gui is probably trying, trying and achieving something, which can't be done casually.

2. What is the classical Chinese translation of "Bai Gui Zhongshan"? Tu Shu, a surname of the State of Jin, saw the turmoil in the State of Jin and was arrogant and immoral. He fled to Zhou with the laws and books in charge.

Duke Wei of Zhou received him and asked him, "Which country died first in the world?" Tu Shu replied, "Jin died first." When Duke Wei of Zhou asked what the reason was, Tu Shu replied, "I used to be in the State of Jin, but I didn't dare to tell anyone. I'm just suggesting that the weather in Duke Xiang of Jin is abnormal, and the sun, moon and stars don't conform to the law.

He said, "Why?" I also hinted that all his people were unfair and everyone was complaining. He said, "Why?" I also hinted that neighboring countries would not submit to us, and virtuous people would not come out to be officials. He said,' What's the reason?' So, he doesn't know why he died.

So I said that the state of Jin died first. "Three years later, gold really perished.

Duke Wei of Zhou accepted Uncle Tu again and asked him, "Who was the second to perish?" Tu Shu replied: "Zhongshan is the second country to perish." When Duke Wei of Zhou asked why, Uncle Tu replied, "God created all peoples and made them have class differences. This is the foundation of mankind. This is different from animals and elk, and it is also the reason why monarchs and subjects are different from each other.

The ethos of Zhongshan is to regard day as night and night as day. Men and women are intimate, have no rest, and indulge in pleasure. There are often sad sounds in songs, but I don't know them. This is a sign of national subjugation. That's why I said the two wonders of Zhongshan. "

Two years later, Sun Yat-sen really died. Duke Wei of Zhou received Tu Shu again and asked him, "Who will perish next?" Uncle Tu didn't answer.

Zhou Gong Wei asked again and again, and he replied, "You are next." Zhou Wei, fearing chaos in the world, looked around for respected domestic sages. Then find a branch, Yi Tian, and take it with courtesy; I also sought Shiqian and Zhao Yong as admonishers. He made thirty-nine harsh sentences and told Uncle Tu.

Uncle Tu replied, "Can this save you?" He also said: "I heard that the country is rich and the people are strong, and God will send sages and outspoken people; When the country dies, God will surrender the people and flatter them. " After the death of Duke Wei of Zhou, the body was not buried for nine months, so Zhou was divided into two parts.

Therefore, people who have the means have to pay attention to it. Zhou Ding is engraved with a gluttonous beast with only a head but no body. If you don't swallow it when eating people, you will harm yourself and serve as a warning to the world.

The same is true of doing bad things. Bai Gui went to Zhongshan, and the monarch of Zhongshan wanted to keep him. Bai Gui insisted on leaving and left by bus.

When he arrived in the state of Qi again, the king of Qi wanted to keep him and asked him to be an official. He left again. Asked why, he said, "Both countries I went to will die.

I learned five things. What are the five wonders? They are: don't go to a country that loves to say "yes", where integrity is lost; Don't go to a country that pursues fame and profit, where it is not worthy of the name; Don't go to countries that flaunt love, where family ties are gone; People who leave have no food, people who live have no food, and their property is gone; You can't use people, let alone use people for your own use.

Countries with this "five exhaustion" are bound to perish. This is true of Zhongshan and Qi. "

If King Zhongshan and King Qi heard this "five wonders" and corrected them, they would not perish. I'm not worried that they won't hear it, and even if they do, they won't believe it.

The task of being a monarch is to be good at listening to opinions. It is useless to cede territory to Zhao many times and mobilize all the troops to resist the enemy of Jihe River.

It was they who gave up their survival and led to their demise. Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is a masterpiece compiled by a group of scholars under the auspices of the Prime Minister of Qin State. It is based on Confucianism, Taoism, fame, law, ink, agriculture, soldiers, yin and yang, and is the representative work of Qin Taoism. Written on the eve of Qin Shihuang's unification of China.

The book is divided into 26 volumes, 160 articles, with more than 200,000 words.

3. Helped to translate a classical Chinese text "Yang Zui, the word in the temple". Zheng De, a flood shooter, taught Yang Zui in the twelfth year, the word in the temple.

This is a flood shooter. In the twelfth year of Zheng De, he was admitted to Jinshi.

Be appointed Minister of Industry. I went to Shanxi to pay the rent tax in arrears, and I sympathize with the poverty of the people.

He came back without inviting the emperor. Leo Lee impeached him, and the emperor ordered him to go.

