Talking about history.

1. A brief history of the origin of the Chinese three-meaning word "Yu";

1. It is a discipline to record and explain a series of historical events as human progress.

2. Evolution and origin.

3. Past facts.

History, for short, refers to the history of human society. It is a discipline that records and explains a series of historical events in the process of human activities, and it is also a mapping of the present era in many cases. If it is only summary and mapping, then history as an existence should disappear. The problem of history is to discover the real past constantly, to speak with materials, and how people can become a negotiable problem in reality. [1] History is an extension. History is the inheritance, accumulation and expansion of culture and the track of human civilization.

2. History: After Yu was born, Zhou Yu personally said that He Shengliang was born, or this sentence was invented by history from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was invented by Luo Guanzhong, the author of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, to raise Zhuge Liang. The novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms is famous for promoting Shu, restraining Cao and belittling Wu.

Historically, Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang are two figures who have no intersection at all. When Zhuge Liang came out of the mountain, Zhou Yu was already the founding hero of Soochow, and his reputation spread far and wide, while Zhuge Liang was just an unknown person at that time. Battle of Red Cliffs was also commanded by Zhou Yu, and had nothing to do with Zhuge Liang. In order to beautify Zhuge Liang, Romance even invented a story of "borrowing from the east wind" to make Zhuge Liang look like a fairy. According to Lu Xun, romance is "like Zhuge Liang's wisdom, close to the demon."

Zhou Yu in history was open-minded. Veteran Cheng Pu refused to accept Zhou Yu because he was young and insulted him many times in person. Zhou Yu didn't care about him. Cheng Pu was finally impressed by Zhou Yu's talent and morality, and moved to say, "Make friends with Zhou Gongjin, and you won't get drunk when you drink." He became friends with him. Zhou Yu, who is narrow-minded and described in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, is a supporting role image deliberately created by Luo Guanzhong to set off Zhuge Liang. It's an artistic treatment, so you can't take it seriously. Of course, there is no historical basis for "Three Yu", and Zhou Yu finally died of illness on the way out.

Zhou Yu is proficient in temperament and elegant in manners. Even if he is drunk, he can hear fallacies in music. Therefore, the history books record the folk songs: "The song is wrong, Zhou Lang cares" and "In order to attract the attention of the enemy, she touches the wrong note from time to time".

3. What's the difference between Zhou Yu in The Romance of Three Kingdoms and Zhou Yu in history? 1. Zhou Yu opens the official history perfectly, revealing that Zhou Yu in this biography has no shortcomings and is indeed a perfect person.

A hero should be "extremely clever, bold and extraordinary" (Liu Shao's "People's Tales"), plus noble morality. In addition to the three points mentioned above, Zhou Yu is perfect from another angle and can be said to be a virtuous person; Brilliant; An elegant and energetic person.

Let's talk about Germany first: he can recommend people better than Uncle Bao; Festival comparable to Lin Xiangru; Modesty and loyalty are unparalleled; Sex is magnificent and people will be persuaded. The second time: he made a weak conquest and made great contributions to the founding of Soochow; Chibi turned the tide and made contributions; Later, he ventured to open Jingzhou for Wu Dong without mentioning his great achievements. Let's just say the people's evaluation of him at that time. His all-round ability in civil and military affairs has attracted the attention of the people at that time.

"British talents are different"; The genius of Wang Zuo; "Young and talented"; "A hundred officials are wiser than ten thousand people", these are the people's comments on Zhou Yu's intelligence, and the people who said these words were first-rate figures at that time. There is no need to make more fuss about Zhou Yu's talent.

In addition to etiquette, Zhou Yu is also a famous Confucian general, and his tolerance is so high that the ballad "Gu Cuo is in Song Dynasty" is circulating. He is no more elegant than those rough soldiers. Just saying "I think of Gong Jin in the past" makes people so fascinated by his appearance.

