What are the expressive functions of the two questions in the last paragraph of Yueyang Tower?

The foreword is drawn up with questions and answers, and the main idea of the whole article is pointed out in the name of ancient sages and sages. The latter sentence belongs to rhetorical question. As a conclusion, it goes without saying that it is expressed in the form of a question, which is euphemistic and implicit, sad and generous, and affectionate.

Yueyang Tower is a story written for rebuilding Yueyang Tower. Fan Zhongyan, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, was invited by Teng, a good friend of Baling County, to write it on September 15th, the sixth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1046). Among them, the poems "Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world" and "Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself" are well-known and quoted sentences. The story of Yueyang Tower can become a masterpiece, not because of its description of the scenery of Yueyang Tower, but because Fan Zhongyan expressed his feelings of worrying about the country and the people through Yueyang Tower.

original text

In the spring of the fourth year, Li Qing stayed in Baling County. Next year, the government will be harmonious and all waste will flourish. Is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave Tang Xian's poems on it. It belongs to (zhǔ) to (yú) Write a composition and remember it.

Yu (fú) Baling wins the case in Dongting Lake. Swallow the Yangtze River in the mountains, and the soup (sh ā ng) is endless; It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower, which was prepared by predecessors. But the northern martial arts, the Antarctic Xiaoxiang and the poets who moved abroad will all be here, and they will look at things very well.

If the husband (fú) is lewd (yín), it rains and rains, and even the month can't be opened; Evil wind whistling, turbid waves emptying; The sun and stars are hidden, and so are the mountains.

Latent shape; Business travel is not good, qiáng is ruined; At dusk, tigers roar and apes crow. To climb the temple building, people are homesick, sad, sad, sad!

If the spring is bright, it will be calm and the sky will be clear (Q ǐ ng); Sha Ou Ji Xiang, Li Jing swims, tοng orchids on the shore, green and gloomy. Still gone, the moon is thousands of miles away, radiant and still. How happy it is to answer the fisherman's song! It's refreshing to go to the temple building, forget the humiliation, and leave the wine in the breeze.

Oh, my husband! Give (yú) a taste of the ancient benevolent heart, or do something different from them. Why? Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself. If you live high in the temple, you will worry about the people, and if you live far in the rivers and lakes, you will worry about the king. It's worrying about going in and going out. But when will it be fun (yé)? It must say, "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"! Hey (y: and)! Wes, who are we going home with? September 15th, six years.

To annotate ...

Reporter: A style. Can write landscapes and narratives, mostly for discussion. But the purpose is to express the author's feelings and ambitions (explain some of the author's ideas).

1) is selected from Fan Zhongyan (989- 1052) in Gong Ji, Fan Wenzheng, whose word is Greek. After his death, posthumous title was a public official, a native of Wuxian, Suzhou (now Wuxian, Jiangsu), a politician, strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yueyang Tower

At the foot of Baqiu Mountain in the northwest of Yueyang, Hunan, its predecessor was the military parade platform of Lu Su, commander-in-chief of the State of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. In the fourth year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (7 16), it was said that a pavilion named Yueyang Tower was built in the former site of the parade platform, and he often went upstairs with the scribes to write poems.

2) Four years in Li Qing: A.D. 1044. Li Qing, Zhao Zhen's year number in Song Renzong.

3) Teng (zhé) defends Baling County (jun): Teng is demoted to the prefect of Yuezhou. Teng Amethyst's name is Zong Liang, which is his word and Fan Zhongyan's friend. In ancient times, friends were often matched by words. Chen: In ancient times, officials were demoted or transferred. Keep it and be a county magistrate. Baling: The county name, namely Yuezhou, is located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province.

4) Next year: The second year will be five years in Li Qing (1045). The more, here we are.

5) Political integrity and harmony: Political integrity and harmony make people happy. Politics, politics; Pass, pass smoothly; Harmony, harmony. This is a compliment to Teng Amethyst.

6) All kinds of things that should be done but not done are set. Waste, all kinds of abandoned business. Use "all", all, all. Xing, revival.

7) It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower and increase its old system: Yes, then; Increase, expand. Old system: original building scale.

8) Tang Xian is close to people: a celebrity in Tang Dynasty and modern times (Song Dynasty).

9) Genus (zhǔ) to (yú) Write a composition to remember it: Genus, through "entrustment", entrustment. Composition, writing articles. With, for, conjunction.

