What are the rhetorical techniques in Chinese language?

The eight common rhetorical techniques include metaphor, comparison, metonymy, hyperbole, antithesis, parallelism, question, and rhetorical question. Let’s talk about the characteristics of each rhetoric: Metaphor: The three conditions that constitute a metaphor are 1. ontology, metaphor, and metaphor; 2. ontology and metaphor are two types of things with different essences; 3. there must be a relationship between the two. There are similarities. Types of metaphors: Simile: Both the ontology and the metaphoric object appear in the sentence, and are connected by the metaphorical words "like, like, such as, like, like, like, like, like, as if, like, like, etc." or phrases in the middle. Noumenon and metaphor have a similar relationship. The typical format is: A (noumenon) is like B (metaphor). For example: 1. The late letter has worn edges, like a pie that has been baked and steamed several times. 2. I have never seen a wisteria blooming like this before. I only saw a brilliant lavender, like a waterfall, hanging down from the sky. There was no beginning or end, just deep and shallow purple, as if flowing. Laughing and growing. Metaphor: Both ontology and metaphor appear. Metaphorical words such as: are, become, become, form, have, act as, equal to, etc. are connected. Noumenon and metaphor are related. The typical format is: A (noumenon) is B (metaphor). There is no need to hang a painting, there is a huge painting outside the door - called Nature. Metaphor: the metaphoric object appears directly, the ontology does not appear, and there is no metaphorical word. For example: 1. Raising my head and looking west, I saw a white ribbon about two feet wide hanging in the air, swinging in the wind. 2. However, now that a few people are up, you cannot say that there is absolutely no hope of destroying this iron house. Boyu metaphor: The metaphor object appears directly, the ontology does not appear, and there is no metaphor word. For example: wild flowers taller than a horse's head, red, yellow, blue, white, purple, colorful, as gorgeous as the stretching tapestry, as dazzling as the colorful clouds on the horizon, as gorgeous as the rainbow in the sky. Note: The difference between metaphorical sentences and non-metaphorical sentences: For example: 1. Comparative sentences are not metaphorical sentences. The daughter looks like her mother. 2. Example sentences are not metaphorical sentences. There are many outstanding Communist Party members in China, such as Kong Fanshen, Jiao Yulu, etc. 3. The sentence "guessing locust" is not a metaphor. It seems like it's going to rain. 4. Sentences that are purely imaginary are not metaphorical sentences. After reading "The Story of Lei Feng", I had a bitter feeling in my heart, as if I had returned to my miserable childhood. (2) Analogy: divided into two categories: personification and objectification. Personification: writing about objects as if they were human beings and endowing objects with human actions, thoughts, and feelings is called personification. 1. The crazy fire demon smiled sarcastically and pressed forward menacingly. 2. On one side is the calm lake, facing the slanting wind and drizzle, lazily but reluctant to move forward. Phenomenon: write people as objects, or object A as object B. 1. Ah Q flew around in a daze and returned to Tugu Temple, already sober from the wine. 2. He is so proud that his tail is raised to the sky. Three: Metonymy: The rise of rhetoric that does not directly name a person or thing, but uses something closely related to the person or thing to replace it is called metonymy. For example: 1. Parts represent the whole: We must take care of every plant and tree in the school. 2. The whole represents the parts: read some Lu Xun. 3. Concrete instead of abstract: Let’s not waste any more words. 4. The specific name refers to the general meaning: Thousands of Lei Feng are growing. 5. Characteristic ontology: A team of red scarves came towards us. The role of metonymy: Substituting complexity for simplicity, substituting reality for emptiness, can highlight the characteristics of people or things, and enhance the image and distinctiveness of language expression. (4) Exaggeration: In order to express the need, deliberately exaggerate and try to expand or reduce the description of objective people or things. This rhetorical method is called exaggeration. Exaggeration is divided into three categories: expansion, contraction, and advancement. Exaggeration: Deliberately making general things larger (more, faster, higher, longer, stronger, heavier). For example: 1. The flying stream falls three thousand feet, which is suspected to be the Milky Way falling from the sky. 2. If you don’t see it, the water of the Yellow River will come up from the sky and rush to the sea never to return. Minimize and exaggerate: Deliberately speaking of general things in a small way (less, slow, low, short, weak, light). Such as: 1. The five mountains are meandering and the waves are flowing, and the clouds are majestic and the mud balls are moving. 2. It has been six years since I ran from the countryside to the capital. Predictive exaggeration: Between two things, deliberately describing the thing that appears later as appearing first or at the same time. 1. Farmers all said: "When I see these bright green seedlings, I can smell the fragrance of bread." 2 The heart is drunk before drinking, the eyes bleed, and the heart turns to ashes. Five: Duality: Two phrases or sentences with the same or basically the same structure, equal number of words, and closely related meanings are arranged in contrast. This rhetoric is called duality. According to the meaning of the upper and lower lines, duality can be divided into three types: direct pairing, opposing pairing, and flowing pairing (string pairing).