Finally, talk about his vitality. Zhou Yu is not only virtuous, talented and graceful, but also has a unique vitality, an enterprising, confident and heroic spirit. He was humble and courteous to his own people, but he showed contempt and fearless heroism to enemies and challenges. When Liu Bei and Zhou Yu met before the Chibi War, when Liu Bei talked about too few troops, Zhou Lang's answer of "self-sufficiency" and "self-destruction" was so aggressive, and Liu Bei's delay was so obscene in the end.

Zhou Yu's strategy also reveals this preemptive and resolute temperament, and is the most enviable "talent". However, there is an essential difference between Zhou Yu's heroism and Guan Yu's arrogance, because his confidence is based on reasonable analysis and planning, but his reputation is not worthy of Guan Yu's arrogance. It is precisely because of this that Zhou Yu is successful.

His temperament is similar to that of Sun Ce, but Sun Ce is frivolous and murderous, and Zhou Yu is calm and free from vulgarity, just as some people say that his temperament is the combination of Sun Ce and Zhuge Liang, and he has just combined softness with Zhou Yu. Such a man who combines rigidity with softness has impeccable excellent character and amazing talent. In addition, God has a special preference for his handsome appearance, both inside and outside, and his demeanor is graceful. If he is not perfect, who can be called? It is really appropriate to describe Zhou Yu in one sentence. As the name suggests, Zhou Yu, as the name suggests, is as beautiful as gold and a flawless jade.

2. The reason why Zhou Yu was demoted from Chen Erdong's book Gossip Three Points is very reasonable. He said that Zhou Yu "this person is loyal to Sun Shi; Forgive your friends; There are tricks in planning; The limelight is enough; Good reputation; Plus people are beautiful; Madam is more beautiful ... Those mediocre people who are ashamed of themselves are inevitably jealous. Wei Yu's voice is far away, so Cao Gong and Liu Bei are anxious to doubt it. "

Cao Cao and Liu Bei are still so. Ordinary people in later generations have never seen such a perfect figure. The most important thing is that Zhou Yu joined Sun Wu Group. Neither Cao Cao's orthodoxy nor Liu Bei's orthodoxy, Sun Shi can only be regarded as a local separatist force, which will not be taken seriously in later dynasties.

Zhou Yu is so tall, why do people in other groups get along with themselves? So they had to put some mud on Zhou Yu's perfect face. Among other things, they think that Zhou Yu must be very complacent when he is so successful at a young age, and he must be very young and confident when he succeeds.

Although Zhou Yu is not young at the time of great events in history, and he is the most humble and polite, he is already a representative of complacency in the Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms, because in the eyes of ordinary people, it is strange that such an excellent figure and young people are not proud of their success. Today's Zhou Yu thinks about * * *, and it is difficult to clean when he is young.

Because Zhou Yu's aggressive strategy style, fearless heroism and his humble personality are really contradictory. Sometimes I think Zhou Yu in the history books is a little perfect. Maybe the youthful one looks more vivid, more aura and more like a living person, but later he is not perfect.

Zhou Yu was degraded and distorted, of course, it was romance. In order to beautify Zhuge Liang, the first protagonist of Romance, Luo Guanzhong tried his best.

Because Zhuge Liang did something after Liu Bei's death, before that, he sent a mission to Wu Dong, and the rest was to take care of Liu Bei's food and grass. It is impossible to promote him without extraordinary measures. So I can only apologize to Zhou Yu.

Besides, as mentioned above, Zhou Yu is a stumbling block to the development of Liu Bei Group. The theme of this story is to respect Liu. Who told Zhou Yu that he had a problem with Liu Bei? I'm sorry, you should apologize. Zhou Yu's outstanding contribution is so great that Zhuge Liang's image is beautiful enough to take away his contribution.