10) Yu Baling's victory case: Fu, modal particle, untranslated. Victory, scenery, good scenery. One: all of them.

1 1) Title (xián) Distant mountain, swallowing the Yangtze River, Hao Tang: Title, cohesion. Swallow it, swallow it. Vast soup: the waves are mighty. Soup soup (shāng): The current is big and fast.

12) boundless: broad and boundless. Horizontal: Guangyuan. International border: the edge. The difference between international and international: international refers to the land boundary and international refers to the water boundary.

13) It's sunny in the morning and cloudy at night, full of weather: it turns cloudy and sunny in the morning and evening. In the morning, nouns are adverbials. Hui: Sunshine. Weather, sight. Thousands, ever-changing

14) This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower: this is the magnificent view of Yueyang Tower. Here, here. Then, just. Magnificent scenery.

15) previous descriptions are very detailed. What the predecessors said refers to the above-mentioned "Tang Xianshi and Modern Fu". Be prepared, detailed and complete. Alas, the modal particle "le". Yes, yes. 16) however, it is connected with the Northern martial arts: however: in this case, then ... north: nouns as adverbials, facing north. Pass: Arrival 17) Antarctic Xiaoxiang: Direct access to Xiaoxiang and Xiangshui in the south. Xiaoshui is a tributary of Xiangshui. Hunan water flows into Dongting Lake. South, south. Extreme, tired, arrived, arrived.

18) Most of the poets who moved to other places will be here: officials who moved to other places were demoted. A poet or poet. During the Warring States Period, Qu Yuan wrote Li Sao, so later generations also called poets poets. Will's party Yes, yes. Here, here.

19) The feeling of seeing things is nothing unusual: the feeling caused by seeing natural scenery will probably be different, right? Browse, look, look. No ... anyway, is it ... maybe. Different: different.

20) Ruofu (yín) Fei Fei (fēifēi): Ruofu, a word used at the beginning of a paragraph to cause discussion. The following "Zhi Ruo" is used at the beginning of another paragraph, causing another discussion. "Ruofu" is similar to "like that". "Zhi Ruo" is similar to "As for" and "Like" rain, continuous rain. It's raining, and the rain (or snow) is dense. Lu, that's too much.

2 1) on: the original meaning refers to lifting, and this article refers to sunny weather. 22) Evil wind howling (háo), turbid waves emptying: cloudy cold. No, whistle; Turbidity, turbidity. Running for the sky in the air. 23) Yao: The sun, the moon and the stars hide their brilliance. Obsidian, brilliant.

(23) Mountain shape: The mountain has lost its shape. Yue, a tall mountain. Diving, disappearing. Form, trace.

24) qiáng and jí: The mast fell down and the oars broke. Mast. Hey, paddle. Fall, fall.

25) Twilight: It's dark at night. Thin and approaching. Dim: A dim appearance.