1. Opposite: express the same thing or principle from two angles and two sides, and are complementary dual sentences in content. For example: reeds on the wall are top-heavy and shallow in foundation; bamboo shoots in the mountains have sharp mouths, thick skins and hollow bellies. Describe the physical state and seek its complete form; describe the psychology in detail. 2. Opposition: The two parts of the duality are relatively opposite, such as old and new, good or bad, beautiful or ugly, etc. For example: With a cold eyebrow and a thousand fingers, one bows his head and is content to be a bully. Humility makes people progress, pride makes people fall behind. 3. Running pair: The two parts that constitute the duality have relationships such as inheritance, hypothesis, cause and effect, conditions, etc., and are called running pairs. He only drank water from the Yangtze River and ate Wuchang fish. For those who have great ambitions to sacrifice, they dare to teach the sun and the moon to change the sky. Six: Asking questions: Asking and answering questions to attract readers' attention and thinking is called asking questions. 1. Who created the human world? They are our working people. Who among you cried the most? Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet. Seven: Rhetorical question: It is also asking without doubt, asking knowingly. It expresses a definite meaning in the form of a question. If a negative sentence is uttered in a rhetorical tone, it expresses a positive content; if an affirmative sentence is uttered in a rhetorical tone, it expresses a negative content. 1. The water in the pond is rippled and the orioles and flowers are flying around. Who says it is not beautiful? (This is a negative rhetorical question that means affirmation) 2. Chinese people are not even afraid of death, so are they still afraid of difficulties? (This means using an affirmative rhetorical question to express negation) Rhetoric in 2003: The inappropriate use of metaphors is: C A. Several wooden boats sailed from a distance, their sails illuminated by the sun like transparent white wings. B. The verdant scenery of this tourist area is simply a beautiful landscape painting. C. The dark green hillsides lie peacefully on the river banks. D. Uncle Kang stood in front of Hua Laoshuan, his eyes like two knives. 04 years. One of the inappropriate metaphors is: B A's loud singing voice is like a horn to inspire me to move forward. B. The masses are the vast ocean, and the individual is just an atom of a drop of water in the ocean. C. After listening to the mobilization report on flood control, Xiao Wang's blood boiled all over. D. Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture. An item that does not use metonymy is: C A. When we go to the countryside to study agriculture, we must care for every plant and tree in the countryside. B. There are actually tens of thousands of "Zhuge Liangs" among the Chinese people. C. The short but tall weeping willows caress the crops that are about to mature with their green leaves. D. The People's Liberation Army used Xiaomi plus rifles to defeat enemies at home and abroad. 2005． An inappropriate use of metaphor is: B A. He felt very uncomfortable, as if there were millions of ants crawling on him. B. When he heard the good news, he jumped with joy like a flea. C. The creative thinking method is a "Midas-to-gold" method. D. Zhuge Liang took advantage of Cao Ren and Zhou Yu's quarrel between snipe and clam to reap the benefits of the fisherman. One item that uses rhetorical questioning is: D. A. Who created the human world? It’s us working people. B. There are many kinds of paints, why is it just called blue? It turns out that this production method mostly used blue materials at the beginning. It was called dot blue at that time, and it became known as that. C. You've already been a householder, don't you know that firewood and rice are expensive? D. When I sleep in spring, I don't realize the dawn, and I can hear the singing of birds everywhere. How many flowers have fallen to the sound of wind and rain at night? 06 One item that did not use metaphors was: D A When he received the news that his father had returned home safely, a stone in his heart finally fell to the ground. B If life is a tree, then ideals are the roots, diligence is the leaves, perseverance is the trunk, and success is the fruit. Car C is running on a plateau with endless horizons. What jumps into your field of vision is a large patchwork of yellow and green felt. Among the layers of leaves, white flowers are dotted here and there, some are blooming gracefully, and some are blooming shyly. Among the following sentences, one that does not use rhetorical questions is: A A is cloud, fog, or smoke? Or is it a mirage in the desert? Everyone is guessing. B At this time in the South, the coconut breeze is fragrant and seagulls are flying low. How can people not love this beautiful place? C keeps saying that he wants employees to give their opinions every day, but when the employees do bring up their opinions, they are scared to death. How is this any different from Mr. Ye's love for dragons? D. Although some people only donated a few pieces of used clothes and a few dollars, they did their best. How can one's love be calculated by the amount of donated money and materials?

Reference: Internet