Yang Zui and Yu Shi Niu Tianlin tried their best to explain the poverty situation of the poor and asked for an extension of the collection. The emperor agreed to his request.

Successive card shark. He used to control the floods in the Huaihe River and the Yangtze River.

Just as Sejong advised the emperor when he acceded to the throne: "Baoying Shuguang Lake is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, and the ship only needs to travel more than 30 miles from the lake. The dam in the northeast is only three feet above the water. When it rains and winds, it will burst, affecting the transportation of ships, and the fertile fields of Cheng Jian, Xinghua, Tongzhou and Taizhou will all suffer disasters.

Just like Bai Gui's construction of Gaoyou Jikang Lake levee, ministers should be specially appointed to build inland rivers and heighten the old levee as an outer barrier, so as to ensure that there will be no flood in a hundred years. This is an excellent countermeasure. Secondly, planting multiple wooden stakes along the river can stop the storm to a certain extent and increase the thickness of the old dike, which will not be too low and can also support for many years.

If you just plug the gaps and gaps, I hope there will be no accidents for the time being, and it will rain heavily. If it accumulates into a big wave, there will be no countermeasures. "

After analysis and study, the Ministry of Industry decided to adopt his second suggestion. Later, he became the magistrate of Ningbo.

It is very convenient for the people to ask the emperor to allow the people in eastern Zhejiang to stop paying their property and order them to use silver instead. After many promotions, he was appointed as a provincial judge in Guizhou and later became a servant in North Korea.

Ming Shizong loved immortals, and Gu Cunren, AG and Wang Nayan were all convicted for making rude remarks. There happened to be an alchemist named Duan Chaoyong who, relying on Guo Xun, dedicated more than 100 pieces of platinum utensils he made to the emperor, saying that with this, he could invite immortals.

The emperor immediately called him to talk, and he was very happy. Duan Chaoyong said: The emperor lives in the deep palace and should not be in contact with outsiders.

Will be refined into gold and get the medicine of immortality. The emperor was even happier and ordered the minister to let the prince supervise the affairs of state. "I will retire for a year or two and then manage state affairs as before."

The audience was shocked and dared not speak. Yang Zui bluntly remonstrated with the emperor and said, "Your Majesty is in his prime, but he wrote a letter to talk about it. He just saw a piece of land and wanted to take medicine to become immortal.

Immortals are made by people who practice in the mountains. Where can someone live in a luxurious palace, wear gorgeous clothes and eat exquisite food, but fly to the sky during the day? Even though I am stupid, I dare not follow the instructions. "The emperor was furious, and immediately sent a letter to put Yang drunk in prison, and the rod punishment was repeatedly banned. Yang was drunk and died before the rod punishment was finished.

After Yang Zui died, the prince's suggestion of supervising the country was not implemented. The next year, Guo Xun died in prison for his crime, and Duan Chao's scam was also discovered and later executed.

In the first year, Yang was appointed as the rightmost deputy capital, posthumous title Zhongyi.

4. Bian Que saw Cai Huangong's translation. When Bian Que saw Cai Huangong, he stood for a moment and said, "There is a small problem between your skin textures. I am afraid that if you don't treat it, it will get worse. "

Huan Hou said, "I'm not sick." After Bian Que left, Huan Hou said (to people around him), "Doctors always like to treat people who are not sick to show off their contributions."

Ten days later, Bian Que came to see him again. He said to Huan Hou, "Your illness has reached the point of exhaustion. If left untreated, the situation will get worse. " Huan Hou ignored me, and Bian Que (had to) leave. Huan Hou was very unhappy.

Ten days later, Bian Que came to see him again. He said to Huan Hou, "Your illness has reached your stomach. If it is not treated, it will be more serious. " Huan Hou still ignored it.

Bian Que (had to) go, and Huan Hou was very unhappy. Ten days later, Bian Que took a look at Huan Hou and turned to run.

Huan Hou specially sent someone to ask him (why he ran). Bian Que said: "Diseases between skin and texture can be cured by boiling with hot water and hot compress of drugs;" Diseases in muscles can be cured by acupuncture: gastrointestinal diseases can be cured by fire; The disease in the bone marrow is a matter of life and death, and there is no way. Huan Hou's illness has now reached the bone marrow, so I won't ask again. "

Five days later, Huan Hou had a terrible pain and sent for Bian Que. (Bian Que) fled to the State of Qin. Huan Hou died.