S: This refers to Yueyang Tower. 27) Some people go to the countryside to feel homesick, worry and sneer: then, just. Have, produce ... (emotion). When you go to your hometown, you are afraid of being laughed at: you leave the capital, miss your hometown, worry that others will speak ill of you and criticize you. Let's go. Leave. State and national capital refer to capital. Go to the countryside and leave Kyoto, that is, leave the imperial court. Fear, fear, fear. Worry, worry. Say something ugly. Scold, blame. 28) People who are gloomy and feel extremely sad: gloomy and depressed. Feeling, feeling. However, to the extreme, it means sequential connection. People, representing sad feelings, play an important role. 29) To Ruochun and Jingming: If the sun is warm in spring. Zhiruo, that's it. Spring is harmonious and spring breeze is warm. Scenery, sunshine. Bright and shining. 30) Calm: The lake is calm, without any waves. Jing: It means "get up" and "move" here. 3 1) Up and down the sky, a blue sky: The up and down the sky is connected with the lake, and it is green and boundless. One, all of them. Vast and boundless, the scope is extremely wide. 32) Brocade Swimming in Ji Xiang, Sha Ou: Sha Ou flies and stops, and beautiful fish swim in the water. Seagulls on sandbars in Sha Ou. Ji Xiang, sometimes fly, sometimes stop. Stop, stop, the bird stops in the tree. Brocade refers to beautiful fish. Fish scale means fish. Swim: refers to floating on the water. Swimming means diving into the water. 33) shore zhi (zhǐ): flowers and plants on the shore and on the small continent. Cheese: A kind of vanilla. D: Zhou Xiao. 34) Melancholy: Describe lush vegetation. 35) And the long cigarette is gone: sometimes a big cigarette disappears completely. Or sometimes. Dragon: A blockbuster. One, all of them. Empty: dissipate. 36) The bright moon shines thousands of miles. 37) floating gold: the fluctuating light flashes gold. This is a description of water waves in the moonlight. 38) Still shadows sink: The still moon sinks into the water like jade. Bi, Yuanyu. This is about the moon shadow in the water when there is no wind. 39) fisherman's answer song: fisherman's answer song. Answer, it should be with. 40) He Ji: Where is the end? Extreme: the end. 4 1) relaxed and happy: cheerful and cheerful. Open, open. Hey, happy. 42) Love and shame (xié) Forget: Forget both honor and disgrace. Together, together. Pets, glory. Shame, shame. 43) Bring wine to the wind: When you bring wine to the wind, you bring wine to the breeze to drink. Keep: keep, keep. Face, face. 44) Proud: happy and proud. 45) jiē: alas. Fu is two words, both modal particles. 46) Give the hearts of the ancients a taste: once. Look for, explore. Ancient benevolent people, ancient noble people. Heart, thoughts and feelings (mind). 47) or different: maybe different from (above) two moods. Or, close to the meaning of "maybe" and "maybe", to put it mildly. Different from. For, here refers to psychological activities. Both refer to "sadness" and "joy" in the first two paragraphs. 48) Don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself: don't be happy or sad with foreign things (good or bad) and yourself (gains and losses) (this sentence is intertextual). So, because. 49) If you live in a temple, you will worry about the people: If you are an official, you will worry about the people. It means to be an official in North Korea. Temple, ancestral hall. Hall, palace. Temple: refers to the imperial court. In the following, "gold" refers to "the height of the temple". 50) Far away is the Jianghu, and near is the worry of the monarch: far away is the official, and far away is the worry of the monarch, which means being away from the imperial court as an official. The following "retreat" means "stay away from the rivers and lakes". 1. The post-attributive sign. 5 1) That's it. Kim: Be an official in the imperial court. Retire: not to be an official in the court. 52) Be sure to say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later": Then be sure to say, "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later". First, before; After that, after that. Its: refers to "ancient benevolent people." Must: definitely. 53) Wes, who are we going home with? Who is a person like me with? Micro, no. People, such people. Whoever returns is "who returns". Return, take refuge 54) Six years: Six years in Li Qing (1046)

idiom

"Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world": Worry about the world first, then enjoy the world. Metaphor is to suffer first, then enjoy.

Bright Moon Thousands of Miles: The bright moonlight shines on the lake thousands of miles away.

"don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself": don't be happy or sad because of the quality of foreign things and your own gains and losses.

"Relaxed and happy": describes an open mind and a cheerful spirit: openness; Yi: Happy. Weather: Weather: Scenes. Describe a magnificent and diverse scene or thing.

"Political integrity and harmony": government decrees are smooth and people's hearts are United; Describe national stability and people's happiness. "All kinds of waste are booming": Many abandoned businesses have been started again. Now, the standard word form is "Everything is thriving".

"Hao Hao Tang": Hao Hao. Refers to the magnificent appearance of water.

"Dripping" describes the continuous drizzle.

"Calm" is the scenery of Yueyang Tower when the mountain is calm. It is generally said that no matter what happens, you will not be confused or surprised.

"A blue sky": endless green. Well, it's very extensive.

"Zhilanting": vanilla on the shore, orchid on the mainland.

"Love and forget": I don't care if I am favored or humiliated. Often refers to an understanding and detached attitude.

"Spring and Jingming": describes the spring breeze and sunny days.