In addition, Zhou Yu's perfection is the most enviable, and now I will let you taste the pain of being envied by others! And the man who is envied by such a capable person as you, isn't his skill as great as the sea? So I don't need to say more about the rest: Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang, who had no quarrel in history, became incompatible opponents. Zhuge Liang took Zhou Yu's credit and his excellent character, not his life. Zhou Yu didn't let him go even after he died, forcing him to say the famous saying, "You were born to be human, so why should you be born to be human?" Luo Guanzhong is too cruel to Zhou Yu! Zhou Lang's face was covered with mud, and it was covered beyond recognition with a large piece of mud.

But this is a novel after all, in which Zhou Yu Zhuge Liang is only a literary image. Zhou Yu, as a foil to Zhuge Liang in Romance, is still successful in shaping the characters. Although Zhou Yu became a different person, he was still a little beautiful in poison. This is because the original Zhou Yu blank is too good. Although twisted and ugly, the essence of his beauty cannot be erased.

With regard to vulgar romance and elegant history, Zhou Yu was vilified and degraded in romance, which is actually nothing, as long as everyone understands that it is not a real person in history. Unfortunately, the influence of romance is too great.

4. Two-part allegorical sayings History Liu Bei threw his son to buy people's hearts: Liu Bei was the master of Shu in the Three Kingdoms.

Zhao Yun saved Liu Bei's son Dou in Changbanpo. I came to see him, deliberately dropped Dou on the ground, and said that I almost hurt one of my generals to save you. Things from the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

This language is used to refer to those false actions that win people's hearts. Idiom: False feelings.

2. Xu Shu entered Cao Cao-without saying a word, after Xu Shu went north to Cao Cao, he was still attached to his friends Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang. Although he has great strategy and talent, he is unwilling to make suggestions for Cao Cao and make enemies with Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang.

Therefore, Xu Shu has been in Cao Wei for decades, but he has never made any achievements in politics and military affairs, and he is almost unknown. This is what people often say: "Xu Shu entered Cao Ying without saying a word".

3. Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou-in the fifteenth year of Jian 'an, Liu Bei accompanied his wife home to visit relatives. When he went to see Sun Quan in Jiangdong, he proposed that Wu Dong cede Jiangling, but Sun Quan did not give a definite answer at that time. After Liu Bei returned to Jingzhou, since Jiangling was the throat of Jingzhou, he was bound to win and planned to take it by force.

Soon, Zhou Yu died. In order to consolidate the alliance, Lu Su suggested that Jiangling be "lent" to Liu Bei. Although Sun Quan's personal attack on Hefei has failed, he still regards Cao Cao as the main enemy and still needs the alliance of Sun Liu. In particular, in view of the fact that Liu Bei would be difficult to defend if he attacked Jiangling from the upstream, he lent Jiangling to Liu Bei. This is the historical fact that "Liu Bei borrowed Jingzhou".

4. Zhuge Liang's condolences-after pretending that Zhuge Liang was angry with Zhou Yu, Zhou Yu sighed: "Since Zhou Yu was born, why did you give birth to Zhuge Liang?" ) dead. Sun Quan was very sad to learn of Zhou Yu's death. According to Zhou Yu's suicide note, he appointed Lu Su as the commander in chief.

When Zhuge Liang learned of this, he and Zhao Yun led 500 troops to Baqiu by boat to pay their respects. On the way, Zhuge Liang knew that Zhou Yu's coffin had arrived in Chaisang, so he led his troops there.

When Zhuge Liang and his party came to Chaisang, Zhou Yu wanted to kill Zhuge Liang, but Zhao Yun was around and dared not do it. After reading the eulogy, Zhuge Liang fell to his knees and wept bitterly, and even Lu Su was deeply moved.