First of all, this paper describes the occurrence, development and ending of things in chronological order. See Cai Huangong in Bian Que-stay for ten days, see you in Bian Que.

-10, see you in Bian Que. -10, Bian Que watched Huan Hou go.

-Five days later ... Huan Hou died. The time clue is clear.

Secondly, this paper depicts two characters, Bian Que and Cai Huangong, with concise and vivid descriptions. When I saw Huan Gong, Li Youjian wrote that Bian Que carefully observed Huan Gong, "You have a disease in your heart" wrote that he accurately diagnosed Huan Gong's illness, and "If you don't treat it, you will be afraid of it" was a gentle exhortation tone.

After seeing Huan Gong twice and three times, Bian Que pointed out that Huan Gong's illness was getting heavier and heavier "in the skin" and "in the stomach", and "if it is not treated, it will be beneficial", with a positive tone and a warning in the exhortation. Seeing Huan Gong, I turned and ran. This action of "seeing Huan Hou and leaving" indirectly wrote the severity of Huan Gong's illness.

Capture Qin not only shows Bian Que's accurate diagnosis of Huan Gong's illness, but also shows his vigilance. The characteristics of Huan Gong's fear of illness and doctors are also vividly written.

A "I'm not sick", stubborn and confident image, "shouldn't" and "unhappy" coldly refused the doctor's departure. Bian Que didn't have a chance to analyze his illness and introduce the treatment method during his three visits to Huan Gong, which shows the seriousness of Huan Gong's medical taboo.

Thirdly, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the facts. The story of Huan Gong's death because he was afraid of illness and doctors has obvious persuasion color, warning people to face up to their shortcomings and mistakes and not to refuse criticism and help.

In this paper, characters are portrayed to enhance the vividness of reasoning. Bian Que's advice is in sharp contrast with Huan Gong's taboo on medical treatment. The purpose of comparison is to reveal the sadness and disdain of those who are afraid of medical treatment. In this way, the truth expounded in this paper is easier to be understood and accepted by people.

Fourth, classical Chinese vocabulary. (1) Words with different meanings in ancient and modern times.

Time: a moment, a moment. In modern Chinese, it is often used to express the relationship between the two, such as between neighbors and between two mountains.

Ju: Used before the word indicating time, indicating that after a period of time, it means "staying". In modern Chinese, "residence" or "domicile" is often used.

(2) Classical Chinese words widely used so far. Answer: One more time, one more time.

Now the commonly used words are "relapse" and "coming back from the dead". Benefits: more.

Now the commonly used words are "excellent" and "more and more serious". And: reach out.

Now the commonly used words are "too late" and "too late". Suo: Look for it.

Now commonly used words are "request", "search" and "search". (3) Classical Chinese words that are basically not used now.

Ambassador: Now say "pie". So say "so" now.

Sui: Now say "so". (4) Common words.

"Tong Jia" is mainly replaced by "homophone", but due to the evolution of pronunciation, some loanwords and their own words have different pronunciations today. The three interchangeable words in this paper are all keywords, because they are closely related to the correct understanding of the meaning of sentences.

(Tang-Tang, Qi-Ji, Yi-Xuan) About Exercise 1. Read the text carefully and answer the following questions in the original. 1. What did Bian Que say when he first met Cai Huangong? What did Cai Huangong say? Why did he answer like this? Bian Que said, "If you are sick, you will be afraid if you don't treat it."

Huan Hou replied, "I'm not sick." Huan Hou believes: "Good medical care is the credit for not getting sick."

2. What did Bian Que say ten days later? What's the effect? When Bian Que saw him again, he said, "Your illness lies in your skin. If you don't treat it, you will benefit deeply. " The result was ignored again.

Huan Hou is unhappy again. 3. When Bian Que saw Huan Gong for the last time, he "took a look at Huan Gong and left".

How does Bian Que explain this? Bian Que said: "The disease is phlegm, and the soup is within reach; In the skin, the needle stone is also within reach; In the stomach, fire is everywhere; In the bone marrow, where life belongs, doing nothing. Now in the bone marrow, I have no invitation. "

4. What is the ending of this story? Five days later, as a result, my body ached, and I sent someone to find Bian Que. Bian Que had fled to Qin. Then I died of illness.

Second, explain the underlined words. 1. Your illness is in the skin. If it is not cured, it will benefit a lot: more.

2. Ten days later, Bian Que watched Huan Gong go back: the same "turn", turn, turn. 3. Huan Hou made people ask: intentionally.