Word explanation

polysemy

To: 1) Come: It belongs to the composition. Remember 2) Because: Don't be happy for things, don't be sad for your husband: 1) That is the victory of Guanfu Baling. 2) Sigh at the end of the sentence: 1) See the victory of Guanfu Baling. 2) This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. Antarctic Xiaoxiang 2) exhausted this joy, 3) the degree of expression was extremely sad, or: 1) maybe it was different, 2) sometimes the sky was cloudy and empty, 2) the smoke was scattered and empty: 1) the politicians were smooth, and 2) the martial arts introduced to Beitong. Warm spring and Jingmingju: 1) are located at the height of the temple; 2) living in the mountains; 3) Long stay time; 1: 1) One Piece: a blue sky; 2) all the cigarettes are gone; 3) Overall: Dongting opens the lake: 1) Sunny: even the moon won't open; 2) Opening the light: Open my Dongting Gate; 3) Setting: Open a small window beside it: 1) So: But when can we have fun? 2) It is the grand view of Yueyang Tower; 3) If you live high in the temple, you will worry about others: 65438. Activity: or the difference between the two is 2) as: the whole stone belongs to: 1) through "entrustment", entrustment:. It belongs to writing notes 2) contact: it belongs to attracting sadness 3) category: it belongs to Sangzhu fertile land Meitang: 1) scenery, scenery: the scenery at four o'clock is different. 2) sunshine, sunshine: if it is beautiful in spring. 3) On-site; Situation: What about the plan for the party scene? Fishing: 1) Fisherman: Answer each other's songs. 2) Fishing: fishing against the current: 1) Ying: drinking against the wind. 2) Pro: Come: Fish by the brook 3) Arrive: Jieshi in the East 4) Close, located in: Yongran Shangquan: 1) Being an official in the imperial court: worrying if you enter, worrying if you retreat 2) Being dedicated: being loyal: 1) Either you don't enter or you don't. 2) tiny, slight: there are many names. Secret: I smell rats. 4) slightly, slightly: the soil paste is slightly wet. Use: 1) all; All: political integrity, harmony and prosperity. 2) Detailed: Ask questions and answer questions. 3) possession: each modality wins: 1) very beautiful; Wonderful: watching her husband Baling win, in Dongting Lake. 2) better than; Bobby: The river is redder than fire at sunrise, and the river is as green as blue in spring. 3) Capable and affordable: I stroke my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. 4) forbearance, forbearance: the donkey is angry. Meeting: 1) Meeting, meeting: moving guests, more meetings are here. It happens to rain heavily. 3) Inevitably, surely: I will ride the wind and waves one day.

Flexible use of parts of speech

1. All waste flourishes (verb as noun, abandoned business) 2. Worry before the world (noun adverbial, there is a wise man before) 7. You Jin scales (referring to fish with Jin scales) 8. Or smoke up (adjective as verb, dissipate) 9. Wuxia in the north, Xiaoxiang in the South Pole (noun as adverbial, facing north; South) 10. Or the difference between the two (verbs are used as nouns, here referring to psychological activities)

Different meanings of ancient and modern times

1. Countless weather (ancient meaning: state of affairs; Modern significance: weather change) 2. Weiss (archaic: if there is no; Today's meaning: tiny) 3. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. Today: Look) 4. The horizon is boundless (ancient: Guangyuan; Today: as opposed to "vertical") 5. Turbid waves are empty (ancient: rushing into the sky; Today: get rid of it all) 6. Yu Guanfu Baling Shengge (ancient: demonstrative pronoun, indicating far finger, equivalent to "that"; Today: husband, wife) 7. Compilation of predecessors (ancient: detailed today: compilation) 8. Increase its old system (ancient: balance today: system) 9. Composition (Ancient: Writing Today: Writing) 10. To Ruochun and Jingming Valley: daylight; Today: scenery, scenery 1 1 I have gone to the countryside to miss my hometown: the capital; Today: the country is 12. Then go to the countryside to miss home: leave; Today: Go to 13. Taste the heart of the ancients: once; Today: Taste 14. More ancient next year: and, to; Today: More than 15. Shame and forgetting the past: glory; Today: Grace 16. Sha Ou Xiang Ji Gu: The bird stops in the tree; Today: collectively, focusing on 17. Go forward, worry about the country and the people: be an official in the court; Today: Going forward 18 retiring is also worrying about the past: not being an official in the court; Today: Step back.

Common words

1. belongs to the record (through "delegate" and "delegate") 2. Everything is coming back to life (through "all" and "all")

Sentence patterns in ancient Chinese

1. Example: Wes, who are we going home with? The interrogative pronoun "who" is the object. The word order should be "Who do I belong to". True or false: This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower. ("Ye" indicates the tone of judgment. ) 3. Ellipsis example: Genus (zhǔ) writes to (yú) to remember it. (Omit the subject "Teng Amethyst". )

Poetry appreciation

Dongting is the water of the world and Yueyang is the building of the world. The 800-mile Dongting Lake is bordered by the four waters of Hunan, Guizhou, Yuan and Li in the south and the tributaries of the Yangtze River such as Songzi and Taiping in the north. It has been a fascinating mountain resort since ancient times. Yueyang, called Baling in ancient times, is located at the intersection of Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River, with a pillow mountain and a lake, which is the crossroads of Pakistan, Shu, Beijing and Hunan. In the sixth year of the Northern Song Dynasty (1046), Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister, made notes for the rebuilt Yueyang Tower at the invitation of a friend, and the famous poem "The Story of Yueyang Tower" was born.