In fact, Zhuge Liang was not sad because of Zhou Yu's death. He is crying to Zhou Yu's subordinates. The real purpose is to eliminate the hostility of Dongwu and maintain the alliance between Sun and Liu. 5. Zhou Yu hits Huang Gai-When one side wants to hit the other and Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan orders Zhou Yu to fight Cao Cao as the viceroy. In order to fool Cao Cao, Zhou Yu and Huang Gai decided to take risks. So at the military meeting, Huang Gai pretended not to agree with Zhou Yu's opinion, and even made rude remarks. So Zhou Yu was furious and ordered Huang Gai to be beheaded. Everyone begged, and Zhou Yu put Huang Gai under the staff. Beat Huang Gai to bed. This is for Cai Zhong Cai He, who mistakenly surrendered to Zhou Yu. So Kan Ze submitted a false surrender to Huang Gai, and Cai Zhong Cai Hecai sent the false information back to Cao Ying. Cao Cao believed Huang Gai, and then Battle of Red Cliffs broke out, and Huang Gai, who had surrendered falsely, set sail and surrendered to Cao Cao. Unexpectedly, Cao Cao was trapped, and Cao Cao's ships were hit by a fire-fighting wheel with a yellow cover and caught fire. Coupled with Pang Tong's series of tricks and Zhuge Liang's east wind, Cao Cao Jun was flying. After Zhou Yu's surprise attack, the whole army was wiped out, even to the point where he was almost killed by Guan Yu. Later, Cao Cao was afraid of Zhou Yu and never dared to go south. Zhou Yu hit Huang Gai, which later evolved into a two-part allegorical saying: Zhou Yu hit Huang Gai-one is willing to fight and the other is willing to suffer.

Used to describe what both sides are willing to do. 6. Zhuge Liang wept for Ma Su-the overall situation is that he was born in 190 and died in 229, his younger brother, Shu Jiang. The word Youchang was born in Yicheng, Xiangyang (now Yicheng, Hubei).

The Battle of Ma Su Street Pavilion Zhuge Liang heard that his eldest brother Sima Yi was going to play street kiosks, so he thought about it for three days. He thought it over, Sima Yi asked him to withdraw, and Zhuge Liang thought about it for another day. It was reasonable to withdraw if he could. At that time, Zhuge Liang didn't know he looked like a good Ma Su, so he came to see him. Ma Su said that he would keep the kiosks, knowing that Zhuge Liang knew that kiosks could not be kept. Zhuge Liang has always wanted to reduce Wei Yan's performance. At that time, Wei Yan knew that the street pavilion could not be guarded, so he didn't want to go. Let Ma Su guard it, because Zhuge Liang knows that Ma Su will say he can't. It's not a pity that Rong died. Ma Su thought he could win Sima Yi after reading 2 3 books on the art of war. At that time, Zhuge Liang said that Ma Su was in power for three times. Why didn't he tell Masu three times? He said it was for the whole army. Finally, Zhuge Liang asked 2W soldiers to guard the street kiosks in Ma Su. Zhuge Liang knew that Sima Yi had 20W soldiers in the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang knew that Ma Su was bound to lose the battle and that Ma Su was going to be overwhelming. Later, when Ma Su really lost Zhuge Liang, he withdrew aboveboard. When withdrawing troops, a soldier told Zhuge Liang that Wei Bing was coming. Zhuge Liang learned that it was his eldest brother Sima Yi, so he showed Sima Yi an empty plan. Sima Yi knew it was an empty city, so he let Zhuge Liang go. Later, Masu came back and confessed. Zhuge Liang said that it is the right way for military orders to cut Ma Su like a mountain. At that time, Zhuge Liang said that the lineup in power was a good promotion, and the whole army should be given a good hearing to cut Ma Su and Ma Su. In fact, Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang's son, thought he was hypocritical, so he went to behead Ma Su with tears. What is the tearful beheading of Ma Su? It is for the whole army and Ma Su. After that, the world will shed tears to behead Ma Su. What is law enforcement like a mountain, what is nostalgia, and what is the tail from wagging the dog are actually crocodile tears.