4. The disease lies in the cause, and the soup is within reach: within reach. 5. Make people look for it, and those who have escaped from Qin: look for it.

6. Huan Hou died. Sui: So.

Third, contact the context and talk about the different meanings of the following two groups of words in the text. Look-look: from a distance, this is a diagnostic method of Chinese medicine.

See, in the article, make an opinion and be an audience, which means to look carefully. In ancient Chinese, both "disease" and "disease" can refer to "disease", such as "the monarch has a disease in his body" and "the monarch has a disease in his skin" in this article.

But "disease" is often used to refer to general diseases, while "disease" is often used to refer to serious illness or serious illness. Fourth, talk about your feelings after learning this lesson with the topic of "avoiding illness and avoiding medical treatment".

This is called an open question. As long as students can roughly understand the connotation of "avoiding diseases and doctors" and talk about their feelings, they don't have to stick to it.

Teaching suggestion: 1. The narration in this article is to clarify the facts. We should prevent complications in teaching, such as analyzing Bian Que's excellent medical skills. Second, junior high school students learn classical Chinese, and the key point is to correctly understand the meaning of words and sentences.

5. The ancient prose that expresses people's desire to go higher, Mencius was born in sorrow and died in happiness, Ouyang Xiu's Biography of Lingguan, Zhuge Liang's Book of Exogenous, Mencius? "Summer" and "Lv Chunqiu"? Sincerity, sincerity, Zhuge Liang, model, Lv Kun, language? , broken kiln, born in sorrow and died in happiness, Mencius was born in an acre of land, raised in the space between buildings, glued in fish and salt, Guan Yiwu raised in scholar, Sun Shuaiao raised in the sea, and Bixi raised in the city.

Therefore, when the sky falls, people must first suffer their minds, their bones and muscles, starve their bodies, empty their bodies, and mess around. Therefore, patience has benefited them a lot. People are unchangeable, and then they can change; Trapped in the heart, balanced in consideration, and then made; Color label, sound hair, and then metaphor.

A country, if there are no ministers and wise men who can assist the king, will often be in danger of the collapse of its neighboring countries and the misfortunes from abroad. Then I know that I was born in sorrow and died in happiness. "

Preface to the biography of an upright official, alas! The truth of ups and downs, although called destiny, is not human nature! The original Zhuang Zong won the world because he understood people better than those who lost the world. It is said that the king of Jin will finally give three arrows. He told him, "Liang, I hate him; Prince, what I represent; Qidan and I are family friends, and both of them went back to Jin and Liang.

I hate these three. With your three arrows, you will never forget your father's ambition! "Zhuang zong is hiding in the temple.

Later, when fighting, people were sent to tell the temple with a small prison, asking for its arrows, filling them with cotton bags, and returning home in triumph. It was Yan and his son who wrote that Liang Junchen was the first king, entered the ancestral temple and went back to the first king to tell him that he had succeeded. He is full of energy and can be described as powerful! And the enemy has been destroyed, the world has been decided, a woman cries at night, and the chaos should be four, and the thieves are not seen, and the soldiers are scattered, and the monarch and the minister care for each other and don't know where to go; As for swearing, breaking my hair and crying, how bad! Is it hard to get and easy to lose? Suppress the traces of its success or failure, but all come from others? "Book" said: "Full of losses, modest benefits."

It is natural that fatigue can rejuvenate the country and leisure can die. Therefore, Fang Qisheng is also the first hero in the world who can't compete with him. And its decline, dozens of actors trapped, the country died and died, laughing at the world.

Husband's misfortune often makes a mickle, but wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning. How can one pity others? Make the biography of Lingguan. Zhuge Liang's Exogenous Commandments should aim high, worship sages, abandon lust and doubt, so as to preserve the ambition of ordinary people and feel sad; Endure flexion and extension, remove details, ask questions extensively, except being too stingy. Although I have stayed for a long time, why harm the beauty? Why bother? If the will is not strong and the intention is not generous, it will be vulgar and stagnant, and it will be vulgar if it is silently tied to feelings.

(Song) "Broken Kiln Fu" is full of unexpected events, and people are doomed to misfortune. Scolopes have a hundred feet, but they can't walk like snakes. Domestic chickens have big wings and can't fly as well as birds.

A horse has a journey of a thousand miles, and no one can't walk by himself; People have the ambition of lingyun, unless they are lucky, they can't get ahead. The article is overwhelming, and Confucius is still trapped in Bang Chen; Wu is a little better, and Taigong fishes in Weishui.