At the beginning of the article, come straight to the point and describe the origin of the matter. Starting from the time of "Four Years of Li Youth", the style is elegant and straight; Saying that Teng was "living in exile" is a metaphor for the ups and downs of his official career, which laid the foundation for his later lyricism. In the following, only four words are used to write Teng's political achievements, which leads to the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower and takes notes, which is the introduction of the full text.

In the second paragraph, the style of writing is exciting and the words are passionate. First of all, I always say "Baling wins, in Dongting Lake", and set the following range of scenery. The following words "Take the distant mountains and swallow the Yangtze River" describe the spectacular Dongting Lake. A "title", a "swallow", what an imposing manner! "Hao Tang Tang, the sea is vast and the sky is vast", which means that the water waves are magnificent; "It's sunny and sunny in the morning, and the weather is full", which is simple and vivid. The first four sentences describe the spectacular scene of Dongting Lake from the perspective of space, while the last two sentences describe it from the perspective of time. The sentence "what predecessors have said is ready" is a link between the past and the future, and responds to the previous sentence "Tang Xian's modern poems". This sentence is not only modest, but also implies a turning point. After a "natural principle" change, a new artistic conception is introduced, from simply writing the scenery to writing the "feeling of seeing things" of the "moving poet" by combining scenes, thus forming the main body of the full text. Paragraphs 3 ~ 4 are two parallel paragraphs, one sad and one happy, one dark and one bright, like two surging emotional streams, conveying two diametrically opposite life situations in which scenery and emotions are mutually induced.

The third paragraph begins with "Ruofu", which is meaningful. This is a controversial word, but it also shows the emotional appeal of virtuality, which is the condensation, refinement and sublimation of countless realities and is quite typical. "Ruofu" describes a sad situation below, from bad weather to people's inner sadness. Here are four-word short sentences, which are rendered layer by layer and described step by step. Rain, evil wind and turbid waves constitute the main scene, which makes the sun, moon and stars dim and makes business travel stagnate; Or in the twilight, when tigers are howling and apes are crying, how can we not make the former "immigrants" feel the generosity of "going to the countryside to miss their hometown", the fear of "worrying but afraid of ridicule" and the feeling of "feeling extremely sad"?

The fourth paragraph begins with "Zhi Ruo", which opens a sunny picture. "If" is also an enumerated tone, but it has become loud in syllables and lively and powerful in style. Although the following description is still a short sentence of four words, the tone has changed, drawing the beautiful scenery of spring breeze, with beautiful scenery and clear water. More seagulls are flying freely, fish are wandering happily, and even ignorant aquatic plants and orchids are full of vitality. With extremely concise pen and ink, the author painted a spring color picture of lake light, which seemed to be in front of him. It is worth noting that the sentence pattern and rhythm of this paragraph are similar to those of the previous paragraph, but there are other changes. The sentence of "harmony or" further expands the artistic conception, strengthens the meaning of repetition, and pushes the atmosphere of "jubilation" to a climax, while the state of mind of "climbing high and looking far" has become detached from "forgetting humiliation" and "putting wine in the wind".

The fifth paragraph is the focus of the whole article, starting with "Fu", which is both lyrical and argumentative. After enumerating the two situations of sadness and joy, the author's style of writing suddenly stirred up, revealing a higher ideal beyond these two situations, that is, "don't be happy with things, don't be sad for yourself"! Being touched by things is human nature, but it is not the highest state of being a man. In ancient times, benevolent people were determined and did not waver because of changes in external conditions. Whether it is "living in the temple" or "traveling in the rivers and lakes", the heart of worrying about the country and the people will not change. "I am also worried about entering, and I am also worried about retreating." This seems counterintuitive and somewhat incredible. In this regard, the author drew up a question and answer, and issued an oath of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" under the guise of the words of ancient saints. The end of the song is elegant and points out the main idea of the whole article. "alas! "Wes, who are we going home with? "Sad and generous, let a person feel sorry. Note the writing time at the end of the article and coordinate with the beginning of the article.