5. Zhou Yu (175-210), a historical figure, was born in Shu County, Lujiang (now southwest of Lujiang County, Anhui Province), and was a famous soldier in the late Han Dynasty. Luo Yangli Zhou Yi's son, grandfather and uncle are all officials to Qiu. Strong, beautiful and elegant, Jiangdong has the saying "wrong song, care". Zhou Yu made little friends with Sun Ce, and 2 1 year-old went to the battlefield with Sun Ce to pacify Jiangdong. After the assassination of Sun Ce, Sun Quan succeeded to the throne, and Zhou Yu sent troops to attend the funeral, taking charge of affairs together with Zhang Zhao, who has a long history in China. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), Zhou Yu led the army of Jiangdong Sun's Group to unite with Liu Bei's army, and Battle of Red Cliffs was defeated, thus laying the foundation for a three-point world. In the 14th year of Jian 'an (209), General Bai Qing led the Southern County Governor. In the fifteenth year of Jian 'an (AD 2 10), he died in Baqiu (now Yueyang, Hunan) at the age of 36.

In the official history, Zhou Yu was called a "prodigy" and a "real genius", and Fan Chengda praised him as "a hero in the world and a handsome man in Jiangzuo". When Song Huizong chased him for Pinglu. Ranked among the sixty-four generals of Tang Wu Temple and one of the seventy-two generals of Wu Song Temple.

6. What is the historical evaluation of Zhou Yu? Zhou Yu was vilified and degraded in the romance, which is nothing, as long as everyone understands that it is not a real person in history.

Unfortunately, the influence of romance is too great, not to mention the rough people selling vegetables, even the so-called intellectuals can't escape. But those so-called intellectuals who can't tell romance from history have paid the price.

Yuan Mei's Poems with the Garden says that a scholar has been ridiculed all his life and become a laughing stock because he said something in the poem that will make him look bright. Another person used this sentence in the memorial and was dismissed by the Qing emperor.

Because it is not too much to distinguish between history and fiction. If your level is limited, you can tell stories, but you can't get used to telling only a few vinegar-level histories.

Because these people are based on fictions in romance novels, what if they are interpreted more rigorously? Besides, talking about historical figures with absurd things in novels, no matter who they are, not only reflects their ignorance, but also shows the greatest disrespect for historical figures. Zhou Lang is the most magnificent in history. Distorted in the Romance, Zhuge Liang was portrayed as a "perfect man through the ages", and Zhou Yu, a strange man, was portrayed as a typical narrow-minded figure, which was typical and successful in literature.

Therefore, no matter how wronged he is, he can bear it. However, if Zhou Yu in history is described by fictional things in the romance, he will vomit blood with anger no matter how generous he is. But vulgar things often have a market, and such elegant things as official history are inevitably high and low.

7. The historical development of Thais originated from Ailao people in the middle and upper reaches of Nujiang and Lancang rivers. Ailao people are one of the oldest ethnic groups in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. A large number of ancient sites have been unearthed in the middle and upper reaches of Nujiang River and Lancang River where Ailao people live. Among them, the "Pupiao Man" site has been identified for at least 8,000 years.

In the 5th century BC, Ailao people established Daguang Kingdom in the middle and upper reaches of Lancang River and Nujiang River. At the end of the second century BC, Daguang Kingdom began to contact with the Han Dynasty. Because the Great Light King at that time was called "Ailao", the Han Dynasty began to call the Great Light Kingdom "Ailao Country". Before that, the Han Dynasty could only learn about Ailao people through Yunnan, Zhang and Kunming. Because Ailao people are good at riding elephants, and their living environment is similar to that of other "Yue" ethnic groups in southern Han, they were hastily classified as "Yue" by the Han Dynasty, calling Ailao people "Yunnan Yue" and Daguangguo "Elephant Riding Country".

At the end of the second century BC, the Han Dynasty conquered tribes and countries such as Yi, Kunming and Yunnan in the east of Daguang, occupied the eastern territory of Daguang, and extended its influence to the central area of Daguang. After that, Zhang, Kunming, Yunnan and other ethnic groups successively turned against Han, and a large number of people flowed into Daguang (Ailao) Kingdom. Ailao people absorbed fleeing people from Zhang, Kunming and Yunnan, and formed a powerful ethnic group.