Stealing feet is old and not a kind person; Yan Hui's life is short, but he is not a vicious man. Yao Shun was the most holy, but gave birth to an unworthy son; Gu Sou was stupid and gave birth to the son of the Great Sage.

Zhang Liangyuan is a civilian, and Xiao He is called a county magistrate. Yan Zi was less than five feet tall and was appointed as the prime minister of Qi. Living in a thatched cottage can be a strategist of Shu Han.

Han Xin was powerless and was named the general of the Han Dynasty; Feng Tang has the ambition to keep peace, and the old half-official has no seal; Li Guang has the power to shoot tigers and never dies. Although the king of Chu is male, Wujiang's suicide is inevitable; Although Hanwang is weak, there are rivers and mountains and Wan Li.

Full of knowledge, white hair is not the first; Young people are scholars and young people are students. Get rich first, then get poor, then get rich.

Dragons don't meet, fish and shrimp dive; When a gentleman loses time, he makes a villain. When the weather is bad, the sun and the moon have no light; When the land comes out, the vegetation is not long; The water is not timely and the wind and waves are uneven; People don't have time, and profits will not work.

I used to be in Luoyang. Go to the monastery every day and stay in the cold kiln at night, clothes can't cover your body, and porridge can't fill your stomach; People at higher levels hate it, people at lower levels hate it, and everything is mean.

Yu Yue said, "It's not that I'm cheap, it's that I'm lucky, lucky and destiny takes a hand." After graduation, the official career was the best, ranking third.

A staff can strike a hundred people, and a sword can be mean. A strong man holds a whip when he goes out, and a beautiful woman holds a seedling when he enters the door.

Think about clothes and brocade, and think about food and delicacies. The superior is favored by the subordinate, admired by everyone, and the word is more expensive.

Yu Yue said, "It's not that I'm expensive, it's that I'm lucky, I'm lucky." When you are alive, you can't hold wealth or be bullied.

This is the cycle of heaven and earth, and it will always start again. Mencius told his son that the next person asked Wu Luzi, "Which is more important, courtesy or food?" Say: "The ceremony is heavy.

""which is more important, color or ceremony? "yue:" the ceremony is heavy. "yue:" if you eat with courtesy, you will die of hunger; If you eat impolitely, you will eat. -Will you eat politely? Dear, no wife; Marry a wife without a kiss.-You're welcome? "Lu Jiazi can't be the son of heaven. Zou Mingri will sue Mencius.

Mencius said, "What's the point of the answer? If you don't take its roots, you can make it higher than Cenlou. Gold is more important than feathers. Can you call it a golden feather hook? Compared with those who eat heavily and those who practice etiquette, Xi Yi eats heavily? " Compared with those who value color very much and those who value courtesy very little, the color of Xi wing is heavier? "Turn to the answer:" If you take food from your brother's arm, you will get food. ":if you don't eat, you can't eat-so what? If you hold your virgin over your boss's wall, you will get a wife; If you don't hug her, you can't get a wife. -Will you hug her? "Cao Jue asked," everyone can think of Yao and Shun. "What's the difference?" Mencius said, "Of course.

""Ten feet is king Wen and nine feet is soup. Today is nine feet four inches long, just to eat millet. What can we do? "Yue:" What did you do? That's all. Someone here, strength can't win a teenager, is powerless.

Today, raising a hundred monarchs is a powerful person, but Wu Huo's appointment is only for Wu Huo.

Today, raising a hundred emperors is a powerful person, but Wu Huo was appointed only to become Wu Huo.

Madam, do you think you are invincible? Fu Wei's ear. After Xu Xing, the elder called the younger brother, before the sprint, the elder called the younger brother.

Brother Xu, why can't people do it? So is what you don't do Yao Shun is just a filial brother.

It's Yao. The son took Yao's clothes and went to Yao's place behind his back. It's Jay's clothes. If you carry Jay, take Jay on a trip.

Yue: "If you make friends with me, you can leave the museum, and you are willing to work in the door. "Yue:" If it is natural, how can it be difficult for Zhihu? I don't want to hear it when I'm sick.

Children seek what they want, but there are many teachers. Sun Daodao asked, "Say,' Little Ge' is a poem written by a villain." .

Mencius said, "Why do you say that?" Say, "Complain." Yue: "solid, high coquettish is called" poetry "! There are people here, and the more they bow and shoot, the more they are talking and laughing.