The author's general comment on this article is: "The Grand View of Yueyang Tower has been written by predecessors. Teacher Wang won't elaborate, but will only write a sad and happy story about the feelings of people climbing stairs, and dig out a positive theory about sadness and joy in the following article. " This comment really embodies the spirit of this article.

Full text analysis

Main idea

This story tells the whole story. By describing the scenery of Yueyang Tower and the different feelings of the poets who moved the building to see the scenery, they expressed their broad-minded mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad for themselves" and their political ambition of "worrying about the worries of the world first, and enjoying the joy of the world later".

theme

"Dongting is the water of the world, and Yueyang is the building of the world." When it comes to Yueyang Tower, people will naturally think of Fan Zhongyan, a famous minister throughout the ages, and The Story of Yueyang Tower, which shows Fan Zhongyan's broad mind, and praise his political ambition and attitude towards life. It can be said that people pay too much attention to Fan Zhongyan, and few people think of Teng, who has made great contributions. Not only self-encouragement, but also encouragement with friends. Yueyang Tower

The influence of later generations

Influence permeates the history books and has become one of the ideas of governing the country for thousands of years. Political affairs are accessible and people's hearts are harmonious, which has become the ideal realm pursued by countless future generations. There is a saying in later generations: "Those who govern well will show their feelings when they are hidden by the people." "People who rule the people will not be separated when the tide turns." The core of "friendship between superiors and subordinates" rather than "estrangement" is the word "communication", which shows the key to "political integrity and harmony"