In the middle and late period of 1 century, the kingdom of Daguang (Ailao) was squeezed by the Han Dynasty, and it was forced to move the imperial city from the east to the west of the Nujiang River. The territory east of the Nujiang River was occupied by the Han Dynasty and counties were established. The ancestors of the Thai people were split in two by the Nujiang River. The Thai ancestors to the west of the Nujiang River continued to be loyal to Daguangguo, and the Dai ancestors to the east of the Nujiang River became subjects of the Han Dynasty. In the following years, the Daguang regime, which moved westward, continued to expand southward, and once again rose and ruled the Irrawaddy River basin, which was called "Shan State" by the Han Dynasty. In order to avoid the further suppression of the Han Dynasty (Eastern Han Dynasty), Daguang (Shaanxi) chose to make friends with the Han Dynasty, and the Han Dynasty also made a friendly response, which strengthened the relations between the two countries.

From the end of the first century to the middle of the eighth century, the ancestors of the Thai people west of the Nujiang River experienced the period of great light (mountain) and the period of the former fruit occupying the wall. After the decline of the Han Empire, the ancestors of the Thai people east of the Nujiang River also formed dozens of small states, among which Mengshe and Menggang states south of Erhai Lake were the most powerful.

From the middle of the eighth century to the beginning of the tenth century, the Mongolian society (Nanzhao) ruled Erhai Lake area, unified the tribes of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and Qianguo occupied the wall west of Nujiang River (Irrawaddy River basin), established a multi-ethnic country dominated by Thai people, and the Thai forces expanded unprecedentedly.

At the beginning of 10 century, the regime of Mengshe (Nanzhao) of Thai nationality was usurped by the powerful ministers of Han nationality, and Mengshe (Nanzhao) fell into chaos, and the lost Thais began to move south and west. The Thai people in Irrawaddy River and Nujiang River (salween) basin areas have restored the "fruit kingdom occupying the wall"; Thais in the Lancang River basin first joined the Dali dynasty controlled by the Heman people (the ancestors of the Bai people), and then left Dali to establish the "Kingdom of Meng Ling".

/kloc-In the 20th century, Thais who migrated from south to west have widely settled in water-rich areas such as Red River Basin, Mekong River Basin, Chao Phraya River Basin, salween River Basin and Irrawaddy River Basin, and a few have arrived in Brahmaputra River Basin (the lower reaches of Yarlung Zangbo River).

/kloc-In the middle and late 3rd century, the Mongolian army conquered Dali and established Yunnan Province. Guo Zhanbi Kingdom and Meng Lu Kingdom of Thai nationality were also occupied by Mongolian troops, which led to a large number of Thai people moving south and west again, indirectly enhancing the strength of small Thai countries in the south and west, and the small Thai countries in the south and west began to grow and develop. The kingdom ruled by Ahong visited the northeast of India today; The kingdom ruled by Awa visited the north-central part of Myanmar; The kingdom ruled by Rana visited northwest Thailand, northern Laos and northeast Myanmar. Today's central and northern Thailand under Sukhothai rule the kingdom; The rule of Lancang Kingdom has covered most areas of Laos today. With the expansion of the front of the Mongolian army, the Thais who stayed in their ancestral homes gradually gained an advantage in resisting the Mongolian army, and established a powerful Luquan Kingdom, which ruled the vast areas such as western Yunnan, southwestern Yunnan and northern Myanmar. The kingdom of Meng Ling, who joined the Mongolian army, quietly regained its independence and ruled the southern part of Yunnan today and a small part of Laos and Myanmar bordering it.

Today's Kingdom of Thailand (Kingdom of Siam) developed from Lanna Kingdom and Sukhothai Kingdom through Dacheng Kingdom and Wuli Kingdom.