Problem research

Understanding of the article

1. What are the characteristics of this article's conception and conception? According to historical records, Teng asked Fan Zhongyan to take notes, especially attaching a picture of the Dongting in late autumn, and said, "Mountains and rivers are not obvious unless there is a view of the building, and it won't be long before you visit the building." However, The Story of Yueyang Tower transcends the narrow scope of simply writing landscapes and buildings, and integrates the gloomy changes of nature, the lack of rain or shine and the "feeling of seeing things" of "moving guests", thus focusing on discussing political ideals and expanding the realm of the article. The whole article seems to be rambling, but in fact it is of great significance. Teng and Fan Zhongyan are both scholars on the list (in the eighth year of the auspicious symbol of Dazhong, that is, AD 10 15), and they are very friendly. Teng was accused of using public funds without authorization and was demoted. He was "angry and depressed" when he arrived in Yuezhou. Others celebrated the completion of Yueyang Tower, but he replied, "How successful?" Just a few more games. "It can be seen that his mood is extremely low. Fan Zhongyan took the opportunity of taking notes, implicitly and tactfully advised him to "not be happy with things, not sad for himself", and tried to infect his old friends with his feelings of salvation and optimism of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later" This is the fate of this paper, and it also determines the style of combining narrative with discussion. 2. How to understand "Worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later"? By comparing "ancient benevolent people" with poets who moved to other places, the author shows different attitudes towards sadness and happiness. He expressed his broad mind of "not rejoicing in things, not grieving for himself", which led to the political proposition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", which showed his noble sentiment of not taking personal gains and losses as pleasure and taking the world as his own responsibility. Fan Zhongyan wrote "Yueyang Tower" to comfort Teng who was demoted. In the first paragraph, Teng praised the "integrity". Fan Zhongyan lost his father in his childhood and lived in poverty, but he studied hard and had little ambition. According to "History of Song Dynasty", he made an oath that "it is not his husband's lifelong ambition to disadvantage others" from an early age. The epitaph written by Ouyang Xiu also said: "There are few big festivals in the public, and the poor and rich are ruined. They don't move their hearts, but they are interested in the world. I often say to myself,' a scholar worries about the world first, and then enjoys the world.' "It can be seen that the sentence" Worry about the world first, and be happy after the world "is Fan Zhongyan's heartfelt words since childhood, and it is widely known through the article" Yueyang Tower ". The source of the thought of "taking care of the world first and enjoying it" is the benevolence thought of Confucianism. Mencius once said: "People are happy when they are happy; People have their worries, and people have their worries. Happiness is in the world, worry is in the world, not the king, nothing. " (Mencius, Hui Liang, Wang Xia) Fan Zhongyan further developed the idea of "worrying about the world first" into "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", that is, transcending personal worries, taking the world as his own responsibility, taking the benefit of the people as the purpose, remedying deficiencies and making positive progress. For this reason, we must not be moved by external things, neither the light and shade of nature nor the hardships of social environment can shake our faith. Fan Zhongyan has been practicing this belief in his political career. For example, in the seventh year of Tiansheng (1029), 30-year-old Fan Zhongyan was still in charge of a small secretary cabinet school that was not qualified to remonstrate, and wrote a letter to prevent Emperor Song Renzong from leading hundreds of officials to make incense to the Queen Mother for birthday; In the second year, she directly wrote to Zhang Xian to go back to the government and abdicate ── Zhang Xian was the one who listened to politics, was in power, and was "the one who didn't dare to speak". Fan Zhongyan was demoted to Beijing and didn't come back until three years later. For another example, in the third year of Jing (1036), Fan Zhongyan went to the "Hundred Officials Map" and accused the Prime Minister of cronyism and appointment of officials, but he was falsely accused of "exceeding his authority, recommending cronies and alienating the monarch and his subjects" and was reprimanded. Even Ouyang Xiu and others who were unfair to him were demoted. Fan Zhongyan's official career has been ups and downs for decades, and he has been demoted several times, but he has never changed to be an official, worrying about the country and the people. He used his salary to buy a thousand acres of "beneficial fields" in his hometown to help the poor, but he was poor all his life, so that when he died, he "had nothing to worry about, and his son had nothing to worry about." Pleading for the people and worrying about the country and the people are the concrete embodiment of Fan Zhongyan's spirit of "worrying about the world first and worrying about the world later". 3. What is the function of the combination of narrative, scenery description, discussion and lyricism? The whole article is only 368 words, but it is rich in content and emotion. It naturally integrates narrative, scenery description, discussion and lyricism, which not only explains the whole story, but also describes the scenery of the lake. There are both profound discussions by Jingjing and melancholy lyricism. Remember the building, remember the story, and put your mind on it. The author is also good at controlling complexity with simplicity and subtly changing content and writing. For example, the sentence "predecessors prepare" brings countless narratives, the sentence "nature" leads to "seeing things", the topic of discussion starts with "or different", and so on, and narrative romance has entered the realm. 4. How are the sentences in this article combined with parallel prose? This essay is mainly composed of single-line prose sentences, interspersed with parallel short sentences, which is fluent and concise. The use of prose parallel prose varies according to the content of the article. For example, the narrative text at the beginning and end uses loose sentences, which are solemn and simple; Most of the sentences about mountains and rivers in the middle are compound sentence, with colorful words and harmonious phonology; Lyric paragraph ("Fu" paragraph) also uses loose sentences, which are cadenced and varied. In this way, parallel prose alternates, narrative and discussion are combined, and it is gentle and has a strong artistic appeal. 5. "Gu Renren" in the article is an ideal figure in the author's mind, but it may not exist in reality. So why does the author talk about this non-existent character? Combined with the background of the author's exile at that time, it is obvious that "Gu Ren" is also the author's ideal in some cases. What the author puts forward is "don't be happy with things, don't be sad with yourself." The ideal state should also be consistent with the firm will and unshakable character of "ancient benevolent people" It also shows that the realm of such people is not sad or happy, and there are advances and retreats. So talk about this character in the article. 6. The two words that express the joy of the guests and poets are: relaxed and happy, selfless and humiliating. 7. The two words that express the sadness of the poet who moved are: homesickness in the countryside, worry and sneer. 8. The rhetoric of the sentence "Sha Ou Ji Xiang, Li Jing swims" is dual and metonymy. 9. Yu Baling wins, in Dongting Lake, 10. The topic is (xián) Distant Mountain, Swallowing the Yangtze River, and Haohao Soup is (shāng) Soup. The boundless horizon is the spatial description of 165438. Function: connecting the preceding with the following.

Paragraph meaning of the article

The first paragraph: Explain the writing background and reasons for rebuilding Yueyang Tower. The second paragraph: I always write about the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake, which leads to different feelings of tourists. The third paragraph: describe the bleak scenery of Dongting Lake, which leads to the sadness of tourists. The fourth paragraph: Describe the beautiful scenery of Dongting Lake and arouse the joy of tourists. The fifth paragraph: point out the main idea of the article and express the author's political ideal and ambition: worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.

Famous sentences through the ages

1] Don't rejoice in things, don't grieve for yourself. 2] Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later.